scholarly journals Nucleolus-like bodies in the pineal gland of the adult yak (Bos grunniens)

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohui H. Xie ◽  
Ping Gan
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Bos Grunniens ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticula ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticula

The pineal glands of adult yak were studied electron microscopically. Nucleolus-like bodies (NLBs) were found mostly in the pinealocytes and the interstitial cells of the pineal glands of the yak. The NLBs were electron-dense, round or ovoid bodies with a diameter of 50 nm – 500 nm. Two types of granules were identified as melanin. These may correspond to different stages of a progressive storage of melanin. Rough endoplasmic reticula with abundant ribosomes were observed. There was no correlation between the number of NLBs and the sex of the animals.

scholarly journals Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on the Number of Bacteria and Texture of Beef Liver

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Ogihara ◽  
Hodaka Suzuki ◽  
Masaki Michishita ◽  
Hitoshi Hatakeyama ◽  
Yumiko Okada
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Ultrastructural Analysis ◽  
Lower Pressure ◽  
Mitochondrial Swelling ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticula ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticula ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Providing beef liver for raw consumption was banned in Japan on July 1, 2012. To lift the ban, the establishment of effective countermeasures for safe raw consumption is necessary. In this study, we examined the effects of high hydrostatic pressure processing on raw beef liver. Beef liver samples subjected to 300 MPa of pressure or higher for 10 min at 25°C became firmer and showed a paler color and were considered unsuitable for raw consumption. More than 3.0 log reductions of bacteria were seen after treatments at 400 and 500 MPa, but the treatment with lower pressure did not show enough microcidal effects for safe consumption. Histological and ultrastructural analysis revealed that high hydrostatic pressure processing increased mitochondrial swelling and reduced rough endoplasmic reticula in hepatocytes, and such changes might be related to the observed changes of texture in the treated raw beef liver.

Fine structural observation on the oogenesis and vitellogenesis of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiseus sinensis)

Zygote ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hei Nainan ◽  
Yang Ping ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Liu Jinxiong ◽  
Bao Huijun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Special Functions ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Sibling Relationship ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticula ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticula

SummaryFine structure observations were performed by means of electron microscopy on oogenesis and vitellogenesis and the special functions of follicular cells in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiseus sinensis). Histological examination of the ovary showed a well developed lacunae system containing fine granules, fibres or gelatiniform materials with one or two germinal beds dispersed on the dorsal surface of the ovarian cortex. The process of oogenesis comprised 10 consecutive phases according to the morphology of the yolk platelets, follicular cells and zona pellucida (ZP). Electron microscopy of vitellogenesis revealed some of the mitochondria gradually being transformed into yolk granules. In the advanced stage of vitellogenesis, large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticula, Golgiosomes and other cell organelles that are involved in synthesis and secretion were observed in follicular cells. The ZP was formed by microvilli, thus increasing the absorptive surface of the oocyte and facilitating transport of nutrients from the follicular epithelium to the ooplasm. This study demonstrated that the ovaries of members of the Testudinidae share more features with Archosaurs than with Squamates, indicating that these features were phylogenetically conserved in the Archosauria. The present observations suggest that the accumulation of yolk materials was controlled by the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways as well as by the activity of follicular cells. These results might also support a sibling relationship of the Testudinidae with the Archosauria and not with all extant reptiles.

scholarly journals Nano-imaging trace elements at organelle levels in substantia nigra overexpressing α-synuclein to model Parkinson’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Lemelle ◽  
Alexandre Simionovici ◽  
Philippe Colin ◽  
Graham Knott ◽  
Sylvain Bohic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticula ◽  
Nano Imaging ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticula

AbstractSub-cellular trace element quantifications of nano-heterogeneities in brain tissues offer unprecedented ways to explore at elemental level the interplay between cellular compartments in neurodegenerative pathologies. We designed a quasi-correlative method for analytical nanoimaging of the substantia nigra, based on transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. It combines ultrastructural identifications of cellular compartments and trace element nanoimaging near detection limits, for increased signal-to-noise ratios. Elemental composition of different organelles is compared to cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments in dopaminergic neurons of rat substantia nigra. They exhibit 150–460 ppm of Fe, with P/Zn/Fe-rich nucleoli in a P/S-depleted nuclear matrix and Ca-rich rough endoplasmic reticula. Cytoplasm analysis displays sub-micron Fe/S-rich granules, including lipofuscin. Following AAV-mediated overexpression of α-synuclein protein associated with Parkinson’s disease, these granules shift towards higher Fe concentrations. This effect advocates for metal (Fe) dyshomeostasis in discrete cytoplasmic regions, illustrating the use of this method to explore neuronal dysfunction in brain diseases.

scholarly journals Structure of the Leydig Cell in the African Sideneck Turtle (Pelusios castaneus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
S. G. Olukole ◽  
B. O. Oke
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
West African ◽  
Freshwater Turtle ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Entire Cell ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticula ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticula

The African sideneck turtle (Pelusios castaneus) is a freshwater turtle of West African origin used in traditional medicine with little consumption as meat. There have been documentations on the reproductive biology of the turtle with no report on the structure of the Leydig cell of the animal. We described the structure of the Leydig cell of the adult African sideneck turtle using histology, microstereology and transmission electron microscopy. The Leydig cell of the African sideneck turtle were elliptical in shape when found proximal to blood vessels and elongated at other points within the testicular interstitium. Leydig cells occurred in cords or clusters of varying sizes and numbers (3-5 cells) that appear to be random in distribution possessing round to ovoid nuclei containing small amount of peripherally disposed heterochromatin with prominent nucleoli. The seminiferous tubules of the turtle occupied about 85% of the total testicular parenchyma while the interstitium occupied 15% of it. Of this 15%, the Leydig cell occupied about 10% while the stromal elements, inclusive of blood vessels occupied the remaining 5%. The cytoplasm of the Leydig cell was about 85% of the entire cell and comprised microfilaments, lipid droplets, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula as well as numerous mitochondria. In conclusion, the histological and ultrastructural features of the Leydig cell of the African sideneck turtle bear close similarities with those of other reptiles with little variations. These variations include interstitial location as well as in relation to blood vessels within the testicular interstitium. Information made available by this study is expected to be useful in the comparative anatomy of the Leydig cell of turtles and reptiles.

scholarly journals Ethylene-induced Rough Endoplasmic Reticula in Abscission Cells

1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack G. Valdovinos ◽  
Thomas E. Jensen ◽  
Linda M. Sicko
Keyword(s):  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticula ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticula

Interstitial Cells in the Pineal Gland of Pregnant and Nonpregnant Viscachas (Lagostomus maximus maximus): A Morphometric and Biochemical Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-250
Author(s):  
Fabricio Ivan Busolini ◽  
Luis Ezequiel Gallol ◽  
Graciela Beatríz Rodríguez ◽  
Verónica Palmira Filippa ◽  
Fabian Heber Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Gonadal Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Serum Hormone ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Percentage Area

The pineal gland of mammals undergoes morphological and biochemical changes throughout the gestation period. In viscachas, a seasonal breeding rodent, pregnancy lasts approximately 154 days and 3 stages can be defined, i.e., early, mid, and late pregnancy. The purpose of this study is to analyze morphometric variations in the expression of S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and vimentin in the interstitial cells (IC) in pregnant and nonpregnant viscachas by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We also aim to evaluate a probable relation between glandular activity and pregnancy. The immunopositive percentage area (%IA) for the studied proteins and the number of immunoreactive cells against the S-100 protein with a visible nucleus (nº IC-S-100) were analyzed. Estradiol and progesterone serum levels were also determined by RIA. Variations in the expression of the S-100 protein and GFAP, as well as changes in the nº IC-S-100 related to serum hormone levels, were found between pregnant and nonpregnant viscachas. Viscachas in mid pregnancy exhibited the highest values of %IA for the analyzed proteins, followed by females in late and early pregnancy, while the nonpregnant ones showed the lowest values for all of the groups studied. Likewise, the nº IC-S-100 also varied following the same pattern. Thus, these variations seem to indicate a direct relationship between glandular activity and gonadal hormone levels. On these grounds, we may conclude that IC undergo changes in relation to ovarian hormone levels and participate in the regulation of glandular activity during pregnancy. However, further research is necessary to elucidate this relationship.

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