Ethylene-induced Rough Endoplasmic Reticula in Abscission Cells

Providing beef liver for raw consumption was banned in Japan on July 1, 2012. To lift the ban, the establishment of effective countermeasures for safe raw consumption is necessary. In this study, we examined the effects of high hydrostatic pressure processing on raw beef liver. Beef liver samples subjected to 300 MPa of pressure or higher for 10 min at 25°C became firmer and showed a paler color and were considered unsuitable for raw consumption. More than 3.0 log reductions of bacteria were seen after treatments at 400 and 500 MPa, but the treatment with lower pressure did not show enough microcidal effects for safe consumption. Histological and ultrastructural analysis revealed that high hydrostatic pressure processing increased mitochondrial swelling and reduced rough endoplasmic reticula in hepatocytes, and such changes might be related to the observed changes of texture in the treated raw beef liver.

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Fine structural observation on the oogenesis and vitellogenesis of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiseus sinensis)

Zygote ◽

10.1017/s0967199409990116 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 109-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hei Nainan ◽

Yang Ping ◽

Yang Yang ◽

Liu Jinxiong ◽

Bao Huijun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Special Functions ◽

Dorsal Surface ◽

Sibling Relationship ◽

Follicular Epithelium ◽

Follicular Cells ◽

Cell Organelles ◽

Rough Endoplasmic Reticula ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Endoplasmic Reticula

SummaryFine structure observations were performed by means of electron microscopy on oogenesis and vitellogenesis and the special functions of follicular cells in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiseus sinensis). Histological examination of the ovary showed a well developed lacunae system containing fine granules, fibres or gelatiniform materials with one or two germinal beds dispersed on the dorsal surface of the ovarian cortex. The process of oogenesis comprised 10 consecutive phases according to the morphology of the yolk platelets, follicular cells and zona pellucida (ZP). Electron microscopy of vitellogenesis revealed some of the mitochondria gradually being transformed into yolk granules. In the advanced stage of vitellogenesis, large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticula, Golgiosomes and other cell organelles that are involved in synthesis and secretion were observed in follicular cells. The ZP was formed by microvilli, thus increasing the absorptive surface of the oocyte and facilitating transport of nutrients from the follicular epithelium to the ooplasm. This study demonstrated that the ovaries of members of the Testudinidae share more features with Archosaurs than with Squamates, indicating that these features were phylogenetically conserved in the Archosauria. The present observations suggest that the accumulation of yolk materials was controlled by the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways as well as by the activity of follicular cells. These results might also support a sibling relationship of the Testudinidae with the Archosauria and not with all extant reptiles.

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Nano-imaging trace elements at organelle levels in substantia nigra overexpressing α-synuclein to model Parkinson’s disease

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-020-1084-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Laurence Lemelle ◽

Alexandre Simionovici ◽

Philippe Colin ◽

Graham Knott ◽

Sylvain Bohic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Substantia Nigra ◽

Trace Element ◽

Brain Diseases ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Rough Endoplasmic Reticula ◽

Nano Imaging ◽

Cellular Compartments ◽

Endoplasmic Reticula

AbstractSub-cellular trace element quantifications of nano-heterogeneities in brain tissues offer unprecedented ways to explore at elemental level the interplay between cellular compartments in neurodegenerative pathologies. We designed a quasi-correlative method for analytical nanoimaging of the substantia nigra, based on transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. It combines ultrastructural identifications of cellular compartments and trace element nanoimaging near detection limits, for increased signal-to-noise ratios. Elemental composition of different organelles is compared to cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments in dopaminergic neurons of rat substantia nigra. They exhibit 150–460 ppm of Fe, with P/Zn/Fe-rich nucleoli in a P/S-depleted nuclear matrix and Ca-rich rough endoplasmic reticula. Cytoplasm analysis displays sub-micron Fe/S-rich granules, including lipofuscin. Following AAV-mediated overexpression of α-synuclein protein associated with Parkinson’s disease, these granules shift towards higher Fe concentrations. This effect advocates for metal (Fe) dyshomeostasis in discrete cytoplasmic regions, illustrating the use of this method to explore neuronal dysfunction in brain diseases.

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Structure of the Leydig Cell in the African Sideneck Turtle (Pelusios castaneus)

Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.54058/saheljvs.v17i2.103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 19-25

Author(s):

S. G. Olukole ◽

B. O. Oke

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessels ◽

Leydig Cell ◽

Comparative Anatomy ◽

West African ◽

Freshwater Turtle ◽

Seminiferous Tubules ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Entire Cell ◽

Rough Endoplasmic Reticula ◽

Endoplasmic Reticula

The African sideneck turtle (Pelusios castaneus) is a freshwater turtle of West African origin used in traditional medicine with little consumption as meat. There have been documentations on the reproductive biology of the turtle with no report on the structure of the Leydig cell of the animal. We described the structure of the Leydig cell of the adult African sideneck turtle using histology, microstereology and transmission electron microscopy. The Leydig cell of the African sideneck turtle were elliptical in shape when found proximal to blood vessels and elongated at other points within the testicular interstitium. Leydig cells occurred in cords or clusters of varying sizes and numbers (3-5 cells) that appear to be random in distribution possessing round to ovoid nuclei containing small amount of peripherally disposed heterochromatin with prominent nucleoli. The seminiferous tubules of the turtle occupied about 85% of the total testicular parenchyma while the interstitium occupied 15% of it. Of this 15%, the Leydig cell occupied about 10% while the stromal elements, inclusive of blood vessels occupied the remaining 5%. The cytoplasm of the Leydig cell was about 85% of the entire cell and comprised microfilaments, lipid droplets, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula as well as numerous mitochondria. In conclusion, the histological and ultrastructural features of the Leydig cell of the African sideneck turtle bear close similarities with those of other reptiles with little variations. These variations include interstitial location as well as in relation to blood vessels within the testicular interstitium. Information made available by this study is expected to be useful in the comparative anatomy of the Leydig cell of turtles and reptiles.

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Nucleolus-like bodies in the pineal gland of the adult yak (Bos grunniens)

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v84i1.68 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhaohui H. Xie ◽

Ping Gan

Keyword(s):

Pineal Gland ◽

Interstitial Cells ◽

Bos Grunniens ◽

Rough Endoplasmic Reticula ◽

Endoplasmic Reticula

The pineal glands of adult yak were studied electron microscopically. Nucleolus-like bodies (NLBs) were found mostly in the pinealocytes and the interstitial cells of the pineal glands of the yak. The NLBs were electron-dense, round or ovoid bodies with a diameter of 50 nm – 500 nm. Two types of granules were identified as melanin. These may correspond to different stages of a progressive storage of melanin. Rough endoplasmic reticula with abundant ribosomes were observed. There was no correlation between the number of NLBs and the sex of the animals.

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Eukaryotic origins

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2014.0321 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 370 (1678) ◽

pp. 20140321 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

James A. Lake

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary History ◽

Personal Interest ◽

Scientific Question ◽

The Past ◽

New Concepts ◽

History Of ◽

Rough Endoplasmic Reticula ◽

Endoplasmic Reticula ◽

Over Time ◽

Complex Evolutionary History

The origin of the eukaryotes is a fundamental scientific question that for over 30 years has generated a spirited debate between the competing Archaea (or three domains) tree and the eocyte tree. As eukaryotes ourselves, humans have a personal interest in our origins. Eukaryotes contain their defining organelle, the nucleus, after which they are named. They have a complex evolutionary history, over time acquiring multiple organelles, including mitochondria, chloroplasts, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula, and other organelles all of which may hint at their origins. It is the evolutionary history of the nucleus and their other organelles that have intrigued molecular evolutionists, myself included, for the past 30 years and which continues to hold our interest as increasingly compelling evidence favours the eocyte tree. As with any orthodoxy, it takes time to embrace new concepts and techniques.

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Ultrastructural changes in female hepatocytes during ovarian maturation of Steindachnerina insculpta (Pisces: Curimatidae)

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842006000600002 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 957-962 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

V. M. A. Ribeiro ◽

N. Bazzoli ◽

T. A. Maria ◽

G. B. Santos

Keyword(s):

Electron Density ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Ovarian Maturation ◽

Hepatic Parenchyma ◽

Gonadal Maturation ◽

Cellular Debris ◽

Rough Endoplasmic Reticula ◽

Endoplasmic Reticula

During gonadal maturation the females of Steindachnerina insculpta, a teleost of the Furnas reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil, show low hepatosomatic and high gonadossomatic indexes, suggesting possible transference of hepatic substances to the ovaries. In comparison to the resting phase, in the maturation/mature one the hepatocytes show greater development of both smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula, increased electron density in the mitochondria, and glycogen scattered throughout the cytoplasm. In both resting and maturation/mature phases, the hepatic parenchyma contains melanomacrophagic centers that consist of degenerating cellular debris and are surrounded by capsules formed by cells, resembling fibroblasts, joined by desmosomes. No physiological relation of these centers with ovarian maturation was found.

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Die histologie en ultrastruktuur van die hepatopankreas van die bloukurper Oreochromis mossambicus

Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie ◽

10.4102/satnt.v9i1.432 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 3-10

Author(s):

M. M. Nel ◽

J. H. Swanepoel ◽

H. J. Geyer

Keyword(s):

Secretory Granules ◽

Central Vein ◽

Connective Tissue Capsule ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Round Nucleus ◽

Portal Veins ◽

Rough Endoplasmic Reticula ◽

Endoplasmic Reticula ◽

Tissue Capsule ◽

Prominent Nucleolus

The histology and ultrastructure of the hepatopancreas of the Mozambique tilapia O. mossambicus are described. The liver is surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule. The hepatocyte arrangement shows as lobules, with the hepatocyte cords that radiate and anastomose from a central vein. Borders of individual liver lobules do not show clearly, as do the few triads found in the liver of O. mossambicus. Each hepatocyte contains a single round nucleus with a prominent nucleolus. The rough endoplasmic reticulum appears in two or more rows around the nuclei and in close proximity to the plastnalemma of the hepatocytes. The remaining cytoplasmic organelles are scattered throughout the hepatocyte cytoplasm. The exocrine pancreas cells are centred around the portal veins. The nuclei of these cells are spherical and hasally situated in the cubiform to cylindriform cells. Well developed rough endoplasmic reticula - vesicular, tubular and circular in appearance - as well as secretory granules, apically situated in the cells, are present.

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Fine structure of basidiospores of the cedar-apple rust fungus Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b77-124 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

pp. 1057-1063 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Charles W. Mims

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Lipid Droplets ◽

Germ Tube ◽

Rust Fungus ◽

Spore Wall ◽

Lipid Bodies ◽

Pore Region ◽

Hilar Region ◽

Endoplasmic Reticula

Each basidiospore of Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae contains many ribosomes as well as lipid droplets, mitochondria, small vesicles, endoplasmic reticula, and structures thought to be microbodies. Mature spores are either uninucleate or binucleate although larger, tetranucleate spores were occasionally observed. The spore wall appears as a thin layer except around the hilar region where two layers are evident. Germination is almost always lateral although no germ pore region was noted in the wall. Vacuolation takes place during germination and lipid bodies disappear. The wall of the germ tube arising from the spore is continuous with that of the spore. A large number of vesicles is present in the germ tube. Basidiospores may also germinate by repetition.

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Cytology and ultrastructure of Thanatephorus cucumeris and related taxa of the Rhizoctonia complex

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b77-276 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 55 (18) ◽

pp. 2419-2436 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

C. C. Tu ◽

James W. Kimbrough ◽

H. C. Aldrich

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Light Microscope ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Middle Layer ◽

Ultrastructural Level ◽

Aniline Blue ◽

Diploid Nucleus ◽

Thanatephorus Cucumeris ◽

Light Microscope Level ◽

Endoplasmic Reticula

Cytological studies on the vegetative hyphae of members of the Rhizoctonia complex and basidial structures of Thanatephorus cucumeris were performed with light and electron microscopy. Vegetative cells of Thanatephorus and Waitea proved to be multinucleate, whereas those of Uthatobasidium, Ceratobasidium, Athelia. and Botryobasidium are binucleate.Dolipore septa of Thanatephorus, Waitea, Uthatobasidium, and Ceratobasidium are visible with the light microscope when stained with aniline blue in glycerine. Ultrastructurally, pore caps in these genera consisted of two-layered unit membranes, forming cisternae with an electron-dense middle layer. Dolipore septa of Athelia (S. rolfsii) and Botryobasidium are not visible in aniline blue at the light microscope level. At the ultrastructural level, there was an additional cisternal membrane making up a pore cap of three membranes. The fine structure of nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticula, vacuoles, and other organelles in the basidial structures of T. cucumeris was essentially the same as in other basidiomycetes.Karyogamy of two haploid nuclei occurs in the young basidia of T. cucumeris. The nuclear envelopes of both haploid nuclei break at their adjacent sides and fuse to form a diploid nucleus. After a short interphase, meiosis occurs. No leptotene was observed at prophase I, but a synaptinemal complex was evident and six pairs of chromosomes were observed throughout pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis. The nuclear envelope disappears at metaphase I and a spindle appears. The second meiotic division is equational. Most of the mature and discharged spores are uninucleate.

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