scholarly journals An update on available pain medications

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Osuch ◽  
Andre Marais
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Therapy ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Pain Medications ◽  
Behavioural Factors

Pain is a complex interaction of sensory, emotional and behavioural factors. Chronic pain is among the most common reasons for seeking medical attention. In contrast to acute pain, where the goal is primary pain relief, the effective management of chronic pain is complex and not fully understood. Multimodal pain therapy is often required to treat chronic or persistent pain syndromes. These include pharmacological agents, physical interventions, behavioural changes and surgical approaches. Pharmacological interventions are the most widely used therapeutic options to treat acute and persistent pain.

Chronic pain syndromes

2018 ◽  
pp. 623-642
Author(s):  
Gavin Clunie ◽  
Nick Wilkinson ◽  
Elena Nikiphorou ◽  
Deepak R. Jadon
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Pain Medications ◽  
Cross Reference ◽  
Chronic Pain Syndromes

The Oxford Handbook of Rheumatology 4th edition, has been extensively updated to thoroughly review aspects of musculoskeletal pain. Pain pathophysiology is reviewed. Chronic pain and fibromyalgia in adults and in children and adolescents is dealt with in detail. The reader is advised to cross reference from this chapter to Chapters 1–3 in the Handbook, where regional musculoskeletal pain conditions are listed and reviewed. In localized pain syndromes, the chapter has an overview of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), which is not infrequently encountered in rheumatology and musculoskeletal clinics. Included in detail for this edition, is the assessment and management of pain in children, which is a highly specialized clinical area of medicine and will be of use to the adult rheumatologist and general practitioner as well as paediatric specialists. Readers should cross reference to Chapter 23 on medications, for ‘pain medications’ in the Handbook

scholarly journals Moving towards a molecular understanding of pain management

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
Logan Van Nynatten ◽  
Shafaz Veettil
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Prescription Opioids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Treatment ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Drug Effectiveness ◽  
Pain Medications ◽  
Great Pressure ◽  
Promising Avenue

The management of chronic pain remains a challenging area in the practise of medicine. As our population ages, the incidence and prevalence of those living with chronic pain continues to increase. Hence, there is need for methods that promote optimal pain management. One promising avenue is that of “personalized and molecular pain management”. Indeed, a variety of genetic and molecular factors have been shown to impact metabolism of narcotics, limiting drug effectiveness. Furthermore, the prominence of polypharmacy can complicate the action of pain medications. Additional laboratory and diagnostic tests may be of benefit for risk stratifying patients at high risk of abusing pain medications from those at lower risk. Combining this with physician worry of worsening the opioid addiction crisis in North America via prescribing narcotics, there remains great pressure on physicians to limit their use of narcotics. Unfortunately, this may result in patients who are suitable candidates for prescription opioids receiving inadequate pharmaceutical treatment to complement non-pharmacological interventions. Moving forward, the implementation of molecular medicine approaches to pain management may provide unique solutions to these challenges.

scholarly journals Pharmacogenomics in pain treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Peiró ◽  
Beatriz Planelles ◽  
Gabriella Juhasz ◽  
György Bagdy ◽  
Frédéric Libert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Analgesic Response

AbstractThe experience of chronic pain is one of the commonest reasons for seeking medical attention, being a major issue in clinical practice. While pain is a universal experience, only a small proportion of people who felt pain develop pain syndromes. In addition, painkillers are associated with wide inter-individual variability in the analgesic response. This may be partly explained by the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding molecular entities involved in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. However, uptake of this information has been slow due in large part to the lack of robust evidences demonstrating clinical utility. Furthermore, novel therapies, including targeting of epigenetic changes and gene therapy-based approaches are further broadening future options for the treatment of chronic pain. The aim of this article is to review the evidences behind pharmacogenetics (PGx) to individualize therapy (boosting the efficacy and minimizing potential toxicity) and genes implicated in pain medicine, in two parts: (i) genetic variability with pain sensitivity and analgesic response; and (ii) pharmacological concepts applied on PGx.

scholarly journals Guidelines for Medical Board Investigators and Consultants Dealing with Distressed Pain Medicine Practices

2005 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
David G. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Addiction Medicine ◽  
Narcotic Analgesics ◽  
Medical Board ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Pain Medications ◽  
Severe Chronic Pain ◽  
Unit Dose

ABSTRACT During the past decade, the federal government has approved the development and marketing of powerful oral and transdermal narcotic preparations whose unit dose amounts often contain a much greater amount of active ingredient than ever previously allowed in a single dose of such medication. Although these changes have been beneficial in allowing patients suffering from severe chronic pain syndromes to have better access to higher doses of narcotic analgesics, in a minority of cases substance abusing and drug diverting patients have contributed to increases in their own and the public’s morbidity and mortality. Medical and other related regulatory boards have experienced significant difficulties in adapting their regulatory activities to recent increases in the prescribing of high unit dose narcotic preparations. Complicating this problem is the fact that the vast majority of practicing physicians have had little or no formal training in the fields of chronic pain or addiction medicine; and that most physicians completed their training long before the fairly recent approval and marketing of high dosage narcotic medications. These and other factors can contribute to dangerous prescribing practices. The author wishes to assist medical board staff in conducting thorough, consistent and fair investigations of cases involving suspected inappropriate prescribing of chronic pain medications. The attempt has been made to provide a possible approach for adjudicating board members that incorporates accepted modern methods for the compassionate diagnosis, treatment and ongoing monitoring of chronic pain patients that also serves to protect patients, the public, prescribing physicians and the regulatory boards.

Clinical Profiles of Patients with Chronic Pain Syndromes of Lumbosacral Localization

TRAUMA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
V.I. Romanenko ◽  
I.V. Romanenko ◽  
Yu.I. Romanenko
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Clinical Profiles ◽  
Chronic Pain Syndromes

scholarly journals Prospects for the Personalized Multimodal Therapy Approach to Pain Management via Action on NO and NOS

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Shnayder ◽  
Marina M. Petrova ◽  
Tatiana E. Popova ◽  
Tatiana K. Davidova ◽  
Olga P. Bobrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Nos Inhibitors ◽  
Peripheral Pain

Chronic pain syndromes are an important medical problem generated by various molecular, genetic, and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Back pain, neuropathic pain, and posttraumatic pain are the most important pathological processes associated with chronic pain in adults. Standard approaches to the treatment of them do not solve the problem of pain chronicity. This is the reason for the search for new personalized strategies for the prevention and treatment of chronic pain. The nitric oxide (NO) system can play one of the key roles in the development of peripheral pain and its chronicity. The purpose of the study is to review publications devoted to changes in the NO system in patients with peripheral chronical pain syndromes. We have carried out a search for the articles published in e-Library, PubMed, Oxford Press, Clinical Case, Springer, Elsevier, and Google Scholar databases. The search was carried out using keywords and their combinations. The role of NO and NO synthases (NOS) isoforms in peripheral pain development and chronicity was demonstrated primarily from animal models to humans. The most studied is the neuronal NOS (nNOS). The role of inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) is still under investigation. Associative genetic studies have shown that single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3 genes encoding nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS may be associated with acute and chronic peripheral pain. Prospects for the use of NOS inhibitors to modulate the effect of drugs used to treat peripheral pain syndrome are discussed. Associative genetic studies of SNVs NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3 genes are important for understanding genetic predictors of peripheral pain chronicity and development of new personalized pharmacotherapy strategies.

Radiotherapy-Specific Chronic Pain Syndromes in the Cancer Population: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Karri ◽  
Laura Lachman ◽  
Alex Hanania ◽  
Anuj Marathe ◽  
Mani Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Chronic Pain Syndromes
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document