scholarly journals The Job Demands–Resources model: Challenges for future research

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Demerouti ◽  
Arnold B. Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Safety Climate ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Value Add ◽  
And Performance

Motivation: The motivation of this overview is to present the state of the art of Job Demands–Resources (JD–R) model whilst integrating the various contributions to the special issue.Research purpose: To provide an overview of the JD–R model, which incorporates many possible working conditions and focuses on both negative and positive indicators of employee well-being. Moreover, the studies of the special issue were introduced.Research design: Qualitative and quantitative studies on the JD–R model were reviewed to enlighten the health and motivational processes suggested by the model.Main findings: Next to the confirmation of the two suggested processes of the JD–R model, the studies of the special issue showed that the model can be used to predict work-place bullying, incidences of upper respiratory track infection, work-based identity, and early retirement intentions. Moreover, whilst psychological safety climate could be considered as a hypothetical precursor of job demands and resources, compassion satisfaction moderated the health process of the model.Contribution/value-add: The findings of previous studies and the studies of the special issue were integrated in the JD–R model that can be used to predict well-being and performance at work. New avenues for future research were suggested.Practical/managerial implications: The JD–R model is a framework that can be used for organisations to improve employee health and motivation, whilst simultaneously improving various organisational outcomes.

scholarly journals Integrating psychosocial safety climate in the JD-R model: A study amongst Malaysian workers

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd A. Idris ◽  
Maureen F. Dollard ◽  
Anthony H. Winefield
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Safety Climate ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Job Demands And Resources

Orientation: Job characteristics are well accepted as sources of burnout and engagement amongst employees; psychosocial safety climate may precede work conditions.Research purpose: We expanded the Job Demands and Resources (JD-R) model by proposing psychosocial safety climate (PSC) as a precursor to job demands and job resources. As PSC theoretically influences the working environment, the study hypothesized that PSC has an impact on performance via both health erosion (i.e. burnout) and motivational pathways (i.e. work engagement).Motivation for the study: So far, integration of PSC in the JD-R model is only tested in a Western context (i.e. Australia). We tested the emerging construct of PSC in Malaysia, an Eastern developing country in the Asian region.Research design, approach and method: A random population based sample was derived using household maps provided by Department of Statistics, Malaysia; 291 employees (response rate 50.52%) from the State of Selangor, Malaysia participated. Cross-sectional data were analysed using structural equation modelling.Main findings: We found that PSC was negatively related to job demands and positively related to job resources. Job demands, in turn, predicted burnout (i.e. exhaustion and cynicism), whereas job resources predicted engagement. Both burnout and engagement were associated with performance. Bootstrapping showed significant indirect effects of PSC on burnout via job demands, PSC on performance via burnout and PSC on performance via the resources-engagement pathway.Practical/managerial implications: Our findings are consistent with previous research that suggests that PSC should be a target to improve working conditions and in turn reduce burnout and improve engagement and productivity.Contribution/value-add: These findings suggest that JD-R theory may be expanded to include PSC as an antecedent and that the expanded JD-R model is largely valid in an Eastern, developing economy setting.

scholarly journals A group processes approach to antiscience beliefs and endorsement of “alternative facts”

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-517
Author(s):  
Bastiaan T. Rutjens ◽  
Sander van der Linden ◽  
Romy van der Lee ◽  
Natalia Zarzeczna
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Alternative Facts ◽  
Intragroup Processes ◽  
Group Identities

The global spread of antiscience beliefs, misinformation, fake news, and conspiracy theories is posing a threat to the well-being of individuals and societies worldwide. Accordingly, research on why people increasingly doubt science and endorse “alternative facts” is flourishing. Much of this work has focused on identifying cognitive biases and individual differences. Importantly, however, the reasons that lead people to question mainstream scientific findings and share misinformation are also inherently tied to social processes that emerge out of divisive commitments to group identities and worldviews. In this special issue, we focus on the important and thus far neglected role of group processes in motivating science skepticism. The articles that feature in this special issue cover three core areas: the group-based roots of antiscience attitudes; the intergroup dynamics between science and conspiratorial thinking; and finally, insights about science denial related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Across all articles, we highlight the role of worldviews, identities, norms, religion, and other inter- and intragroup processes that shape antiscientific attitudes. We hope that this collection will inspire future research endeavors that take a group processes approach to the social psychological study of science skepticism.

Work Design in the Contemporary Era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Knight ◽  
Sabreen Kaur ◽  
Sharon K. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Work Motivation ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Design ◽  
Good Work ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
And Performance

Work design refers to the roles, responsibilities, and work tasks that comprise an individual’s job and how they are structured and organized. Good work design is created by jobs high in characteristics such as autonomy, social support, and feedback, and moderate in job demands such as workload, role ambiguity, and role conflict. Established research shows good work design is associated with work outcomes such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work safety, and job performance. Poor work design is characterized by roles that are low in job resources and/or overly high in job demands, and has been linked to poor health and well-being, absenteeism, and poor performance. Work design in the 20th century was characterized by traditional theories focusing on work motivation, well-being, and performance. Motivational and stress theories of work design were later integrated, and work characteristics were expanded to include a whole variety of task, knowledge, social, and work-context characteristics as well as demands, better reflecting contemporary jobs. In the early 21st century, relational theories flourished, focusing on the social and prosocial aspects of work. The role of work design on learning and cognition was also recognized, with benefits for creativity and performance. Work design is affected by many factors, including individual traits, organizational factors, national factors, and global factors. Managers may impact employees’ work design “top-down” by changing policies and procedures, while individuals may change their own work design “bottom-up” through “job crafting.” In the contemporary era, technology and societal factors play an important role in how work is changing. Information and communication technology has enabled remote working and collaboration across time and space, with positive implications for efficiency and flexibility, but potentially also increasing close monitoring and isolation. Automation has led to daily interaction with technologies like robots, algorithms, and artificial intelligence, which can influence autonomy, job complexity, social interaction, and job demands in different ways, ultimately impacting how motivating jobs are. Given the rapidly changing nature of work, it is critical that managers and organizations adopt a human-centered approach to designing work, with managers sensitive to the positive and negative implications of contemporary work on employees’ work design, well-being, and performance. Further research is needed to understand the multitude of multilevel factors influencing work design, how work can be redesigned to optimize technology and worker motivation, and the shorter- and longer-term processes linking work design to under-researched outcomes like identity, cognition, and learning. Overall, the aim is to create high-quality contemporary work in which all individuals can thrive.

scholarly journals Transformative consumer research: Its origins and possible enrichment of the field of consumer research in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leona M. Ungerer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Consumer Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Additional Approach ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Transformative Consumer Research

Orientation: This article provides a rationale for considering transformative consumer research as a research approach for investigating the relationship between consumption and consumers’ well-being in South Africa.Research purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the principles underlying transformative consumer research, including how it differs from traditional research methods and pointing out some established research areas in this field.Motivation for the study: Apart from pointing to a lack of literature, this article highlights the relevance of this approach for emerging countries by investigating the principles and practices embedded in transformative consumer research. It provides some indication of how an investigation of these areas may contribute to enhancing the relevance of consumer research to its various stakeholders.Research design, approach and method: The author used a literature review to conduct the study.Main findings: It appears that consumer research currently lacks external and internal relevance. A transformative consumer-research approach may address some of the fundamental problems in the way consumer psychologists plan and conduct their research, contributing to this lack of relevance.Practical/managerial implications: Most stages of the traditional research approach may need to be adapted for transformative research purposes. Some approaches appear particularly suited to transformative consumer research, including revelatory, incendiary, policy, participatory and coalition research. Contribution/value-add: This study’s primary contribution stems from suggesting a rather novel additional approach to enhance the relevance of consumer research in South Africa, pointing out some established practices in the field of transformative consumer research and suggesting how they may augment consumer research in South Africa.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF LEADERSHIP ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1044-1095
Author(s):  
Can ERERDİ ◽  
Esra ÜNLÜASLAN DURGUN
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Leadership Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
And Performance

In the last few years, due to the surge in the attention towards leadership and the lack of a review mapping the effects of leadership on organizational performance, we believe its coherent to provide a clear review on leadership and how it affects organizational performance. This paper aims to review empirical studies on leadership and organizational performance with the aim of constructing a comprehensive model to conceptualize existing literature. The authors reviewed main journals with impact factor of over 2 and all Leadership titled SSCI journals. As a result, 687 studies published between 1957 and 2017 were analyzed, out of which 486 met the criteria of being empirical studies on leadership and performance. Out of the 486, 20 articles used Organizational Performance as their dependent variable, thus were included in our model. In doing so, the authors aim to extend the field in three ways: First, based on their review, the authors mapped a comprehensive model of the effects of leadership style and leadership characteristics through moderators and organizational mediators on organizational performance. Second, the authors, through vigorous examination, display and evaluate existing variables and measures on leadership and organizational performance within the literature. Finally, the authors aim to contribute to the field by presenting a detailed future research agenda and practical considerations for managerial implications.

Introduction to Special Issue Financial and life instability: Obstacles to and opportunities for emerging adult development and future well-being

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-442
Author(s):  
Margherita Lanz ◽  
Joyce Serido
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Financial Instability ◽  
Special Issue

Current global economic instability has exacerbated the challenges of contemporary emerging adulthood and increased the urgency of examining financial instability as a life condition during this life stage. For this special issue, we assembled eight papers from different countries to examine how emerging adults are navigating financial instability. In the current introduction to the special issue, we identified the main themes that emerged from the collected studies: the role of family, emerging adults’ financial self-agency, financial disruptions and wellbeing, and the processes linking financial factors and positive development. Overall, these studies demonstrate that while the overall processes linking finances and development may be similar in different nations, the specificity of each context highlights the need to consider the important role of cultural norms and attitudes. We conclude this introduction, suggesting future research paths and implications for educators and practitioners that provide financial educators programs.

Looking Forward: Research to Respond to a Rapidly Aging Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Charlie Lakin ◽  
Meghan M. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
End Of Life Issues ◽  
Services And Supports ◽  
Growing Population

People aging with severe disabilities face many age- and disability-related challenges that are shared with a range of family members and other caregivers. Although these challenges are often exacerbated by substantial physical, cognitive, communication, health, and other impairments associated with severe disabilities, thematically, they are often similar to the challenges faced by other older persons as they navigate the aging process. These themes include (a) planning for a desired post–working years lifestyle, (b) identifying and securing services and supports that accommodate disability, (c) sustaining the support of family and friends, (d) maintaining optimal health, (e) dealing with grief and end-of-life issues, and (f) avoiding loneliness and isolation. Using these themes, this final article reviews the findings of the articles in this special issue as well as other related studies to suggest potentially fruitful directions in future research to contribute to the well-being of the rapidly growing population of persons aging with severe disabilities.

scholarly journals A review of four decades of research in organisational career psychology by academia in South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dries Schreuder ◽  
Melinde Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Career Interventions ◽  
Career Psychology ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Career Research

Orientation: Career research in organisations has increased in importance since the 1970s, which heralded new directions for organisational career research and practice both globally and nationally. Research purpose: The study critically reviewed trends in organisational career psychology research in South Africa from 1970 to 2011 in terms of global and present national challenges that require empirical investigation in the contemporary South African world of work context.Motivation for the study: The increasingly complex contexts, in which people have been pursuing their careers since the catalytic 1970s, demand the continuous generation and development of knowledge for the benefit of the discipline and practice of careers.Research design, approach and method: A broad systematic review was carried out to analyse documented academia research (N = 110) on careers from 1970 to 2011, which was published in six accredited South African scientific journals.Main findings: Much of the research addressed issues pertaining to career theory and concepts, the world of work and career assessment and technology. Career development, professional issues and organisational career interventions in the multi-cultural South African context appear to be under-researched.Practical/managerial implications: The insight derived from the findings can be employed by academia and researchers, in this field, to plan future research initiatives that will contribute to the profession and practice of career guidance and counselling in the contemporary workplace.Contribution/value-add: The findings provide preliminary insight that adds to the body of knowledge concerned with career studies in the South African organisational context.

scholarly journals Job passion in the context of green restaurant: Environmental stewardship orientation and job autonomy as antecedents

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Ching-Fu Chen ◽  
Shu-Chuan Chen ◽  
Pei-Shan Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Stewardship ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Job Autonomy ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
And Performance

Job passion has recently gained increasing attention, as it is crucial to employee well-being and performance. To simultaneously highlight the current trends with regard to environmental issues and organizational psychology, this article investigates the potential antecedents (i.e. environmental stewardship orientation (ESO) and job autonomy) and consequences (i.e. job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and intention to leave) of harmonious job passion among employees working in green restaurants in Taiwan. Data collected from 299 valid samples were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that employees’ ESO and perceived job autonomy positively affect their harmonious job passion. Besides, employees with harmonious job passion may have positive job- and life-related outcomes, including high job and life satisfaction, and low intention to leave. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed, and directions for future research are identified.

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