Civil construction work: The unseen contributor to the occupational and global disease burden

Depression is a common and severe neuropsychiatric disorder that is one of the leading causes of global disease burden. Although various anti-depressants are currently available, their efficacies are barely adequate and many have side effects. Hericium erinaceus, also known as Lion’s mane mushroom, has been shown to have various health benefits, including antioxidative, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. It has been used to treat cognitive impairment, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Bioactive compounds extracted from the mycelia and fruiting bodies of H. erinaceus have been found to promote the expression of neurotrophic factors that are associated with cell proliferation such as nerve growth factors. Although antidepressant effects of H. erinaceus have not been validated and compared to the conventional antidepressants, based on the neurotrophic and neurogenic pathophysiology of depression, H. erinaceus may be a potential alternative medicine for the treatment of depression. This article critically reviews the current literature on the potential benefits of H. erinaceus as a treatment for depressive disorder as well as its mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like activities.

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Could Globalisation be Good for World Health?

Global Justice : Theory Practice Rhetoric ◽

10.21248/gjn.1.0.5 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Pogge

Keyword(s):

Disease Burden ◽

Pharmaceutical Innovation ◽

World Health ◽

Medical Treatments ◽

Alternative Scheme ◽

International Patent ◽

Good For ◽

The Impact ◽

Perverse Effect ◽

Global Disease Burden

Every day thousands of people die from poverty-related causes. Many of these deaths could be avoided if appropriate medical treatments were available to the world’s poor. Due to the current tructure of the international patent regime, they are not. Since the risks and costs associated with pharmaceutical innovation are extremely high, to incentivise research, inventor firms are granted a temporary monopoly over newly invented drugs. While allowing firms to make up for the costs of research, this has the morally perverse effect of raising the prices of pharmaceuticals to a level where they become unaffordable to the world’s poor. To correct this grievous flaw, the paper proposes a concrete and realistic alternative scheme which, by rewarding medical innovators in proportion to the impact of their drugs on the global disease burden, would incentivise the production and selling of crucial drugs for the world’s poor at prices accessible to them.

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Reducing greenhouse emissions could cut global disease burden by 25%

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.b1092 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 338 (mar16 2) ◽

pp. b1092-b1092 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. O'Dowd

Keyword(s):

Disease Burden ◽

Greenhouse Emissions ◽

Global Disease Burden

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Harmful Drinking and Alcohol Dependence

InnovAiT Education and inspiration for general practice ◽

10.1093/innovait/inr143 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 640-650 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Angela Robinson

Keyword(s):

Disease Burden ◽

Adult Population ◽

Well Being ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Primary Care Population ◽

Harmful Alcohol ◽

Actual Harm ◽

Health And Well Being ◽

Global Disease Burden ◽

Alcohol Dependent

Consumption of alcohol has been an integral part of society since Neolithic times. Harmful alcohol use accounts for 4% of the total global disease burden. The annual estimated cost to the National Health Service (NHS) alone is £2.7 billion. Around 24% of the adult population in UK consumes alcohol to levels that are associated with potential or actual harm to their health and well-being, while 9% of men and 4% of women aged 16–74 years are alcohol dependent. This article seeks to address the identification, assessment and evidence-based management of harmful and dependent drinkers in the adult primary care population.

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Global disease burden of conditions requiring emergency surgery (Br J Surg2014; 101: e9-e22)

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1002/bjs.9376 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. e23-e23 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. T. Petroze

Keyword(s):

Emergency Surgery ◽

Disease Burden ◽

Global Disease Burden

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Aspergillus sensitization in bronchial asthma: A separate phenotype

Allergy and Asthma Proceedings ◽

10.2500/aap.2020.41.190008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. e26-e32 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T. V. Rajagopal ◽

Surya Kant ◽

S. K. Verma ◽

R. A. S. Kushwaha ◽

Santosh Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bronchial Asthma ◽

Disease Burden ◽

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Atopic Asthma ◽

Skin Reactions ◽

Positive Skin ◽

Starting Point ◽

Global Disease Burden ◽

Fungal Sensitization

Background: Bronchial asthma is one of the common chronic respiratory illnesses worldwide, with a global disease burden that affects approximately 300 million individuals. It affects 5-10% of the population in developed countries. India constitutes approximately one-tenth of the global disease burden, where an estimated 7 million children are affected by this illness. Airway hyperresponsiveness or bronchial hyperreactivity in asthma is an exaggerated response to numerous exogenous and endogenous stimuli. In India, the most important endogenous stimuli is considered to be fungal antigens from the genus, Aspergillus. Positive skin reactions to Aspergillus fumigatus among individuals with atopic asthma is 10 to 20%; however, a causal relationship is yet to be established. A separate entity, termed “severe asthma with fungal sensitivity,” is often used to describe milder allergic reactions to fungal aeroallergens that has fungal sensitization as the starting point of pathogenesis than allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Methods: A total of 57 patients with bronchial asthma were prospectively enrolled and evaluated for Aspergillus sensitization and its impact on asthma control. Results: Symptoms were well controlled in a majority of patients (57.89%) and partly controlled in 14.04%. Uncontrolled symptoms were observed in only 28.07% of patients. The proportion of patients with uncontrolled symptoms was higher among patients who were sensitized (45.00%) compared with patients who were not sensitized (18.92%). The proportion of patients with well-controlled symptoms was higher in individuals who were not sensitized compared with individuals who were sensitized (62.16% versus 50.00%). Conclusion: The severity of asthma was associated with fungal sensitization, with sensitization to Aspergillus as a part of the pathogenesis. Aspergillus sensitization is significantly associated with bronchiectasis, even in the absence of clinical features.

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Diseases due to unhealthy environments: an updated estimate of the global burden of disease attributable to environmental determinants of health

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdw085 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 464-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

A. Prüss-Ustün ◽

J. Wolf ◽

C. Corvalán ◽

T. Neville ◽

R. Bos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burden Of Disease ◽

Disease Burden ◽

Environmental Risks ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Intersectoral Collaboration ◽

Global Burden ◽

Potential Health ◽

Life Years ◽

Comparative Risk ◽

Global Disease Burden

Abstract Background The update of the global burden of disease attributable to the environment is presented. The study focuses on modifiable risks to show the potential health impact from environmental interventions. Methods Systematic literature reviews on 133 diseases and injuries were performed. Comparative risk assessments were complemented by more limited epidemiological estimates, expert opinion and information on disease transmission pathways. Population attributable fractions were used to calculate global deaths and global disease burden from environmental risks. Results Twenty-three percent (95% CI: 13–34%) of global deaths and 22% (95% CI: 13–32%) of global disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were attributable to environmental risks in 2012. Sixty-eight percent of deaths and 56% of DALYs could be estimated with comparative risk assessment methods. The global disease burden attributable to the environment is now dominated by noncommunicable diseases. Susceptible ages are children under five and adults between 50 and 75 years. Country level data are presented. Conclusions Nearly a quarter of global disease burden could be prevented by reducing environmental risks. This analysis confirms that eliminating hazards and reducing environmental risks will greatly benefit our health, will contribute to attaining the recently agreed Sustainable Development Goals and will systematically require intersectoral collaboration to be successful.

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The evaluation of potential global morbidity attributable to intestinal nematode infections

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000078410 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 109 (3) ◽

pp. 373-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 159

Author(s):

M. S. Chan ◽

G. F. Medley ◽

D. Jamison ◽

D. A. P. Bundy

Keyword(s):

Spatial Heterogeneity ◽

Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽

Worm Burden ◽

Disease Burden ◽

Trichuris Trichiura ◽

Intensity Of Infection ◽

Intestinal Nematode ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Global Disease Burden

SummaryThis paper presents a method of estimating the potential global morbidity due to human intestinal nematode infections (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms), based on the observed prevalence of infection. The method relies on the observed relationships between prevalence and intensity of infection, and between worm burden and potential morbidity. This approach is shown to be sensitive to the precision of the original prevalence estimates and, in particular, to the degree of spatial heterogeneity in levels of infection. The estimates presented here indicate that several tens of millions of children are likely to suffer developmental consequences from infection, and suggest that the global disease burden of geohelminthiasis may be significantly greater than was supposed.

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