Cattle dung is used as organic fertilizer and alternative source of fuel or biogas but could also be a source of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. This study isolated, identified and assessed antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria from cattle dung and its contaminated soil. Bacteria isolation and identification were based on standard techniques while hemolytic activity was used to confirm potential pathogenic bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolated pathogens were assayed by disk diffusion method. Among isolated bacteria, Staphylococcus spp had highest occurrence of 23.8 % while Micrococcus spp was the least at 1.3 %. Hemolytic bacteria isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (16.5 %), Bacillus spp (17.4 %), Nocardia spp (4.6 %), Escherichia coli (29.4 %), Pseudomonas spp (13.8 %), Serratia marcersens (2.8 %) and Salmonella spp (15.6 %). High resistance (100 %) against Ampiclox (30 µg) was observed in all Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spp isolates while Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates showed 100 % resistance to Ofloxacin (30 µg). Most Gram-positive bacterial isolates were majorly resistant to Beta lactams while Gram negative bacteria were resistant to Fluoroquinolones antibiotics. Multiple antibiotics resistant index (MARI) was measured at greater than 0.2, and was observed in 71.5 % of the hemolytic pathogens. Antibiotics resistance in hemolytic bacterial pathogens from this study is indicative of environmental sources of antibiotic resistance and possible adverse effects on human health.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Adult Patients with Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in Intensive Care Units in a Tertiary Care Hospital
