scholarly journals Environmental factors other than iodine deficiency in the pathogenesis of endemic goiter in the basin of river Ganga and Bay of Bengal, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
AmarK Chandra ◽  
Arijit Debnath ◽  
Smritiratan Tripathy ◽  
Haimanti Goswami ◽  
Chiranjit Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
River Ganga

Iodized salt prophylaxis of endemic goiter: an experience in Toscana (Italy)

1993 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Aghini-Lombardi ◽  
A Pinchera ◽  
L Antonangeli ◽  
T Rago ◽  
GF Fenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Goiter Prevalence ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Legislative Measures

It is well established that iodine supplementation is effective in correcting iodine deficiency and reducing goiter prevalence. In Italy, legislation has allowed the production of iodized salt since 1972, but its consumption is on a voluntary basis. In the present study, the efficacy of legislative measures that made compulsory the availability of iodized salt in foodstores has been evaluated. Urinary iodine excretion and thyroid size, scored according to Pan American Health Organization recommendations, were determined prior to (1981) and 10 years after (1991) the introduction of legislative measures in the whole schoolchildren population residing in a restricted area of the Tuscan Appennines. Moreover, in 1991, thyroid volume was determined by ultrasonography. In 1981, mean urinary iodine excretion was 47.1±22.4 mg/kg creatinine (0.412 μmol/l) and goiter prevalence was 60%, indicating a moderate iodine deficiency. Eighty of the families subsequently used iodized salt on a regular basis; as a result of this excellent compliance, in 1991 the mean urinary iodine excretion increased to 129.7±73 mg/kg creatinine (1.24 μmol/l) and goiter prevalence dropped to 8.1%. The results of this study underline the effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis in correcting iodine deficiency and abating endemic goiter in schoolchildren, and suggest that implementation of measures that make compulsory the availability of iodized salt in foodstores overcomes the fact that there is no law governing the exclusive production and trading of iodized salt.

scholarly journals Analysis of current recommendations and criteria of the world health organization for the assessment of iodine deficiency conditions

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
E. P. Kasatkina ◽  
D. E. Shilin ◽  
G. V. Ibragimova ◽  
M. I. Pykov ◽  
G. A. Ryumin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Thyroid Abnormalities ◽  
Dose Radiation

The incidence of endemic goiter in the Orel district of Russia has been studied in order to assess the informative value of the new WHO classification for identification of iodine deficiencies (1994). A total of 2103 children living in three rural regions, two of which were polluted with low-dose radiation after the Chernobyl accident, have been examined in 1992-1996. The incidence of goiter and thyroid dysfunction in the newborns corresponded to grave endemia, and the median of blood thyroglobulin was moderately increased in the region with the highest pollution (5 to 15 Ci/km2 for 127Cs), characterized by a slight iodine deficiency. In a less contaminated region (1 to 5 Ci/km2) with a similar level of iodine deficiency, incidence of goiter, and median of blood thyroglobulin the incidence of thyroid dysfunction in the newborns was moderate. In a pure region, despite a more evident iodine deficit and a compatible increase of the median of blood thyroglobulin, the incidence of endemic goiter and thyroid dysfunction of the newborns was the minimal. Hence, the values of the analyzed iodine deficit indicators did not correlate with the actual iodine deficiency in all the regions examined. These differences suggest a possible contribution of strumogenic factors other than iodine deficit to the formation of goiter endemia in the examined district. The detection of these factors in the environment is needed for objective evaluation of the causes and severity of the endemic process and for the development of differentiated approaches to the prevention and treatment of thyroid abnormalities in the population exposed to radiation.

scholarly journals Iodine deficiency conditions in the Tukayevsky District of Tatarstan

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-377
Author(s):  
Z. M. Zakirov ◽  
R. M. Kharisova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Irreversible Brain Damage ◽  
Intellectual Potential

Iodine is a micronutrient: the daily requirement is 100-200 mcg. The most obvious manifestation of iodine deficiency is endemic goiter. Iodine deficiency increases the frequency of congenital hypothyroidism and leads to irreversible brain damage in the fetus and newborn. In addition to pronounced forms of mental retardation, iodine deficiency causes a decrease in the intellectual potential of the entire population living in an area of iodine deficiency.

Iodine deficiency diseases in children and adolescents (plenary lecture)

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Kasatkina
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
Plenary Lecture ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Deficiency Diseases

The main consequence of iodine deficiency in the environment is the development of goiter in people living in iodine-deficient regions (endemic goiter). In this regard, for a long time it was considered that goiter is the only manifestation of this condition. It has now been proven that, in addition to goiter, iodine deficiency also has other adverse effects on human health. In 1983, the term "endemic goiter" was replaced by the term  "iodine deficiency diseases" (IDD). These diseases are caused by a decrease in the functional activity of the thyroid gland in response to iodine deficiency.

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