Study of antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella typhi in children suffering from enteric fever

Enteric fever continues to be a major global public health problem, predominantly in the developing countries, including Bangladesh. Mortality rates due to enteric fever can be reduced from 30% to <1% by providing effective antimicrobial therapy which is facing challenges due to emerging antimicrobial resistance. The changing trend of antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Enteric fever from pre-antibiotic era through susceptible antibiotics, then multidrug resistance (MDREF) followed by re-emergence of sensitivity to some older resistant antibiotics pose therapeutic challenges for the physicians. The purpose of this review article is to compare the antibiogram of Salmonella isolates of different recent studies and analyzing the changing trend of antibiotic resistance pattern for further successful management. This may also enable planning of antibiotic recycling wherever feasible. J MEDICINE JAN 2020; 21 (1) : 51-54

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Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella isolates from enteric fever suspected patients

Access Microbiology ◽

10.1099/acmi.ac2019.po0061 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1A) ◽

Author(s):

Bijayata Shrestha ◽

Gita Sayami ◽

Sarita Manandhar ◽

Santosh Khanal

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Enteric Fever ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

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Epidemiological fectors and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella spp

IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases ◽

10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2021.030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 137-140

Author(s):

Alpa Patel ◽

Nirmal Choraria

Keyword(s):

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Enteric Fever ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Periodic Evaluation ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

serovars Typhi and Paratyphi are known to cause enteric fever. Multidrug resistance in and has emerged as a cause of concern. To evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella enteric serovar Typhi () and obtained from blood culture.: All isolates obtained from blood cultures of clinically suspected cases of enteric fever coming to microbiology laboratory, Nirmal hospital, from January 2015 to September 2017 were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined using commercial antimicrobial disks chloramphenicol (30 μg), nalidixic acid (30 μg), ampicillin (10 μg), azithromycin (15 μg), cotrimoxazole (1.25/23.75 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), and ceftriaxone (30 μg). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines of respective year by KirbyBauer disc diffusion method.: Total 330 isolates of salmonella are there out of that 298 is . 32 are Salmonella para A, while 1 is of Salmonella para B. Enteric fever cases pick month are April, May, June and July. Sensitivity to first line drugs are > 80%, Nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella (NARS) are 79%, while Multi drug resistant (resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole all three)Salmonella are 3%.: Periodic evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern is necessary to see changing pattern of antibiotics. Evaluation of Nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella and periodic evaluation of multi drug resistant Salmonella is also important as emergence of MDR strain is observed in our study.

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Etiology of bloodstream infection and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v7i2.13444 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 71-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Prashubha Bhandari ◽

Sarita Manandhar ◽

Basudha Shrestha ◽

Nabeen Dulal

Keyword(s):

Bloodstream Infection ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Gram Negative

Background: Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a signifi cant cause of morbidity and mortality. In Nepal, very few studies on BSIs have restricted the understanding of their cause, prevention and treatment. This cross-sectional study was conducted to isolate BSIs causing pathogens and determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in patients visiting Kathmandu ModelHospital during December 2012 to May 2013.Materials and Methods: Standard laboratory procedure was used to screen, isolate and identify the bacteria from 1,205 patients. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern (AST) was analyzed by modifi ed Kirby Bauer technique and data were analyzed using SPSS version-16.Results: Out of 1,205 blood samples, 186 (15.4 %) were culture positive. The most common bacteria isolated were: Salmonella spp., Escherichiacoli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and CoNS. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant causes of BSIs. Salmonella Typhi was isolated in 71 % cases of bloodstream infection followed by Salmonella Paratyphi A in 16 %, Escherichia coli in 5.3 % and Klebsiella pneumonia in 0.5 %. The gram-positive organism responsible for causing BSI was coagulase-negative staphylococcus in 7 % cases. There was no significant association between bacteremia and gender of the patients. During ASTs, Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to Chloramphenicol with only 0.5 % resistivity. Salmonella Typhi (85.6 % of isolates) showed resistance to Nalidixic acid. Gram-positive bacteria showed 100 % sensitivity towards Chloramphenicol and Gentamicin and were least sensitive to Amoxicillin.Conclusion: Salmonella spp., was major cause of BSIs. Increase in antibiotic resistivity for BSI causing pathogens has necessitated continuous monitoring of the susceptibility of organisms towards antibiotics.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 71-75

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Antibiotic sensitivity pattern in culture positive typhoid fever cases isolated at Patan hospital

Journal of Pathology of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpn.v9i1.23348 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1450-1452

Author(s):

Sanjay Kumar Shrestha ◽

Shova Basnet

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

National Committee ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽

High Degree

Background: Enteric fever is one of the most common systemic infections of developing countries like Nepal. The changing trend of antibiotic susceptibility and increasing rate of resistance to the commonly used antibiotics has been of great concern in the proper treatment and prevention of this disease. This study aims to investigate the current antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi A and B. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at Patan hospital of Lalitpur, Nepal from ____ to -------. Blood culture sample were collected from suspected patients presenting to different departments of the hospital and tested microbiologically by standard procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method and results were interpreted by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory (NCCLS) guidelines. Results: Out of the total sample of 212, 40(18.8%) cases were isolated as Salmonella species. Out of these, 29(72.5%) cases were S typhi and 11(27.5%) were S paratyphi. Isolates were mainly from adult age group. Regarding the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, the sensitivity to chloramphenicol was 95% and to cotrimoxazole 97% whereas the sensitivity to ciprofloxacin was 52.5% and 27.5% for Ofloxacin. Nalidixic Acid Resistance Salmonella typhi strain was 60.0 percent. Sensitivity to ceftriaxone, meropenem and colistin was found to be 100 percent. Conclusions: A high degree of variability is seen in antimicrobial sensitivity pattern with very high degree of sensitivity to the historically used antibiotics like chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole. Unfortunately, sensitivity to quinolones was seen to be very low, which were used widely in the last two decades.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Nalidixic Acid Resistant Salmonella Isolates in Shree Birendra Hospital Chhauni

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3126/tujm.v4i0.21669 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 11-14

Author(s):

Dhirendra Kunwar ◽

Sabita Bhatta ◽

Raina Chaudhary ◽

Komal Raj Rijal

Keyword(s):

Blood Sample ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Culture Positive

Objectives: This study was aimed to know the prevalence of Nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Methods: A total of 4619 febrile patients suspecting the cases of typhoid fever by clinician, attending at Shree Birendra hospital during May- November 2013 were subjected to culture. Blood sample (5ml) was collected from the suspected cases and inoculated immediately into 45ml of Brain heart infusion broth (BHI) and further processed for the identification of Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi isolates were determined by the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Out of 4619 blood sample, 8.7% (n= 403) sample were culture positive. Among culture positive, 66.3%(n=267) cases were S. Typhi, 26.1% (n=105) cases were S. Paratyphi and 7.7% (n=31) were other than Salmonella isolates respectively. Out of 372 Salmonella isolates, most of the S. Typhi isolates i.e. 95.51%(n=255) and S. Paratyphi isolates i.e. 97.14%(n=102) are highly resistant to nalidixic acid. Most of these isolates were also found resistant to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin.Conclusion: Therefore, screening of nalidixic acid susceptibility might be done prior to prescribe the drug for the treatment of enteric fever.

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