scholarly journals Changing trend of antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Enteric Fever: What is Next?

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
HAM Nazmul Ahasan ◽  
Homayra Tahseen Hossain ◽  
Ishrat Binte Reza
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Changing Trend ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Enteric fever continues to be a major global public health problem, predominantly in the developing countries, including Bangladesh. Mortality rates due to enteric fever can be reduced from 30% to <1% by providing effective antimicrobial therapy which is facing challenges due to emerging antimicrobial resistance. The changing trend of antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Enteric fever from pre-antibiotic era through susceptible antibiotics, then multidrug resistance (MDREF) followed by re-emergence of sensitivity to some older resistant antibiotics pose therapeutic challenges for the physicians. The purpose of this review article is to compare the antibiogram of Salmonella isolates of different recent studies and analyzing the changing trend of antibiotic resistance pattern for further successful management. This may also enable planning of antibiotic recycling wherever feasible. J MEDICINE JAN 2020; 21 (1) : 51-54

scholarly journals Pathogenic and Drug Resistant Bacteria in Raw Milk of Jessore City: A Potential Food Safety Threat

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
UT Tasnim ◽  
MT Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Milk is such a food which can meet almost all nutritional needs of human lives. Raw or unprocessed milk supports the growth of wide variety of microorganisms. The major interests of this study were examining the microbial quality of raw milk collected from different locations of Jessore city in Bangladesh and determining antibiotic susceptibility pattern of some isolated bacteria. To do so, 12 raw milk samples were collected from different areas of Jessore city. Microbial analysis comprised of enumeration of TVC (total viable count), TCC (total coliform count) and TSC (total staphylococcal count). The highest TVC, TCC and TSC were 1.95x109 CFU/ml, 2.5x107 CFU/ml and 1.02x107 CFU/ml respectively. Prevalent bacterial populations were Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Shigella spp. Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Citrobacter spp. In order to observe the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, the antibiotic sensitivity test was performed for some randomly selected isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. More than 90% isolates of Klebsiella spp. were found to be resistant against Erythromycin whereas more than 90% isolates were sensitive against Imipenem. On the other hand, 100% E. coli isolates were observed as resistant against Erythromycin and in case of Trimethopreme 100% isolates were sensitive. Multidrug resistance pattern was also found. These results suggest the necessity of hygienic practices during handling, processing and post-processing of raw milk to improve the microbiological quality and safety of raw milk.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23723Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 71-78

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance ofSalmonella entericaSerovars Typhi and Paratyphi Isolates from a General Hospital in Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia: A Five-Year Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nata Pratama Hardjo Lugito ◽  
Cucunawangsih
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Paratyphoid Fever ◽  
Resistance Rates

Typhoid and paratyphoid fever known as enteric fever pose important global public health problem, with 21.6 million cases and approximately 250,000 deaths annually. It is a prevalent disease in Indonesia, but data on the antimicrobial resistance pattern is limited. This study aim was to provide data on the antimicrobial resistance pattern ofS.Typhi andS.Paratyphi bloodstream isolates in a general hospital in Karawaci, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia, during the period of January 2011 to December 2015. Susceptibility against antimicrobials was detected according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Out of a total of 168 isolates 55.4% wereS.Typhi and 44.6%S.Paratyphi A. Most of the isolates, 92.9%, were from children aged 6–18 years and adult population. There was low resistance ofS.Typhi against ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin, similar to previous studies in Indonesia. In the 2011–2015 period, resistance rates against most antimicrobials and MDR rate ofS.Typhi andS.Paratyphi were low, emphasizing that there is a distinct epidemiological dynamic of the enteric fever in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Microbiological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Gram-positive isolates at a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv Mamtora ◽  
Sanjith Saseedharan ◽  
Pallavi Bhalekar ◽  
Surekha Katakdhond
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

Abstract OBJECTIVES: Gram-positive infections such as those by Staphylococcus aureus have contributed to the disease burden by increasing the morbidity and mortality rates in India. This study aims to determine the prevalence and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Gram-positive pathogens at a tertiary care hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out from January, 2015 to December, 2017, at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India. The clinical isolates were cultured, and identification was done using Vitek 2 culture system. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was done as per the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. RESULTS: Out of 2132 (29%) Gram-positive isolates, S. aureus (49%) was the most common encountered pathogen, followed by Enterococcus spp. (24.5%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (16%). Majority of the S. aureus were observed in patients with skin and soft-tissue infections (61.2%) followed by those suffering from respiratory (41%) and bloodstream infections (35%). Among the infections caused by S. aureus, the prevalence of methicillin resistance was 30%. While the MRSA isolates showed lower sensitivity toward co-trimoxazole (39%), clindamycin (30%), erythromycin (23%), and ciprofloxacin (10%), they showed higher susceptibility to linezolid (98%), vancomycin (98%), and teicoplanin (98%). All the isolates were found to be sensitive to daptomycin and tigecycline. While vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) formed 7.5%, the linezolid-resistant enterococcus species was as high as 4.1%. CONCLUSION: The study showed a high prevalence of MRSA and VRE, thereby emphasizing the increasing antimicrobial resistance pattern of the Gram-positive pathogens. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel antimicrobial stewardship to restrict the ongoing resistance rate among the isolates.

Epidemiological fectors and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella spp

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Alpa Patel ◽  
Nirmal Choraria
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Periodic Evaluation ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

serovars Typhi and Paratyphi are known to cause enteric fever. Multidrug resistance in and has emerged as a cause of concern. To evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella enteric serovar Typhi () and obtained from blood culture.: All isolates obtained from blood cultures of clinically suspected cases of enteric fever coming to microbiology laboratory, Nirmal hospital, from January 2015 to September 2017 were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined using commercial antimicrobial disks chloramphenicol (30 μg), nalidixic acid (30 μg), ampicillin (10 μg), azithromycin (15 μg), cotrimoxazole (1.25/23.75 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), and ceftriaxone (30 μg). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines of respective year by KirbyBauer disc diffusion method.: Total 330 isolates of salmonella are there out of that 298 is . 32 are Salmonella para A, while 1 is of Salmonella para B. Enteric fever cases pick month are April, May, June and July. Sensitivity to first line drugs are &#62; 80%, Nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella (NARS) are 79%, while Multi drug resistant (resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole all three)Salmonella are 3%.: Periodic evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern is necessary to see changing pattern of antibiotics. Evaluation of Nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella and periodic evaluation of multi drug resistant Salmonella is also important as emergence of MDR strain is observed in our study.

scholarly journals Prevalence of some virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different clinical specimens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamuna Chand ◽  
Santosh Khanal ◽  
Om Prakash Panta ◽  
Dipendra Shrestha ◽  
Dhruba Kumar Khadka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Clinical Specimens

Abstract Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen and are reported to cause acute and chronic infectious diseases. Due to its high ability to acquire resistance to many antibiotics, it has become a global public health threat. It consists of some virulence genes that may lead to its pathogenicity. The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to detect the virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens collected from governmental hospital of Nepal.Methods: A total of 7898 clinical specimens were analyzed for the period of six months from November 2018 to April 2019. The specimens were cultured on Nutrient agar, Blood agar, MacConkey agar, Chocolate agar, Cysteine-Lactose, Electrolyte Deficient agar plates and were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. All the isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests and further confirmed by growth on Cetrimide agar plate. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method following CLSI guideline. Multiplex-PCR was done to detect the virulence genes oprL and toxA. Statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistic ver. 25 and the p-value was calculated at significance level (0.05%) by using Chi square.Results: Out of these specimens investigated, 87 isolates were tentatively identified to be P. aeruginosa in which 20 (22.98 %) were found to be multidrug resistant. Comparatively, most of the P. aeruginosa were isolated from outpatients 63 (72.41 %) than inpatients 24 (27.58 %), from male 56 (64.36 %) than female 31 (35.63 %) and in age group 60-79 years (41.37 %). AST result showed the highest resistance of 100% with cefixime whereas susceptibilities of 83.9% and 81.6% with polymixin B and tobramycin were noticed respectively. The PCR results showed that all P. aeruginosa isolates carried oprL 87 (100%) and 83 (95.4 %) isolates showed toxA genes. Conclusion: The studies revealed that almost all P. aeruginosa harbors both oprL and toxA genes.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of resistant Escherichia Coli from poultry waste

BIBECHANA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
S Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Poultry Farm ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Resistant Form ◽  
The Relationship

The study was conducted in Kathmandu valley to investigate the relationship between the use of antibiotic and the development of the resistant form of Escherichia coli (E.coli), which were isolated from faecal waste of poultry farm. Out of 30 samples investigated, 20 samples were found to be E.coli positive. It was further investigated that the resistance pattern for the isolates of E.coli from poultry farm was tetracycline (100%), penicillin (100%), erythromycin (100%), amoxicillin (90%) and chloramphenicol (60%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v9i0.7188 BIBECHANA 9 (2013) 136-140

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples in Specialist Hospital, Sokoto

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
N. M. Bunza ◽  
A. A. Isah ◽  
M. D. Hafsat ◽  
U. I. Asiya
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

Aim: The study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolates against some conventional antibiotics. Study Design: Hospital based cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Specialist Hospital, Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State Nigeria, between June 2018 and September 2018. Methodology: One hundred (100) Staphylococcus aureus isolates were used in this study. Gram’s staining, catalase, coagulase and mannitol fermentation tests were used to identify and confirm the isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by disc agar diffusion test. Results: In the present study 63.0% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were from male subjects, while 37.0% were from female subjects. The age group with the highest number of isolates was 11-20 years (37%) and the least (9%) was seen in 41-50 years. Subjects with urine samples had the highest frequency of Staphylococcus aureus isolates with 32.0% and those with high vaginal swab had the lowest 6.0%. The antibiotics susceptibility testing showed that 40% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were susceptible to Clindamycin, 64% to Ciprofloxacin, 57% to Erythromycin, 71% to Gentamicin, 34% to Cefoxitin, 46% to Quinupristin/Dalfopristin, 58% to Tetracycline and Sulphamethaxazole –Trimethoprim respectively. Screening for MRSA was carried out by antibiotic sensitivity testing using cefoxitin and a prevalence of 66% was obtained. This study showed that Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin were the most active antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: There is the need for consistent on-going antimicrobial resistance surveillance for important and commonly isolated clinically significant pathogens of staphylococcal species to form the basis for developing and implementing measures that can reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance and prevent a probable impending public health problem.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Poultry Feces

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Essam A. Makky ◽  
Raid D. Thanoon ◽  
Yashab Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Periodic Monitoring

Enterococci, especially Enterococcus faecalis and faecium, have emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen and represent a serious threat to patients with impaired host defenses. E. faecalis and faecium are part of the normal intestinal microbial flora of poultry and man under most conditions, they are considered as an opportunistic pathogen. In the current study, an investigation of Enterococcus spp. isolated from poultry feces and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern was studied, due to the worldwide attachment with poultry by human being. Samples were collected from different sites of Allahabad, India, 80 samples collected screened for the presence of E. faecalis and E. faecium and identified based on cultural and biochemical characteristics. Thirty-five isolates were identified as E. faecalis (57.37%), while 26 were E. faecium (42.62%). The pathogens isolated were tested for their susceptibility toward 10 different commonly prescribed antibiotics. Most of the isolates showed resistance toward antibiotics under study. E. faecalis strain suggested a higher percentage of possibility of infection estimated by 15% in comparison with E. faecium as it was found to be less in a screening. The high resistance rate also indicates the negative impact of the antibiotic therapy. To evaluate the extent of transmission and impact of such transmission on the effectiveness of the antibacterial use in human medicine, further study is imperative. Periodic monitoring of antibiotic resistance pattern to detect any change in it would be necessary for the effective treatment against these pathogens. Enterococci revealed an alarming rate of resistance to the standard antimicrobial agents used for therapy and raised MIC values to vancomycin. The importance and infection control were stressed.

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