A morphometric study of femoral length, anterior neck length, and neck-shaft angle in dry femora: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND The peculiar waddling gait of a female attracts most of the anatomists to measure and compare the neck-shaft angle (NSA) of the femora. The femoral neck shaft angle is greater in women due to greater pelvic breadth and shorter femur. Neck-shaft angle was measured by the angle that the neck makes with the shaft of the femur and it is measured on the ventral surface of femur taking the long axis of femoral neck with the long axis of the proximal end of the femur. It gives information about the race it belongs to and normally measures 120° to 140°. The intention of this study was to establish the femoral neck shaft angle variations in adult male and female for medico-legal and anthropometric studies. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 adult human femora of unknown sex in the anatomy department, Sriram Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, from May 2018 to April 2019. We included all the femora which were free of damage or deformity and fully ossified indicating adult bone. Femora with any pathological changes i.e., cortical bone deterioration, extreme osteophyte activity, osteoarthritis and fracture etc. were excluded from the study. The NSA was measured by protractor and goniometer. RESULTS In the present study the NSA range for the right femur of male was 108° - 135° and for the right femur of females 117° - 135°. The left male femur was 118° - 135° and the left female femur was 120° - 135°. The mean neck shaft angle of male femora was 125.9° and the female femora was 125.7°. These measurements show that the values were more in males than the females. The value of the present study was statistically significant between male and female i.e., P < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS These measurements are important in the medico-legal cases, reconstructive orthopaedic surgeries, hip replacement surgeries and also while constructing suitable prosthesis. This will also be helpful in the detection of sex by anatomists and forensic experts. KEY WORDS Neck Shaft Angle, Medico-Legal, Anthropometry and Goniometer

Download Full-text

Morphometric Study of Mitral Valve Annulus in Iran

Galen Medical Journal ◽

10.31661/gmj.v7i0.1078 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e1078

Author(s):

Tahereh Mohtaj ◽

Mathias H. Aazami ◽

Ghassem Sazegar ◽

Hoorak Poorzand ◽

Aria Hedjazi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Mitral Valve ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mitral Annulus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Male And Female ◽

Valve Annulus

Background: This study aimed to determine the normal dimensions of the mitral annulus (MA) in Iranian population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using 88 fresh hearts of male and female cadavers for six months in Mashhad, Iran. Normal data were determined by measuring the exact dimensions of the MA in fresh hearts of patients who had died of non-cardiac causes and considering some parameters such as age, gender, stature, and weight. Images of the valves and leaflets were prepared by marking the anterior (A2, midpoint of anterior) and posterior areas of P1, P2, and P3 using a needle. To analyze the data, SPSS version 16 was used. Results: The means of anatomic area, anatomic perimeter, inter-commissural distance, A2-P1, A2-P2, A2-P3, Base-P1, Base-P2, Base-P3, and Base-A were 14±1.28, 8.3±1, 2.7±0.42, 2.27±0.37, 2.3±0.43, 2.06±0.35, 1.66±0.43, 1.2±0.97, 1.5±0.66, and 3.2±0.52, respectively. Comparison of the age groups regarding valve leaflets showed that Strut-P1 and Base-P2 were significantly different. Comparison of the valve leaflets and sub-valve indicators between the two genders reflected no significant differences. Age groups differed significantly in terms of Strut-P1 and Base-P2 (P=0.004 and P=00.1, respectively). Conclusions: A2-P3, A2-P1, anatomic perimeter, and anatomic area were found to be related to gender. A2-P1 and A2-P2 and some leaflet indicators such as Strut-P1 and Base-P2 were associated with age, whereas Base-P2 was affected by body mass index. [GMJ.2018;7:e1078]

Download Full-text

Cervico-diaphyseal angle of Femur in Southern Punjab: Radiographic Study

10.53350/pjmhs211581979 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1979-1982

Author(s):

M. S Abdullah ◽

Maimoona Khan ◽

Humaira Ali ◽

Abdullah Qamar ◽

Kishwar Nahid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mean Value ◽

Adult Males ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Population ◽

Male And Female ◽

Neck Shaft Angle ◽

Shaft Angle ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

The Right

Background: The cervicodiaphyseal angle of femur varies in different population groups due to genetic and environmental factors and has its clinical implications. Aim: To find the cervicodiaphyseal angle in male and female population of Southern Punjab. Study design: Cross sectional study. Methodology: Two hundred and twelve randomly selected pelvic radiographs of adult males (116) and females (96) of the age 24 to 62 years were included in the study. Cervicodiaphyseal angle was measured on each side and statistical comparisons made. Data analyzed by SPSS 22.0v. Results: The mean value of cervico-diaphyseal angle was found to be130.3+4.9 in the male and127.8+3.5 in the female. The angle was larger in the male and significantly larger on the right side in both male and female subjects. Comparison between the two sides of the male (p <0.0158) and female (p < 0.0424) subjects was found to be significantly larger on the right side. Statistical difference between overall male and female was very highly significant (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This study provided baseline data on cervicodiaphyseal angle in adult male and female population of Southern Punjab. Keywords: Cervicodiaphyseal angle, collodiaphyseal angle, neck-shaft angle of femur, total hip arthroplasty

Download Full-text

Geometry of the proximal femur in relation to age and sex: a cross-sectional study in healthy adult danes

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1080/02841850510021562 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 514-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

N. Nissen ◽

E. M. Hauge ◽

B. Abrahamsen ◽

J. E. B. Jensen ◽

L. Mosekilde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Height ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Danish Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neck Shaft Angle ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Shaft Angle ◽

Axis Length ◽

Post Menopausal

Purpose: To describe the natural variation in hip geometry in relation to Danish population characteristics, and to establish normal reference values. Material and Methods: We included 249 healthy individuals (94 M and 155 F, aged 19–79 years) and measured hip-axis-length (HAL), neck-width (NW), neck-shaft-angle (NSA), and femoral head-radius (HR) on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) screen images. Results: HAL, NW, HR, and NSA were higher in men than in women (10.9±0.7 vs. 9.5±0.6 cm ( P<0.001), 3.8±0.3 vs. 3.3±0.3 cm ( P<0.01), 2.5±0.3 vs. 2.3±0.2 cm ( P<0.001), and 131±5 vs. 129±5° ( P<0.01). NSA was higher in post-menopausal than in pre-menopausal women (130±4 vs. 128±5° ( P<0.001)). In multiple regression analysis, HAL, NW, and HR were positively related to body height in both sexes ( R = 0.20 to 0.63, P<0.05 to P<0.001). In females, NSA was positively related to body height ( R = 0.20, P<0.05) and negatively to body weight ( R = −0.30, P<0.01). NW increased with age in men ( R = 0.34, P<0.01) but not in women. Conclusion: Hip dimensions differ between genders in the Danish population. HAL, NW, and HR depend on body height. Finally, NW increases with age in men but not in women.

Download Full-text

Morphometric Study of Proximal end of Femur of Nepalese People

Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/njms.v4i1.24119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

Rajeev Mukhia ◽

Phanindra Prasad Poudel ◽

Chacchu Bhattarai ◽

Sidharth Timsina

Keyword(s):

Femoral Neck ◽

Proximal Femur ◽

The Body ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Neck Length ◽

Left Femur ◽

Head Diameter ◽

Neck Shaft Angle ◽

Femur Neck ◽

Shaft Angle

Introduction: The femur is the largest and strongest bone of the body that forms the skeleton of the thigh. The morphometry of proximal end of femur are variable between different individuals with different Nationality. The aims and objective of the study is to find out the morphometric measurements- Femur Length, Femur head diameter, Femur neck shaft angle, and Femur neck length, breadth and thickness. Methods: A total of 75 femurs of both sex were collected from the Department of Anatomy, MCOMS, Pokhara. The parameters on proximal femur were measured manually with the help of measuring scale, thread, protector and vernier calliper. The collected data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2007 software and represented graphically. Results: In the present study, the average femoral length for entire femur was 42±2.81 cm, femoral head diameter was13.05±0.9 cm, femoral neck length was 4.12±0.32 cm, femoral neck breadth was 2.94±0.30 cm, and femoral neck thickness was 2.36±0.42 cm. The femur neck shaft angle of left femur was significantly higher than that of right femur (P-value 0.03). There was no difference between other dimensions of proximal end of right and left femur. Conclusion: The results of the present study show that the dimensions of proximal femur in Nepalese Population are different as compared to other countries population. The knowledge of different dimensions of proximal femur will be important in anthropological and medico-legal practice for sex determination and as well as to radiologists and orthopaedic surgeons for diagnosis and planning of treatment.

Download Full-text

A MORPHOMETRIC STUDY ON HUMAN CADAVERIC PANCREAS IN ASSAMESE POPULATION

10.36106/ijar/9000620 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

Baro Baneswar ◽

Sarma Usha ◽

Talukdar KL ◽

Dutta BC ◽

Sarma Tapan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Human Pancreas ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

C 30

The seriousness of pancreatic diseases and the utmost importance of its correct diagnosis and treatment are expected to be helpful in correlating the functional capacity for further study in basic science and in decision making in clinical settings especially in transplant surgery of pancreas. Knowledge of normal morphometry of pancreas in living subjects is essential for understanding the segmental resection of pancreas as well as pancreatic imaging. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Forensic Medicine & Pathology of Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati from May, 2016 to December 2019 on 103 specimens of human pancreas from 13 to 78 years age of both sexes. The collected samples were divided into seven age groups: A (10-19 years), B (20-29 years), C (30-39 years), D (40-49 years), E (50-59 years), F (60-69 years) and G (≥70 years), for convenient description. The differences between length of pancreas were statistically significant in A vs C, A vs D, A vs E, A vs F, A vs G, B vs C, B vs D, B vs E, B vs F and B vs G. The differences between weight of pancreas were statistically significant in A vs F, B vs C, B vs G, C vs D, C vs F, D vs F, E vs F, E vs G and F vs G. The present study is expected to standardize the morphology of pancreas in Assamese population.

Download Full-text

MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF PROXIMAL FEMUR AND ITS CORRELATION WITH BONE MINERAL DENSITY. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i8.26994 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 470

Author(s):

Lopamudra Nayak ◽

Pratima Baisakh ◽

Prafulla Kumar Chinara

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Proximal Femoral Fracture ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Axis Length

Objective: Proximal femoral morphometries such as hip axis length (HAL), femoral neck (FN) axis length (FNAL), and FN shaft angle (FNSA) are important parameters for prediction of fracture risk. These parameters are affected by factors such as body habitus, age, sex, race, bone mineral density (BMD), and body mass index. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between proximal femoral morphometry and BMD.Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study in 168 patients. The measurements of radiological parameters such as HAL, FNAL, and FNSA were taken using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. FN-BMD was measured using LUNAR XR scanner and expressed as gm/cm². The correlation between proximal femoral morphometry and FN-BMD has been studied using Karl Pearson correlation coefficient (r).Results: The mean age, height, weight, HAL, FNAL, FNSA, and FN-BMD of the study population were found to be 58.72 years, 160.15 cm, 64.38 kg, 104.14 mm, 103.51 mm, 128.51°, and 0.761 g/cm², respectively. FN-BMD had a negative correlation with HAL (r=−0.791), FNAL (r=−0.734), and FNSA (r=−0.713) where p=0.000.Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between FN-BMD and proximal femoral morphometry. This observation will be helpful in exploration of its clinical significance in proximal femoral fracture.

Download Full-text