Geometry of the proximal femur in relation to age and sex: a cross-sectional study in healthy adult danes

Purpose: To describe the natural variation in hip geometry in relation to Danish population characteristics, and to establish normal reference values. Material and Methods: We included 249 healthy individuals (94 M and 155 F, aged 19–79 years) and measured hip-axis-length (HAL), neck-width (NW), neck-shaft-angle (NSA), and femoral head-radius (HR) on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) screen images. Results: HAL, NW, HR, and NSA were higher in men than in women (10.9±0.7 vs. 9.5±0.6 cm ( P<0.001), 3.8±0.3 vs. 3.3±0.3 cm ( P<0.01), 2.5±0.3 vs. 2.3±0.2 cm ( P<0.001), and 131±5 vs. 129±5° ( P<0.01). NSA was higher in post-menopausal than in pre-menopausal women (130±4 vs. 128±5° ( P<0.001)). In multiple regression analysis, HAL, NW, and HR were positively related to body height in both sexes ( R = 0.20 to 0.63, P<0.05 to P<0.001). In females, NSA was positively related to body height ( R = 0.20, P<0.05) and negatively to body weight ( R = −0.30, P<0.01). NW increased with age in men ( R = 0.34, P<0.01) but not in women. Conclusion: Hip dimensions differ between genders in the Danish population. HAL, NW, and HR depend on body height. Finally, NW increases with age in men but not in women.

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Association of Anthropometric Measurements with pre and post Menopausal women: A survey based cross sectional study

SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES ◽

10.26692/surj/2018.01.00020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (001) ◽

pp. 119-122

Author(s):

. J. WARSI ◽

Z. A. PALH ◽

M. R. QAMBRANI ◽

S.U.J.O. MEGHWAR

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Post Menopausal

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Role of transvaginal sonography in the detection of endometrial carcinoma

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin ◽

10.3329/bmrcb.v39i2.19647 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 80-85

Author(s):

MS Showkat ◽

S Nabi ◽

L Khondker ◽

B Bhowmik ◽

SN Tushar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Carcinoma ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Transvaginal Sonography ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Post Menopausal ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Transabdominal Sonography

Transvagival sonography is superior to transabdominal sonography in most cases of pelvic pathology. Objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical usefulness of transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) in pre, peri and post menopausal women suspected to have endometrial carcinoma. This cross sectional study was done with 40 patients who are clinically suspected having thickened endometrium. The study was carried out January 2007 to November 2008 for a period of two years. The patients having endometrial carcinoma diagnosed by TVS was correlated with histopathological diagnosis following collection of the report from the respective cases. Of total 40 cases, 2(5.0%) cases were endometrial carcinoma and 38(95.0%) were negative for endometrial carcinoma respectively in TVS findings. On the other hand 3(7.5%) cases were endometrial carcinoma and 37 (92.5%) cases were negative for endometrial carcinoma in histopathological findings. The validity of TVS in diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma were studied by calculating sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, which were 67 percent, 100 percent, 98 percent, 100 percent and 97 percent respectively. As the TVS findings of the present study correlated well with the histopathology findings and the validity test values were higher than observed by others, it can be concluded that TVS is sensitive and accurate modality in the evaluation of endometrial carcinoma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v39i2.19647 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2013; 39: 80-85

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High Circulating Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Level Is a Potential Risk Factor for Renal Dysfunction in Post-Menopausal Women

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.627903 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Qihang Li ◽

Dongmei Zheng ◽

Haiyan Lin ◽

Fang Zhong ◽

Jing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Renal Dysfunction ◽

Clinical Chemistry ◽

Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Post Menopausal ◽

Stimulating Hormone

ObjectiveMenopause contributes to renal dysfunction in women, which is generally attributed to estrogen withdrawal. In addition to decreased estrogen level, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level increases after menopause. This study investigated the association between high circulating FSH level and renal function in post-menopausal women.MethodsThis observational cross-sectional study included 624 pre-menopausal, 121 peri-menopausal, and 2540 post-menopausal women. The levels of female sex hormones were examined by chemiluminescence and indices of renal function were measured using a clinical chemistry analyzer. The post-menopausal women were grouped into quartiles according to serum FSH levels.ResultsRenal function progressively declined from pre-menopause to peri-menopause to post-menopause, which was accompanied by increasing serum FSH level. In post-menopausal women, serum creatinine level increased with increasing FSH quartile, which was accompanied by a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p for trend <0.001); moreover, the prevalence of declined eGFR (<90 ml/min/1.73 m2) and chronic kidney disease (CKD; eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2) increased (p for trend <0.001). Even after adjusting for confounders, the odds ratios (ORs) of declined eGFR and CKD increased with increasing FSH quartiles in post-menopausal women. The ORs of declined eGFR (OR=2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63–2.92) and CKD (OR=10.09, 95% CI: 2.28–44.65) in the highest FSH quartile were approximately 2- and 10-fold higher, respectively, than in the lowest FSH quartile (p<0.05). After stratifying post-menopausal women by median age (61 years), the OR for declined eGFR for each FSH quartile in the older group was higher than that for the corresponding FSH quartile in the younger group.ConclusionsA high circulating FSH level is an independent risk factor for renal dysfunction in women after menopause. Additionally, aging may aggravate the association of high FSH levels with reduced renal function in post-menopausal women.

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Sexual Variations of Femoral Neck-Shaft Angle in the Population of Odisha

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/293 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (19) ◽

pp. 1387-1390

Author(s):

Rajeev Kumar Kanchan ◽

Sonali Subhadarsini ◽

Dharma Niranjan Mishra ◽

Chinmayi Mohapatra

Keyword(s):

Femoral Neck ◽

Ventral Surface ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Legal Cases ◽

Male And Female ◽

Neck Shaft Angle ◽

Femur Neck ◽

Shaft Angle ◽

The Right

BACKGROUND The peculiar waddling gait of a female attracts most of the anatomists to measure and compare the neck-shaft angle (NSA) of the femora. The femoral neck shaft angle is greater in women due to greater pelvic breadth and shorter femur. Neck-shaft angle was measured by the angle that the neck makes with the shaft of the femur and it is measured on the ventral surface of femur taking the long axis of femoral neck with the long axis of the proximal end of the femur. It gives information about the race it belongs to and normally measures 120° to 140°. The intention of this study was to establish the femoral neck shaft angle variations in adult male and female for medico-legal and anthropometric studies. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 adult human femora of unknown sex in the anatomy department, Sriram Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, from May 2018 to April 2019. We included all the femora which were free of damage or deformity and fully ossified indicating adult bone. Femora with any pathological changes i.e., cortical bone deterioration, extreme osteophyte activity, osteoarthritis and fracture etc. were excluded from the study. The NSA was measured by protractor and goniometer. RESULTS In the present study the NSA range for the right femur of male was 108° - 135° and for the right femur of females 117° - 135°. The left male femur was 118° - 135° and the left female femur was 120° - 135°. The mean neck shaft angle of male femora was 125.9° and the female femora was 125.7°. These measurements show that the values were more in males than the females. The value of the present study was statistically significant between male and female i.e., P < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS These measurements are important in the medico-legal cases, reconstructive orthopaedic surgeries, hip replacement surgeries and also while constructing suitable prosthesis. This will also be helpful in the detection of sex by anatomists and forensic experts. KEY WORDS Neck Shaft Angle, Medico-Legal, Anthropometry and Goniometer

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