Optimization of Industrial Emission Analysist by Reading Sensor Output Voltage

The electrical model of a capacitive soil moisture sensor is considered in this paper. In the new model established, the contact resistor and contact capacitance are taken into account. It is pointed out that the electric double layer causes the formation of the contact resistor and contact capacitance. The electrical properties of the electric double layer are the effect of both physical electricity and electrochemistry, so the relationship between the contact capacitance and the soil relative permittivity does not follow the formula of the parallel plate capacitor. Based upon the diffuse electric double layer model, this paper successfully derives the formula of the contact capacitor , whose coefficients are determined by MATLAB simulation based on experimental data, and the soil relative permittivity. Besides, this paper has established the sensor-output-voltage-Vo -soil-moisture-θ curve and compared it to that derived from the model without considering the electric double layer. It is demonstrated that the correlation coefficient between the curve derived from the model this paper established and the experimental data is 0.9997, more accurately describing the relation between the sensor output voltage Vo and soil moisture θ.

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Modeling of Lambda Sensor Output With Exhaust Gas Mixtures From Natural Gas-Fueled Engines

ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/icef2011-60188 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Toema ◽

Kirby S. Chapman

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Output Voltage ◽

Catalytic Converter ◽

Catalytic Reactions ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Sensor Output ◽

Physical Processes ◽

Sensor Performance ◽

Lambda Sensor ◽

Gas Fueled

The increasingly strict emission regulations may require implementing Non-Selective Catalytic Reduction (NSCR) system as a promising emission control technology for stationary rich burn spark ignition engines. Many recent investigations used NSCR systems for stationary natural gas fueled engines showed that NSCR systems were unable to consistently control the emissions level below the compliance limits. Modeling of NSCR components to better understand, and then exploit, the underlying physical processes that occur in the lambda sensor and the catalyst media is now considered an essential step toward the required NSCR system performance. This paper presents the work done to date on a modeling of lambda sensor that provides feedback to the air-to-fuel controller. Several recent experimental studies indicate that the voltage signal from the lambda sensor may not be interpreted correctly because of the physical nature in the way the sensor senses the exhaust gas concentration. Correct interpretation of the sensor output signal is necessary to achieve consistently low emissions level. The goal of this modeling study is to improve the understanding of the physical processes that occur within the sensor, investigate the cross-sensitivity of various exhaust gas species on the sensor performance, and finally this model serves as a tool to improve NSCR control strategies. This model simulates the output from a planar switch type lambda sensor. The model consists of three modules. The first module models the multi-component mass transport through the sensor protective layer. Diffusion fluxes are calculated using the Maxwell-Stefan equation. The second module includes all the surface catalytic reactions that take place on the sensor platinum electrodes. All kinetic reactions are modeled based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic mechanism. The model incorporates for the first time methane catalytic reactions on the sensor platinum electrode. The third module is responsible for simulating the reactions that occur on the electrolyte material and determine the sensor output voltage. The model results are validated using field test data obtained from a mapping study of a natural gas-fueled engine equipped with NSCR system. The data showed that the lambda sensor output voltage is influenced by the reducing species concentration, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2). The results from the developed model and the experimental data showed strong correlations between CO and H2 with the sensor output voltage within the lambda operating range between 0.994 to 1.007 (catalytic converter operating window). This model also showed that methane does not significantly influence the lambda sensor performance compared to the effect of CO and H2.

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The perceptually-inspired model of tactile texture sensor based on the inverse-magnetostrictive effect

Industrial Robot the international journal of robotics research and application ◽

10.1108/ir-06-2018-0114 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 345-350

Author(s):

Lili Wan ◽

Bowen Wang ◽

Xiaodong Wang ◽

Wenmei Huang ◽

Ling Weng

Keyword(s):

Surface Texture ◽

Output Voltage ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Surface Microstructure ◽

Sensor Output ◽

Texture Characteristic ◽

Content Type ◽

Microstructure Characteristics ◽

Texture Properties ◽

Output Characteristics

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop an output model to extract surface microstructure characteristics of different objects, so as to predict the response of the output voltage obtained from tactile texture sensor. Design/methodology/approach The model is based on the consideration of the inverse-magnetostrictive effect, the flexure mode, the linear constitutive equations and the strain principle. Findings This research predicts and investigates the effect of the texture properties on the tactile texture sensor output characteristics. Originality/value The surface texture characteristic is regarded to be important information to evaluate and recognize the object.

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The Model of near infrared sensor output voltage as a function of glucose concentration in solution

2017 15th International Conference on Quality in Research (QiR) : International Symposium on Electrical and Computer Engineering ◽

10.1109/qir.2017.8168471 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Engelin Shintadewi Julian ◽

Kiki Prawiroredjo ◽

Gunawan Tjahjadi

Keyword(s):

Glucose Concentration ◽

Output Voltage ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Sensor Output ◽

Infrared Sensor

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PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI ALAT UKUR KUALITAS AIR MENGGUNAKAN METODE NEFELOMETRIK

Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Terapan ◽

10.25047/jtit.v4i1.19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 39-46

Author(s):

M. Taofik Chulkamdi

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Output Voltage ◽

Water Clarity ◽

Bottled Water ◽

Sensor Output ◽

Measuring Instrument ◽

Clear Water ◽

Water Drinking ◽

Light Levels

Turbid warter is one of the characteristics of unclean water and unhealthy. Importance of water clarity to humans at this time then designed a device that could measure water quality using a LDR sensor, where the sensor can detect light from a diode light levels. LED penetrating the water, it will be detected water quality. Microcontroller in the system that became controlleris arduino uno. Out of this toolis the percentage rate that water quality will be displayed on the LCD. Testing water quality measuring instrument is using nefelometric. System testing is done by detecting changes in the level of water quality in five sampel of bottled water, drinking water processed two and three wastewater. The results are not clear, the higher the level of water or less clear water, the sensor output voltage is also higher.

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A Design and performance analysis of a telemetry system for remote monitoring of turbidity of water during the COVID-19 pandemic

Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.17509/ijost.v5i2.24705 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 299-307

Author(s):

Lilik Hasanah ◽

Wahyu Luqmanul Hakim ◽

Ahmad Aminudin ◽

Siti Kudnie Sahari ◽

Budi Mulyanti

Keyword(s):

Data Transmission ◽

Output Voltage ◽

Measurement Range ◽

Telemetry System ◽

Sensor Output ◽

Test Results ◽

Water Turbidity ◽

Transmit Power ◽

Good Measurement ◽

And Performance

A turbidity telemetry system for COVID-19 pandemic situations using nRF24L01+transceiver and SEN0189 water turbidity sensor-based microcontroller has been successfuly developed.. The method used to characterize the sensor is by comparing sensor output voltages with the value of water turbidity. Turbid water used was created by adding distilled water with a concentration of sediment obtained from the filtered sediment with less than 60 μm in diameter. Data transmission performance for various transmit power was done by calculating the error percentages by comparing the number of messages sent by transmitter and received by receiver. The transmit power settings were 0, -6, -12, and 18 dBm and variations in the distance of data transmission from 10 to 80 m. The test results show that the water turbidity sensor has a good measurement range in measuring turbidity of water from 1.873 to 3500 NTU. Higher concentrations of sediment and turbidity of the water made the sensor output voltage decrease. There was a decrease in output voltage in the value, namely -0.0006 in turbidity sensor sensitivity. The results also show an increase in error percentages as the distance of data transmission increases, while the bigger the transmit power is used for data transmission, the smaller the percentage of errors occurs.

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Interpreting the Lambda Sensor Output Signal to Control Emissions From Natural Gas Fueled Engines

ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/icef2010-35164 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Toema ◽

Kirby S. Chapman

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Output Voltage ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Sensor Output ◽

Voltage Signal ◽

Lambda Sensor ◽

Gas Fueled ◽

Modeling Study

This paper presents the work done to date on a modeling study of the Non-Selective Catalytic Reduction (NSCR) system. Several recent experimental studies indicate that the voltage signal from the heated exhaust gas oxygen sensor commonly used to control these emission reduction systems may not be interpreted correctly because of the physical nature in the way the sensor senses the exhaust gas concentration. While the current signal interpretation may be satisfactory for modest NOX and CO reduction, an improved understanding of the signal is necessary to achieve consistently low NOX and CO emission levels. The increasingly strict emission regulations may require implementing NSCR as a promising emission control technology for stationary spark ignition engines. Many recent experimental investigations that used NSCR systems for stationary natural gas fueled engines showed that NSCR systems were unable to consistently control the emissions level below the compliance limits. Modeling of NSCR components to better understand, and then exploit, the underlying physical processes that occur in the lambda sensor and the catalyst media is now considered an essential step toward improving NSCR system performance. This paper focuses only on the lambda sensor that provides feedback to the air-to-fuel ratio controller. The goals of this modeling study are: • Improve the understanding of the transport phenomena and electrochemical processes that occur within the sensor. • Investigate the cross-sensitivity of exhaust gases from natural gas fueled engines on the sensor performance. • Serve as a tool for improving NSCR control strategies. This model simulates the output from a planar switch type lambda sensor. The model consists of three modules. The first module models the multi-component mass transport through the sensor protective layer. A one dimensional mass conservation equation is used for each exhaust gas species. Diffusion fluxes are calculated using the Maxwell-Stefan equation. The second module includes all the surface catalytic reactions that take place on the sensor platinum electrodes. All kinetic reactions are modeled based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic mechanism. The third module is responsible for simulating the reactions that occur on the electrolyte material and determining the sensor output voltage. The details of these three modules as well as a parametric study that investigates the sensitivity of the output voltage signal to various exhaust gas parameters is provided in the paper.

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