Optimization of Heat Transfer Process in Double Gate MOSFET Using Modified BDE Model

In this paper, a nonlinear electrical model is derived and is used to calculate the electric field and the current density. To corroborate our electrical model, it was compared to TCAD simulator. It was shown that the proposed model captures the current density with a good degree of agreement with TCAD simulator. The electrical model is given by the modified Drift-Diffusion (D-D) model coupled with the Ballistic-Diffusive Equation (BDE) which is able to predict the heat transfer phenomenon in the nanoscale regime. The thermal device performance is then investigated by varying device parameters including gate and drain biases with implementation of different gate dielectric to explore its response on thermal characteristics. It was further shown that the proposed electro-thermal model is able to predict the nano heat conduction in (DG) nanostructure devices. In addition, it is shown that the heat flux process could be controlled by adjusting the drain and gate voltages.

High Sensitivity Electrical Properties Measurement of Graphene-based Composites using Interferometric Near-field Microwave Technique

High sensitivity electrical properties measurement of composite materials using an interferometric near-field microwave technique is proposed in this paper. A one-port calibration model is developed to relate the measured transmission coefficient to the local properties of the material. To represent the probe-composite sample interaction, an electrical model based on lumped elements is developed. As a demonstration, complex permittivity and conductivity of composite materials prepared with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and different concentration of graphene are experimentally determined at 2.45 GHz. The obtained results show that the proposed technique is sensitive for the detection of small contrast of permittivity and conductivity in composite material. When graphene concentration increases from 1 to 30%, the conductivity increases from 0.0061 s/m to 0.056 s/m.

The Ionic Selectivity of Lysenin Channels in Open and Sub-Conducting States

The electrochemical gradients established across cell membranes are paramount for the execution of biological functions. Besides ion channels, other transporters, such as exogenous pore-forming toxins, may present ionic selectivity upon reconstitution in natural and artificial lipid membranes and contribute to the electrochemical gradients. In this context, we utilized electrophysiology approaches to assess the ionic selectivity of the pore-forming toxin lysenin reconstituted in planar bilayer lipid membranes. The membrane voltages were determined from the reversal potentials recorded upon channel exposure to asymmetrical ionic conditions, and the permeability ratios were calculated from the fit with the Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz equation. Our work shows that lysenin channels are ion-selective and the determined permeability coefficients are cation and anion-species dependent. We also exploited the unique property of lysenin channels to transition to a stable sub-conducting state upon exposure to calcium ions and assessed their subsequent change in ionic selectivity. The observed loss of selectivity was implemented in an electrical model describing the dependency of reversal potentials on calcium concentration. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that this pore-forming toxin presents ionic selectivity but this is adjusted by the particular conduction state of the channels.

A New Miniaturized Gas Sensor Based on Zener Diode Network Covered by Metal Oxide

The development of “portable, low cost and low consumption” gas microsensors is one of the strong needs for embedded portable devices in many fields such as public domain. In this paper, a new approach is presented on making, on the same chip, a network of head-to-tail facing PN junctions in order to miniaturize the sensor network and considerably reduce the required power for heating each cell independently. This paper is about recognizing a device that integrates both sensing and self-heating. This first study aims to evaluate the possibilities of this type of diode network for use as a gas sensor. The first part concerns the description of the technological process that is based on a doped polysilicon wafer in which a thin layer of metal oxide (a gallium-doped zinc oxide in our case) is deposited by RF sputtering. An electrical model will be proposed to explain the operation and advantage of this approach. We will show the two types of tests that have been carried out (static and dynamic) as well as the first encouraging results of these electrical characterizations under variable atmospheres.

The Effect of Ossicular Chain Disorders on Sound Transmission and Tinnitus Perception using Electrical Model

Human middle ear ensures sound transfer due its ossicular chain, any disorder or abnormalities in this structure leads to a conductive hearing loss (CHL). Tinnitus is a health problem, associated with hearing loss, it remains a devastating symptom. In this work, we present an electrical model of the human middle ear including middle ear cavities (ZMEC), tympanic membrane with ossicular chain (ZTOC), and stapes complex with cochlea load (ZSC). This model is modified to represent more closely the related pathologies affecting the middle ear. We will focus our analysis on ossicular chain disorder by studying the effect of increasing ossicular chain (OC) stiffness and mass in both normal middle ear structures and disconnected stapes superstructure. The change in middle ear structures and impedance allows us to simulate ossicular chain disorder effects and analyze their impact on sound transmission. This analysis allowed us to know if this disorder can eventually cause tinnitus. The results showed that the effect of ossicular chain anomalies can be studied based on frequency response of middle ear transfer function by applying only the principle of mass and stiffness, and demonstrate compared to clinical results the efficiency and simplicity of using the electrical model.