Modulation of Pro-inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in the Fat by an Aloe Gel-based Formula, QDMC, Is Correlated with Altered Gut Microbiota

Background/Aims: Recent studies have demonstrated that the manipulation of the gut microbiome represents a promising treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We previously identified micro integral membrane protein (MIMP) as the smallest domain of surface layer protein from Lactobacillus Plantarum. However, the therapeutic relevance of MIMP in IBD remains unknown. Methods: We initially employed a dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis model and evaluated the effect of MIMP on the inflammation response, intestinal barrier and gut microbiota using histological examination, Fluorescein isothiocyanate-Dextran detection and pyrosequencing analysis respectively. We then established peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and an epithelial CaCO-2 co-culture model to investigate the regulatory role of MIMP in inflammatory cytokines. The level changes of inflammatory cytokines were detected using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent and real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. The involved regulatory mechanisms were investigated mainly using dual luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Results: In the DSS-induced colitis model, we observed that MIMP intervention effectively improved the body weight loss, increased the colon length and decreased disease activity index. Consistently, the inflammation scores in the MIMP treatment group were significantly lower than those in the DSS treatment group. Furthermore, MIMP intervention was found to successfully neutralize DSS treatment by decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17 and IL-23) and increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). Notably, the permeability assay demonstrated that the MIMP treatment group was remarkably lower than that in the DSS treatment group. We also showed that MIMP improved gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by DSS-induced inflammation. Additionally, in PBMCs and the CaCO-2 co-culture model, MIMP showed an obvious suppressive effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we revealed that MIMP could modulate inflammatory cytokine expression through the toll-like receptor 4 pathway and histone acetylation. Conclusions: Our results suggested that MIMP showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect through regulating the gut barrier, microbiota and inflammatory cytokines. MIMP may have translational relevance as clinically relevant therapy for IBD patients.

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Alleviative Effects of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lactobacillus helveticus KLDS1.8701 on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9102086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 2086

Author(s):

Yin Liu ◽

Shujuan Zheng ◽

Jiale Cui ◽

Tingting Guo ◽

Jingtao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Activity Index ◽

Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽

Mucosal Barrier ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Mucosal Barrier Function ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a non-specific chronic inflammatory disease with lesions located in the colon and rectum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of exopolysaccharide-1 (EPS-1) isolated by L. helveticus KLDS1.8701 on UC. The anti-inflammatory effects of EPS-1 were studied using dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model. In vivo results showed that EPS-1 administration significantly ameliorated weight loss, colon shortening, disease activity index (DAI) score, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and colon tissue damage. In addition, EPS-1 administration significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, EPS-1 administration significantly up-regulated the expression of tight junction proteins and mucin. Furthermore, EPS-1 administration modulated gut microbiota composition caused by DSS and increased the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels. Collectively, our study showed the alleviative effects of EPS- isolated by L. helveticus KLDS1.8701 on DSS-induced UC via alleviating intestinal inflammation, improving mucosal barrier function, and modulating gut microbiota composition.

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Corrigendum: The new views on the state of the gut microbiota in obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2 (Diabetes mellitus. 2019;22(3). doi: 10.14341/DM10194)

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

10.14341/dm11359 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 403-404

Author(s):

Elena V. Pokrovskaya ◽

Minara S. Shamkhalova ◽

Marina V. Shestakova

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

The State ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Anti Inflammatory

A corrigendum on The new views on the state of the gut microbiota in obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2 by Elena V. Pokrovskaya, Minara S. Shamkhalova, Marina V. Shestakova (2019). Diabetes Mellitus. 22(3). doi: 10.14341/DM10194There is an error on the page 255: "Moreover, in obese patients, the concentration of circulating LPS increases by 20%, and in patients with diabetes mellitus, it increases by 125%. LPS is transported from cells of the large intestine into the bloodstream through chylomicrons or through intercellular gaps in the intestinal wall; by forming a complex of CD14 with Toll-like receptor 4 of macrophages and endothelial cells, it causes the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines: namely, interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha ". Instead of " pro-inflammatory cytokines" was published " anti-inflammatory cytokines ".Literary source Dahiya DK, Renuka, Puniya M, et al. Gut Microbiota Modulation and Its Relationship with Obesity Using Prebiotic Fibers and Probiotics: A Review. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:563. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00563 is listed twice (№№ 7 and 13) in the list of references.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.The original article has been updated.

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Expression of TLR-2, 4 and 5 and Pro-Inflammatory (IL-6, CXCL-11 AND CXCR-3) and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-10) Among Patients with IBS and Controls in Relation to the Gut Microbiota

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(17)30859-4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 152 (5) ◽

pp. S161 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Uday C. Ghoshal ◽

Ratnakar Shukla ◽

Prabhat Ranjan ◽

Ujjala Ghoshal

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Expression of Toll-like Receptors, Pro-, and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Relation to Gut Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: The Evidence for Its Micro-organic Basis

Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility ◽

10.5056/jnm18130 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 628-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ratnakar Shukla ◽

Ujjala Ghoshal ◽

Prabhat Ranjan ◽

Uday C Ghoshal

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Organic Basis ◽

Toll Like Receptors ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Irritable Bowel

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Absorption of Codonopsis pilosula Saponins by Coexisting Polysaccharides Alleviates Gut Microbial Dysbiosis with Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Model Mice

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/1781036 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yaping Jing ◽

Anping Li ◽

Zhirong Liu ◽

Pingrong Yang ◽

Junshu Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Dextran Sulfate ◽

Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Codonopsis Pilosula ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Objectives. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease, and the gut microbiota has become a new therapeutic target. Herbal medicine (HM) has shown good efficacy in the clinical treatment of IBD; however, the synergistic actions of the dominant chemicals in HM decoctions are unclear. Methods. In this study, we explored whether the complicated interconnections between HM and the gut microbiota could allow crosstalk between HM ingredients. Saponins and polysaccharides, i.e., the dominant chemicals in the Codonopsis pilosula Nannf (CPN) decoction, were investigated in a dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced mouse model. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing analyzed the change of gut microbiota structure and diversity. Gas chromatography (GC) determined the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces. ELISA detected the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines associated with TH17/Treg balance. UPLC-QTOF-MS technology combined with PKsolver software analyzed the absorption of the highest exposure for monomeric compounds of CPN saponins in serum. The results indicated that CPN polysaccharides showed prebiotic-like effects in mice with DSS-induced colitis by simultaneously stimulating the growth of three important probiotics, i.e., Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Akkermansia spp., and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, including Desulfovibrio spp., Alistipes spp., and Helicobacter spp. Moreover, CPN polysaccharides improved intestinal metabolism, enhanced the production of short-chain fatty acids, upregulated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and downregulated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines correlated with Th17/Treg balance, promoted the absorption of certain CPN saponins in the serum, and stimulated recovery of the holistic gut microbiota. Conclusion. CPN polysaccharides have the good prebiotic properties and shown good application prospects in the prevention and treatment of acute colitis. These findings provide insights into the specific bacteria responsible for active, inactive biotransformation of HM ingredients and those that are altered by HM administration.

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