Introduction of a simple and effective method for removal of modern carbon from soil samples for radiocarbon dating

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Kato ◽  
Fuyuki Tokanai ◽  
Toru Moriya ◽  
Mirei Takeyama
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Soil Samples

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of Soil Organic Matter Fractions in Andosols in Northern Ecuador

Radiocarbon ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke H Tonneijck ◽  
Johannes van der Plicht ◽  
Boris Jansen ◽  
Jacobus M Verstraten ◽  
Henry Hooghiemstra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Organic Horizons

Volcanic ash soils (Andosols) may offer great opportunities for paleoecological studies, as suggested by their characteristic accumulation of organic matter (OM). However, understanding of the chronostratigraphy of soil organic matter (SOM) is required. Therefore, radiocarbon dating of SOM is necessary, but unfortunately not straightforward. Dating of fractions of SOM obtained by alkali-acid extraction is promising, but which fraction (humic acid or humin) renders the most accurate 14C dates is still subject to debate. To determine which fraction should be used for 14C dating of Andosols and to evaluate if the chronostratigraphy of SOM is suitable for paleoecological research, we measured 14C ages of both fractions and related calibrated ages to soil depth for Andosols in northern Ecuador. We compared the time frames covered by the Andosols with those of peat sequences nearby to provide independent evidence. Humic acid (HA) was significantly older than humin, except for the mineral soil samples just beneath a forest floor (organic horizons), where the opposite was true. In peat sections, 14C ages of HA and humin were equally accurate. In the soils, calibrated ages increased significantly with increasing depth. Age inversions and homogenization were not observed at the applied sampling distances. We conclude that in Andosols lacking a thick organic horizon, dating of HA renders the most accurate results, since humin was contaminated by roots. On the other hand, in mineral soil samples just beneath a forest floor, humin ages were more accurate because HA was then contaminated by younger HA illuviated from the organic horizons. Overall, the chronostratigraphy of SOM in the studied Andosols appears to be suitable for paleoecological research.

scholarly journals Dating Charred Soil Organic Matter: Comparison of Radiocarbon Ages from Macrocharcoals and Chemically Separated Charcoal Carbon

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Eckmeier ◽  
Klaas Van der Borg ◽  
Ursula Tegtmeier ◽  
Michael W I Schmidt ◽  
Renate Gerlach
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Photo Oxidation ◽  
Environmental Processes

Radiocarbon dating of charcoal in soils is commonly used to reconstruct past environmental processes. Also microcharcoal that is chemically isolated from soil organic matter by high-energy UV photo-oxidation can be dated with 14C accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). We compared the 14C AMS ages of 13 pairs of hand-picked macrocharcoals and microcharcoal samples separated via the UV oxidation method; both charcoal fractions were taken from the same soil samples (prehistoric pit fillings). We found that in most cases, the microcharcoal fraction yielded older ages than the single macrocharcoal pieces, and that the differences between the ages are not systematic. A reason for these age differences might be that the microcharcoal fraction consists of more stable components than macrocharcoals and thus yields older ages. Dating of microcharcoal would give a mean age of charred organic matter in soil material and the ages of the more stable compounds. Thus, 14C data obtained from the microcharcoal fraction in soils is not comparable to macrocharcoal ages and should not be used to complement existing macrocharcoal data sets.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of Fugendake Volcano in Unzen, SW Japan

Radiocarbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1850-1861
Author(s):  
Sheng Xu ◽  
Hideo Hoshizumi ◽  
Kozo Uto ◽  
Stewart P H T Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Pyroclastic Flow ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Fission Track ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unzen Volcano ◽  
New Information ◽  
Sw Japan

This article presents new radiocarbon ages for the lavas, pyroclastic flow, and lahar deposits that originated from the Fugendake and Mayuyama volcanoes of the Younger Unzen Volcano, SW Japan. Nine charcoal samples were collected from the lavas and pyroclastic flow deposits, and 17 soil samples from the underlying volcanic-related products. This data set, together with previously published ages (thermoluminescence, K-Ar, fission track, and 14C), yielded new information about the timing of Late Pleistocene eruptions and an improved understanding of the evolution of the Fugendake and Mayuyama volcanoes. Fugendake Volcano started to build within the scar of Myokendake around 29 cal ka BP, and its eruption products spread over the flank of Myokendake. The remarkable eruptions of Fugendake Volcano included the lava and pyroclastic flow deposits around 22, 17, 12, and 4.5 cal ka BP. Subsequent historical eruptions occurred in AD 1663, 1792, and 1991–1995. Developed on the eastern extension of Fugendake Volcano, Mayuyama Volcano was active during the building stage of Fugendake at 4.5 cal ka BP. This study also identified a pumice eruption at ∼10 ka and 2 volcanic-related lahar deposits around 1.6 and 0.7 ka, which need to be addressed in future research.

scholarly journals Hamburg University Radiocarbon Dates I

Radiocarbon ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
H W Scharpenseel ◽  
F Pietig ◽  
H Schiffmann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
Quartz Vial ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions

Radiocarbon measurements are carried out mainly on soil samples and soil organic matter fractions. Benzene samples are prepared as described earlier (Scharpenseel and Pietig, 1969; 1970). Radioactivity is measured in a single quartz vial, using a Packard Tri Carb Model 3075 as well as a Berthold Betascint BF 5000. Most equipment has been transferred from Bonn University Radiocarbon Dating Lab to Hamburg, where operation of former Bonn Radiocarbon Lab will be continued.

Comparison of radiocarbon dating of buried paleosols using arbuscular mycorrhizae spores and bulk soil samples

The Holocene ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1031-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin E. Thorn ◽  
Robert G. Darmody ◽  
Johan Holmqvist ◽  
A.J. Timothy Jull ◽  
John C. Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Bulk Soil

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating Recent Volcanic Activity on Faial Island (Azores)

Radiocarbon ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Madeira ◽  
A.M. Monge Soares ◽  
António Brum Da Silveira ◽  
António Serralheiro
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Wood Charcoal ◽  
Recent Volcanic Activity ◽  
Pyroclastic Deposits ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Geological Formations ◽  
Pumice Fall

Recent fieldwork on the island of Faial (Azores) led to the establishment of a detailed volcanic stratigraphic sequence, which is composed of five main geological formations. One of them, the Caldeira Formation, comprising mainly pumice fall and flow deposits, was judged to be Holocene in age. Organic materials were found preserved in or below some of the pyroclastic deposits from this formation. Wood, charcoal, peat and soil samples were radiocarbon dated, permitting correlation of deposits from different sequences and the establishment of a chronological framework for the Caldeira volcanic activity. These materials yielded ages from ca. 10–1 ka bp. The average dormant interval in the Caldeira pyroclastic activity from 4–1 ka ago is ca. 400 yr, with eruptions approximately every 200–800 yr. This frequency of activity indicates that the Caldeira volcano is an active, dangerous structure that should be closely monitored.

K-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL FERTILITY IN NORTH WEST NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hassan Hayatu ◽  
Abdullahi Mohammed ◽  
Barroon Ahmad Isma’eel ◽  
Sahabi Yusuf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Relationship

Soil fertility determines a plant's development process that guarantees food sufficiency and the security of lives and properties through bumper harvests. The fertility of soil varies according to regions, thereby determining the type of crops to be planted. However, there is no repository or any source of information about the fertility of the soil in any region in Nigeria especially the Northwest of the country. The only available information is soil samples with their attributes which gives little or no information to the average farmer. This has affected crop yield in all the regions, more particularly the Northwest region, thus resulting in lower food production.  Therefore, this study is aimed at classifying soil data based on their fertility in the Northwest region of Nigeria using R programming. Data were obtained from the department of soil science from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The data contain 400 soil samples containing 13 attributes. The relationship between soil attributes was observed based on the data. K-means clustering algorithm was employed in analyzing soil fertility clusters. Four clusters were identified with cluster 1 having the highest fertility, followed by 2 and the fertility decreases with an increasing number of clusters. The identification of the most fertile clusters will guide farmers on where best to concentrate on when planting their crops in order to improve productivity and crop yield.

RADIOCARBON DATING DYNAMICS OF LANDSLIDES IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE MZYMTA RIVER BASIN (WESTERN CAUCASUS)

2018 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Yu. K. Vasil’chuk ◽  
E. S. Slyshkina ◽  
A. V. Bershov
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Northern Slope ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Ancient Landslide

The article contains materials on the study of landslide deposits in the upper reaches of the Mzymta river basin. The results of14C analysis showed that the youngest landslides are common on the southern slope of the Psekhako Ridge and date back to less than 200 and 390±90, 400±70 years ago BP and more than 770±150 years BP. The most ancient landslide-collapse on the northern slope of the Aibga Ridge and dates back to 1110±90 years BP.

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