scholarly journals The soil database and forest soil sample collection of the National Centre for Soil Mapping (CRA-ABP)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni L'Abate ◽  
Elisa Bianchetto ◽  
Edoardo A.C. Costantini
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Soil Database ◽  
National Centre

Comparative study of Cs-137 activity concentration between attic dust and urban soil from Salgotarjan city, Hungary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davaakhuu Tserendorj ◽  
Katalin Zsuzsanna Szabó Szabó ◽  
Peter Völgyesi Völgyesi ◽  
Gorkhmaz Abbaszade ◽  
Do Le Tan Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Soil ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Attic Dust

<p>The <sup>137</sup>Cs (t<sub>1/2</sub> =30 years) is a principal radioisotope that was artificially introduced into the environment through the atmospheric bomb tests took place from the middle of the 1940s to the 1980s and from the major nuclear accidents (i.e., Chernobyl, 1986 and Fukushima, 2011). From the atmosphere, <sup>137</sup>Cs easily adsorbs to particles and it returns to lithosphere (pedosphere) by wet and dry deposition as a radioactive fallout component. Due to the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the released contaminated air mass, containing Cs-137, largely propagated, deposited, and distributed across several European countries in the ambient environment (Balonov et al., 1996). These particles also reached houses (e.g. through open windows, cracks, and vents) in an urban environment and deposited inside resulting in the exposition of the habitants to <sup>137</sup>Cs, especially in areas that are not accessible for a regular cleaning like attics. Following the nuclear accidents, primary attention was drawn to agricultural areas and less attention was paid to urban environments. Accordingly, the goal of this study is to compare the <sup>137</sup>Cs activity in attic dust as undisturbed samples, and urban soils as disturbed environmental materials to determine the <sup>137</sup>Cs distribution in urban environment. </p><p>Attic dust (AD) samples were collected from 14 houses, which were built between 1900 and 1990 14 urban soil (US) samples were collected nearby the houses at a depth of 0-15 cm in Salgótarján, a former industrial city. To obtain a representative local undisturbed soil sample, a forest soil sample was collected from the upwind direction (NW) of the city. To check the <sup>137</sup>Cs content of the local industrial waste material, we also collected fly-ash slag sample from a waste dump.   AD and US samples were analyzed by a well-type HPGe and with an n-type coaxial HPGe detector in a low background iron chamber, respectively.</p><p>Cs-137 activity in the studied AD ranges from 5.51±0.9 to 165.9±3.6 Bq kg<sup>-1, </sup>with a mean value of 75.4±2.5 Bq kg<sup>-1 </sup>(decay corrected in 2016). In contrast, US samples show <sup>137</sup>Cs activity ranging between 2.3±0.4 and 13.6±0.6 Bq kg<sup>-1</sup>.  The brown forest soil sample has elevated <sup>137</sup>Cs activity concentration (18.5<strong>±</strong>0.6 Bq kg<sup>-1</sup>), compared to the urban soils. The fly-ash slags activity is below the detection limit (0.7±0.5 Bq kg<sup>-1</sup>).</p><p>The average <sup>137</sup>Cs activity in AD is ~15 times higher than that of US. This result clearly indicates that attic area provides a protected (hardly or unchanged) environment, therefore physical condition of the dust remains constant in time, and there is a small chance for chemical reaction. Forest soil proves that US were highly disturbed by anthropogenic activity. This is supported by fly-ash slag activity results.  Whereas, <sup>137</sup>Cs activity concentration of the AD samples shows significantly higher than that of the studied soils in Hungary. This confirms again US cannot show the historical atmospheric <sup>137</sup>Cs pollution such as attic dust. A statistically significant relationship (p=0.003, r<sup>2</sup>=0.05) were found between the AD and US samples. Therefore, it can be considered that attic dust remained undisturbed for decades and preserve past record of components of atmospheric pollution.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

Corrigendum to “Soil sample collection and analysis for the fugitive dust characterization study”

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (29) ◽  
pp. 4177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowell L Ashbaugh ◽  
Omar F Carvacho ◽  
Michael S Brown ◽  
Judith C Chow ◽  
John G Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Fugitive Dust ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Characterization Study

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces sp. Strain NL15-2K, a Degrader of Lignin-Derived Aromatic Compounds, Isolated from Forest Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro Nishimura ◽  
Susumu Kawakami ◽  
Hideaki Otsuka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Streptomyces Sp

Streptomyces sp. strain NL15-2K is a degrader of lignin-derived aromatic compounds and was isolated from a forest soil sample.

scholarly journals A new soil core sampler for determination bulk density in soil profile

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Prikner ◽  
F. Lachnit ◽  
F. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Core Sampler ◽  
Inner Diameter

The portable soil core sampler was engineered for gradual sampling of soil profile in the depth up to 0.5 m, which ensures extraction of the whole sample volume of soil profile in determinable depth. The portable soil core sampler was compared with the professional soil probe Eijkelkamp P1.31 (Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment, Netherlands) in field conditions. The portable sampler was compared with the physical soil sample rings in laboratory conditions to eliminate all of possible restrictive aspects affecting the procedure of measurement. The portable soil core sampler with inner diameter 71 mm, depth 120 mmenables gradually take samples of soil profile by step of 50 mmand is able to detect possible local extremes. On the other hand a soil probe is not able to reach desired accuracy in taking of a&nbsp;soil sample. Values measured from a soil probe approximately taken by step of 150 mmare inaccurate. The values of bulk density of both sampling methods were variable at significant interval from 40 into 80 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. Different values could be caused by soil profile condition and by the use of different sampling methods. The design of a portable soil sampler should be of assistance in fast and precise soil profiling sample collection, which is required to determine bulk density of the soil, its variance depending on moisture content in soil compaction determining criteria.

scholarly journals Soil Organic Carbon Baselines for Land Degradation Neutrality: Map Accuracy and Cost Tradeoffs with Respect to Complexity in Otjozondjupa, Namibia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravic Nijbroek ◽  
Kristin Piikki ◽  
Mats Söderström ◽  
Bas Kempen ◽  
Katrine Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Map Accuracy

Recent estimates show that one third of the world’s land and water resources are highly or moderately degraded. Global economic losses from land degradation (LD) are as high as USD $10.6 trillion annually. These trends catalyzed a call for avoiding future LD, reducing ongoing LD, and reversing past LD, which has culminated in the adoption of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 15.3 which aims to achieve global land degradation neutrality (LDN) by 2030. The political momentum and increased body of scientific literature have led to calls for a ‘new science of LDN’ and highlighted the practical challenges of implementing LDN. The aim of the present study was to derive LDN soil organic carbon (SOC) stock baseline maps by comparing different digital soil mapping (DSM) methods and sampling densities in a case study (Otjozondjupa, Namibia) and evaluate each approach with respect to complexity, cost, and map accuracy. The mean absolute error (MAE) leveled off after 100 samples were included in the DSM models resulting in a cost tradeoff for additional soil sample collection. If capacity is sufficient, the random forest DSM method out-performed other methods, but the improvement from using this more complex method compared to interpolating the soil sample data by ordinary kriging was minimal. The lessons learned while developing the Otjozondjupa LDN SOC baseline provide valuable insights for others who are responsible for developing LDN baselines elsewhere.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Cellulolytic and Xylanolytic Cellulomonas sp. Strain B6 Isolated from Subtropical Forest Soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Piccinni ◽  
Yanina Murua ◽  
Silvina Ghio ◽  
Paola Talia ◽  
Máximo Rivarola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolases ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Polysaccharide Degradation

Cellulomonas sp. strain B6 was isolated from a subtropical forest soil sample and presented (hemi)cellulose-degrading activity. We report here its draft genome sequence, with an estimated genome size of 4 Mb, a G+C content of 75.1%, and 3,443 predicted protein-coding sequences, 92 of which are glycosyl hydrolases involved in polysaccharide degradation.

STUDIES OF SOIL FUNGI: III. NEW SPECIES OF CONIOCHAETA, CHAETOMIDIUM, AND THIELAVIA

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1231-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy F. Cain
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Three New Species

Descriptions and illustrations are given for three new species of Ascomycetes having colored, one-celled ascospores and isolated from forest soil by J. H. Warcup. Coniochaeta tetraspora Cain sp. nov. has dark spiny hairs on the perithecium. The phialospores and blastospores are typical of the genus. The soil from which it was isolated came from Queensland, Australia. Chaetomidium minutum Cain sp. nov. has short, curved hairs on the globose, nonostiolate perithecia. The soil sample came from N. Queensland, Australia. Thielavia variospora Cain sp. nov. has black, nonostiolate, bare perithecia and was isolated from soil collected in New Guinea.

Using a legacy soil sample to develop a mid-IR spectral library

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Viscarra Rossel ◽  
Y. S. Jeon ◽  
I. O. A. Odeh ◽  
A. B. McBratney
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Spectral Library ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Database ◽  
Eastern Australia

This paper describes the development of a diffuse reflectance spectral library from a legacy soil sample. When developing a soil spectral library, it is important to consider the number of samples that are needed to adequately describe the soil variability in the region in which the library is to be used; the manner in which the soil is sampled, handled, prepared, stored, and scanned; and the reference analytical procedures used. As with any type of modelling, the dictum is ‘garbage in = garbage out’ and hopefully the converse ‘quality in = quality out’. The aims of this paper are to: (i) develop a soil mid infrared (mid-IR) diffuse reflectance spectral library for cotton-growing regions of eastern Australia from a legacy soil sample, (ii) derive soil spectral calibrations for the prediction of soil properties with uncertainty, and (iii) assess the accuracy of the predictions and populate the legacy soil database with good quality information. A scheme for the construction and use of this spectral library is presented. A total of 1878 soil samples from different layers were scanned. They originated from the Upper Namoi, Namoi, and Gwydir Valley catchments of north-western New South Wales (NSW) and the McIntyre region of southern Queensland (Qld). A conditioned Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS) scheme was used to sample the spectral data space and select 213 representative samples for laboratory soil analyses. Using these data, partial least-squares regression (PLSR) was used to construct the calibration models, which were validated internally using cross validation and externally using an independent test dataset. Models for organic C (OC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), clay content, exchangeable Ca, total N (TN), total C (TC), gravimetric moisture content θg, total sand and exchangeable Mg were robust and produced accurate results (R2adj. > 0.75 for both cross and test set validations). The root mean squared error (RMSE) of mid-IR-PLSR predictions was compared to those from (blind) duplicate laboratory measurements. Mid-IR-PLSR produced lower RMSE values for soil OC, clay content, and θg. Finally, bootstrap aggregation-PLSR (bagging-PLSR) was used to predict soil properties with uncertainty for the entire library, thus repopulating the legacy soil database with good quality soil information.

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