scholarly journals A new soil core sampler for determination bulk density in soil profile

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Prikner ◽  
F. Lachnit ◽  
F. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Core Sampler ◽  
Inner Diameter

The portable soil core sampler was engineered for gradual sampling of soil profile in the depth up to 0.5 m, which ensures extraction of the whole sample volume of soil profile in determinable depth. The portable soil core sampler was compared with the professional soil probe Eijkelkamp P1.31 (Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment, Netherlands) in field conditions. The portable sampler was compared with the physical soil sample rings in laboratory conditions to eliminate all of possible restrictive aspects affecting the procedure of measurement. The portable soil core sampler with inner diameter 71 mm, depth 120 mmenables gradually take samples of soil profile by step of 50 mmand is able to detect possible local extremes. On the other hand a soil probe is not able to reach desired accuracy in taking of a&nbsp;soil sample. Values measured from a soil probe approximately taken by step of 150 mmare inaccurate. The values of bulk density of both sampling methods were variable at significant interval from 40 into 80 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. Different values could be caused by soil profile condition and by the use of different sampling methods. The design of a portable soil sampler should be of assistance in fast and precise soil profiling sample collection, which is required to determine bulk density of the soil, its variance depending on moisture content in soil compaction determining criteria.

scholarly journals Multispectral Radiometer Signatures for Stress Evaluation in Compacted Bermudagrass Turf

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Guertal ◽  
J.N. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Stress Evaluation ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Reflectance Data

A 3-year study was conducted in Auburn, Ala., on an established hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy `Tifway'] stand maintained at a 2.54-cm mowing height. Treatments were level of soil traffic applied via a weighted golf cart to produce turf and soil that received varying amounts of traffic. Dormant bermudagrass was overseeded with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) each October, which remained until May of each year. Spectral data were collected monthly using a multispectral radiometer. Percent reflectance data were acquired over 512 discrete wavelengths in visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) ranges. Quarterly data collection included soil penetrometer and bulk density measurements to a depth of 15 cm. After 2 years of traffic, both soil penetrometer and bulk density data indicated statistically significant increases in soil compaction. In general, as traffic increased there were also increases in percent reflectance in the VIS range. Data were subject to temporal variation, however, as values changed with the date of sample collection. The NIR reflectance data provided little consistent correlation to measurements of soil compaction. Use of NIR and VIS radiometry to evaluate turf stress showed some potential, but temporal variation must be considered.

scholarly journals Sampling equipament for soil bulk density determination tested in a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox and a Typic Hapludox

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Vinícius Folegatti ◽  
René Porfirio Camponez do Brasil ◽  
Flávio Favaro Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Density Determination ◽  
Core Sampler ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Made In ◽  
Different Soils

In spatial variability studies of soil physical properties the influence of different samplers on the results is seldomly taken into account. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of five different types of sampling equipment for soil bulk density determination, in two different soils a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox and a Typic Hapludox, both of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Equipment used for soil undisturbed sampling were: (i) Uhland soil sampler; (ii) Kopecky's Ring; (iii) soil core sampler, model "Soil Moisture"; (iv) soil core sampler Bravifer AI-50 and (v) soil core sampler Bravifer AI-100. The sampling was made in 4 grids of 1m², each with 25 sampling points, with five replications, resulting 100 samples for each soil. It was concluded that the sampling techniques can influence soil bulk density distributions, mainly in the case of clayey soils (Kandiudalfic Eutrudox). The Kopecky's Ring presented larger soil density values, overestimating this property for the two soils studied. The soil core sampler Bravifer AI-50 presented results closest to the overall average of the Typic Hapludox.

scholarly journals Assessment of wheel traffic effect on soil compaction using a soil core sampler

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engin Özgöz ◽  
Tekin Öztekin ◽  
Hikmet Günal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Core Sampler

scholarly journals Surface Electrical Resistivity Tomography: a non-invasive tool to assess the compaction in paddy soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Ortuani ◽  
Camilla Negri ◽  
Arianna Facchi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Density Values

&lt;p&gt;Soil compaction has direct effects on soil physical properties (increase in soil strength, bulk density, decrease in total porosity, soil aeration, water infiltration rate, and saturated hydraulic conductivity) often reducing root penetration and plant growth, thereby causing a reduction of soil productivity. However, the presence of compacted layers in rice paddy fields increases the efficiency of the traditional flooding irrigation method. For this reason, the use of monitoring tools to detect depth, &amp;#160;thickness and lateral continuity of compacted soil layers in paddy fields is of crucial importance for the assessment of their irrigation efficiency. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is a non-invasive geophysical method which allows to detect soil horizons with different degrees of compaction. Particularly, arrays constituted of short electrodes spaced a few centimeters can be used to investigate with high vertical resolution the soil profile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a sandy loam paddy field located in the Lomellina region (PV; RISTEC project, RDP-EU, Lombardy Region), a surface ERT survey was conducted in February 2019 to verify the effectiveness of this technique in assessing soil compaction. The ERT was carried out with Wenner arrays of 48 electrodes spaced 0.1 m along a 5 m transect, to investigate the soil profile up to about 1 m depth in proximity of a soil profile trench dug for soil description and sampling. The results of the traditional soil survey (accurate description of soil horizons, including the compacted layer) were considered as reference data to evaluate the reliability of ERT results. During the ERT survey, soil samples were collected at different depths and distances along the ERT transect: texture, bulk density and porosity were successively measured in laboratory. Moreover, the volumetric soil water content was measured with a probe (ML2 ThetaProbe, Delta-T Devices). Main results show that the correlation between electrical resistivity (ER) and bulk density, soil porosity and volumetric water content is well in line with those observed in recent studies. Data points in the scatter plots are clustered based on the bulk density values; particularly, the cluster corresponding to high bulk density values (i.e. compacted soil) includes the measurement points at the depth where the ERT image shows a greater ER gradient. This depth also corresponds to the compacted layer observed during the investigation of soil profile with traditional methods. These results confirm that compacted layers can be effectively detected in ERT images by identifying depths characterized by higher ER gradients in soils with a relatively homogeneous soil texture. Consequently, an integrated approach combining surface ERT and soil sampling with a hand auger at a few depths to check the texture homogeneity and eventually collect a few soil samples for further analysis (e.g., bulk density, volumetric water content, soil hydraulic conductivity) could be explored to assess the presence and continuity of compacted layers in paddy soils, instead of intensive and extremely invasive surveys.&lt;/p&gt;

QUICK-MOUNT SOIL CORE SAMPLER FOR MEASURING BULK DENSITY

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. TESSIER ◽  
H. STEPPUHN
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Core Sample ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Retention Curve ◽  
Core Sampler ◽  
Good Measurement ◽  
Measurement Repeatability

The design for a sleeve-type, quick-mount soil core sampler for bulk density and soil water content determination and for collection of undisturbed soil samples is described and its performance discussed. This core sampler has been used to collect undisturbed soil core samples 47.5 mm in diameter and 300 mm long in tillage and seeding studies. Less than 2 min is required to retrieve, seal and store each soil core sample. The soil samples are contained in 50.8-mm-diameter aluminum liners which are easily sealed with plastic caps and stored for later laboratory analysis. This sampler resulted in very good measurement repeatability and provided subsamples suitable for water retention curve determinations. Key words: Soil sampler, coring device, bulk density, soil moisture, undisturbed cores

Motor-Driven Portable Soil Core Sampler for Volumetric Sampling

1991 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1792-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. H. Hendrickx ◽  
C. J. Ritsema ◽  
O. H. Boersma ◽  
L. W. Dekker ◽  
W. Hamminga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Core ◽  
Core Sampler ◽  
Volumetric Sampling

Contaminated flexible endoscopes: Review of impact of channel sampling methods on culture results and recommendations for root-cause analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Michelle J. Alfa ◽  
Harminder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Root Cause Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Critical Aspects

Abstract Recently, infection transmission risk associated with contaminated, patient-ready flexible endoscopes has attracted attention. Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant organisms resulting in infection and/or colonization have been particularly concerning. Recent CDC and FDA recommendations focus on reducing “exogenous” infection transmission and specifically recommend that endoscopy sites have quality systems in place for endoscope reprocessing. Another key recommendation is the culture of patient-ready endoscopes to detect contamination with organisms of concern. Remaining gaps in the guidelines include ensuring that optimal endoscope-channel sample methods are used and ensuring effective root-cause analysis and remediation when contamination is detected. In this review, we summarize the critical aspects of endoscope sample collection and present a practical approach to root-cause analysis and remedial action plans.

scholarly journals Quantifying Soil Compaction in Persimmon Orchards Using ISUM (Improved Stock Unearthing Method) and Core Sampling Methods

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Moradi ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
Enric Terol ◽  
Gaspar Mora-Navarro ◽  
Alexandre Marco da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Sampling ◽  
Core Method

Agricultural activities induce micro-topographical changes, soil compaction and structural changes due to soil cultivation, which directly affect ecosystem services. However, little is known about how these soil structural changes occur during and after the planting of orchards, and which key factors and processes play a major role in soil compaction due to cultivation works. This study evaluates the improved stock unearthing method (ISUM) as a low-cost and precise alternative to the tedious and costly traditional core sampling method, to characterize the changes in soil compaction in a representative persimmon orchard in Eastern Spain. To achieve this goal, firstly, in the field, undisturbed soil samples using metallic core rings (in January 2016 and 2019) were collected at different soil depths between 45 paired-trees, and topographic variations were determined following the protocol established by ISUM (January 2019). Our results show that soil bulk density (Bd) increases with depth and in the inter-row area, due to the effect of tractor passes and human trampling. The bulk density values of the top surface layers (0–12 cm) showed the lowest soil accumulation, but the highest temporal and spatial variability. Soil consolidation within three years after planting as calculated using the core samples was 12 mm, whereas when calculated with ISUM, it was 14 mm. The quality of the results with ISUM was better than with the traditional core method, due to the higher amount of sampling points. The ISUM is a promising method to measure soil compaction, but it is restricted to the land where soil erosion does not take place, or where soil erosion is measured to establish a balance of soil redistribution. Another positive contribution of ISUM is that it requires 24 h of technician work to acquire the data, whereas the core method requires 272 h. Our research is the first approach to use ISUM to quantify soil compaction and will contribute to applying innovative and low-cost monitoring methods to agricultural land and conserving ecosystem services.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA COMPACTAÇÃO E DO CULTIVO DE SOJA NOS ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS E NA CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA EM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO

Irriga ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽  
José Frederico Centurion ◽  
Cassiano Garcia Roque ◽  
Zigomar Menezes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Loose Soil ◽  
Physical Attributes

INFLUÊNCIA DA COMPACTAÇÃO E DO CULTIVO DE SOJA NOS ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS E NA CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA EM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO   Amauri Nelson BeutlerJosé Frederico CenturionCassiano Garcia RoqueZigomar Menezes de SouzaDepartamento de Solos e Adubos, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP. CEP 14870-000. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]  1 RESUMO              Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a influência da compactação e do cultivo de soja nos atributos físicos e na condutividade hidráulica de um Latossolo Vermelho de textura média. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual Paulista – Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal (SP). Os tratamentos foram: 0, 1, 2, 4 e 6 passadas de um trator, uma ao lado da outra perfazendo toda a superfície do solo, com quatro repetições. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado para a condutividade hidráulica e, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 para os atributos físicos. Foram coletadas amostras de solo nas faixas de profundidades de 0,02-0,05; 0,07-0,10 e 0,15-0,18 m, por ocasião da semeadura e após a colheita para determinação da densidade do solo, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade do solo. A condutividade hidráulica do solo foi determinada após a colheita. O tempo entre a semeadura e a colheita de soja foi suficiente para aumentar a compactação do solo apenas na condição de solo solto. A compactação do solo reduziu a condutividade hidráulica em relação a condição natural (mata) e a condição de solo solto, sendo que esta não foi reduzida, após a primeira passagem, com o aumento no número de passagens.  UNITERMOS: Densidade do solo, porosidade do solo, infiltração de água, soja.  BEUTLER, A. N.; CENTURION, J. F.; ROQUE, C. G.; SOUZA, Z. M. COMPACTION AND SOYBEAN GROW INFLUENCE ON PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES AND  HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY IN RED LATOSSOL SOIL   2 ABSTRACT  The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of compaction and soybean grow on physical attributes and hydraulic conductivity of a Red Latossol, medium texture soil. The experiment was carried out in the experimental farm at the Paulista State University  – Agricultural Science College, Jaboticabal – São Paulo state. The treatments were 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 side-by-side tractor strides on the soil surface with four replications. The experimental design was completely randomized for hydraulic conductivity and a 5 x 2 factorial design for soil physical attributes. Soil samples have been collected at 0.02-0.05, 0.07-0.10 and 0.15-0.18 m depth at sowing season and after harvest in order to determine soil bulk density, total porosity, macro and micro porosity. Soil hydraulic conductivity was determined after harvest. The time period between the soybean sowing and harvesting was enough to increase soil compaction only in loose soil condition. Soil compaction reduced hydraulic conductivity compared to the natural (forest) and loose soil condition  KEYWORDS: Bulk density, soil porosity, water infiltration, soybean.

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