Including Sociological Practice: A Global Perspective and the US Case

2014 ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Global Perspective ◽  
Sociological Practice ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Global Text Mining and Development of Pharmacogenomic Knowledge Resource for Precision Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debleena Guin ◽  
Jyoti Rani ◽  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Sandeep Grover ◽  
Shivangi Bora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
Response Prediction ◽  
R Package ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Manual Curation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Benchmark Datasets

Understanding patients’ genomic variations and their effect in protecting or predisposing them to drug response phenotypes is important for providing personalized healthcare. Several studies have manually curated such genotype–phenotype relationships into organized databases from clinical trial data or published literature. However, there are no text mining tools available to extract high-accuracy information from such existing knowledge. In this work, we used a semiautomated text mining approach to retrieve a complete pharmacogenomic (PGx) resource integrating disease–drug–gene-polymorphism relationships to derive a global perspective for ease in therapeutic approaches. We used an R package, pubmed.mineR, to automatically retrieve PGx-related literature. We identified 1,753 disease types, and 666 drugs, associated with 4,132 genes and 33,942 polymorphisms collated from 180,088 publications. With further manual curation, we obtained a total of 2,304 PGx relationships. We evaluated our approach by performance (precision = 0.806) with benchmark datasets like Pharmacogenomic Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) (0.904), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) (0.600), and The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) (0.729). We validated our study by comparing our results with 362 commercially used the US- Food and drug administration (FDA)-approved drug labeling biomarkers. Of the 2,304 PGx relationships identified, 127 belonged to the FDA list of 362 approved pharmacogenomic markers, indicating that our semiautomated text mining approach may reveal significant PGx information with markers for drug response prediction. In addition, it is a scalable and state-of-art approach in curation for PGx clinical utility.

scholarly journals Inequality in a global perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Kanbur
Keyword(s):  
Relative Weight ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Global Constraints ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
China And India ◽  
Redistribution Policy ◽  
Institutional Responses ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Globalized World

Abstract The basic story of global inequality in the last three decades has been an overall decline, but one which is composed of quite intricate patterns. There has been a decline in between-country inequality as China and India have grown relative to the US and other rich countries. This has been accompanied by an increase in within-country inequality, but this is itself composed of rising inequality in some countries such as China, India, and the US, and declining inequality in other countries, including large economies in Latin America. Section II of the paper reviews these patterns, highlighting country diversity to make the central point that policy matters. Section III addresses a normative question—what relative weight should be given to within-country and between-country inequality in making an overall global assessment? This section brings on board recent philosophical discourse, including on inequality of opportunity in a global frame. Section IV returns to the ‘policy matters’ theme and takes up global constraints on national redistribution policy in a globalized world: for example, a race to the bottom on taxation to attract and keep capital and talent, and possible global institutional responses to alleviate these constraints.

Second interim analysis of GIDEON (Global Investigation of Therapeutic Decisions in Unresectable HCC and of Its Treatment with Sorafenib): U.S. versus global perspective on patient and disease characteristics, treatment history, and sorafenib use.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 278-278
Author(s):  
Robert C. G. Martin ◽  
Anthony B. El-Khoueiry ◽  
Alec Goldenberg ◽  
Alan Paul Venook ◽  
Parvez Mantry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Interim Analysis ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Treatment History ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
The Us ◽  
Prior Surgery

278 Background: GIDEON is a global, prospective, noninterventional study of patients (pts) treated with sorafenib (SOR) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). Regions evaluated included US, Europe, Japan, Asia Pacific, and Latin America. Detailed regional data were presented by Kudo et al (ILCA 2011, abstr 0-030). Data from the second US interim analysis are compared to global results. Methods: Eligible pts had uHCC and were treated with SOR. Demographics, disease etiology, treatment history, and SOR dosing were compared in a descriptive, preplanned subgroup analysis. Results: Global and US safety populations comprised 1571 and 313 pts, respectively. In the US, hepatitis B was less common (18% vs 37% global) whereas hepatitis C was more frequent (53% vs 32% global). Alcoholic liver disease etiology was higher in US pts (41% vs 29% global). US pts were diagnosed with later-stage disease, but fewer US pts had documented BCLC and Child-Pugh status. Fewer US pts had an ECOG PS 0 at start of SOR (28% vs 40% global). Rates of prior surgery and locoregional treatment were similar in US (11% and 49%, respectively) and global pts (19% and 55%, respectively). US pts treated with TACE (n = 116) underwent fewer TACE procedures (≥3: 13.8% vs 38.9% global); most (59%) TACE-treated pts in the US received 1 treatment. In US vs global pts, median time from prior surgery to start of SOR was 10 months (range 1-61) vs 14 months (range 1-181) and median time from last TACE to start of SOR was 3.2 months vs 3.1 months. Conclusions: Disease characteristics and treatment patterns for pts with uHCC in the US differ from those in the global population. US pts enrolled in GIDEON (ie, receiving SOR) have differing etiologies of liver disease and have a greater proportion of hepatic dysfunction, likely accounting for worse performance status. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals The Diplomatic Pioneer: Provenance, Patrimony, Pertinence Marking the 75th Anniversary of the Institute of International Relations

2019 ◽  
pp. 799-810
Author(s):  
Valerii Kopiika
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Education ◽  
English Language ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Erasmus Programme

Universities have historically merited a special place in world history as the locus of science, upbringing, humanism, and freedom of expression. However, modernity is routinely putting their tenacity and toughness to test by challenges of social existence, where every individual, government and society alike are transforming faced with globalization, communicative technologies, climate change and the new type of the world economy. The Institute of International Relations is therefore seeking to reiterate the irreplaceable value, virtues and vistas of a classical university in the ever-changing world of today. Since its inception, the IIR has come a long way from a small department to the major educational and methodological centre of Ukraine for training experts in international relations and foreign policy. Nevertheless, the life in the precincts of the Institute is not confined to research in the silence of laboratories or libraries. Thus, under interuniversity agreements, the IIR cooperates with more than 60 higher educational establishments from Belgium, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Iran, Japan, Poland, the Republic of Korea, Spain, and the US. Within the framework of international cooperation attention is also attached to the matters of professional ethics: For four consecutive years, the IIR has taken part in the Strengthening Academic Integrity in Ukraine Project (SAIUP) under the aegis of the American Councils for International Education in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine backed by the US Embassy in Ukraine. In recent years, the Institute has set up an extensive network of international project activities, as amply demonstrated by the establishment of Ukraine’s sole Centre for Arabic Studies and the Youth Information Centre of the Ukrainian Red Cross Society. Capitalizing on the generated momentum, in 2019, the IIR won an overarching victory in the competition for the establishment of the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence under the EU’s Erasmus + Programme to become the only such project in Ukraine. The Institute of International Relations is also mindful of employability and future careers of its graduates. Such initiatives as the Career Day, traditionally bringing together the world’s leading employers, the IIR Business School and the Memorandum of Cooperation between the Institute and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine are there to serve this purpose. Our Institute is an opportunity to open up to the world by virtue of new knowledge, academic exchange programs and internship in the best universities. This is the place not only to meet loyal friends and wise teachers, but also to unite the IIR traditions and achievements with the global perspective and break new ground of thinking. Keywords: the Institute of International Relations, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, joint degree, master classes of practitioners, case studies, language training, English-language master programmes.

scholarly journals A global perspective on aerosol from low-volatility organic compounds

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 4079-4141 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. O. T. Pye ◽  
J. H. Seinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Global Estimate ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Us ◽  
Aerosol Source

Abstract. Organic aerosol from primary semivolatile and intermediate volatility compounds is estimated using a global chemical transport model. Semivolatile organic compound (SVOC, saturation concentrations between about 0.1 and 104 μg/m3) oxidation is predicted to be a much larger global source of net aerosol production than oxidation of traditional parent hydrocarbons (terpenes, isoprene, and aromatics). Using a prescribed rate constant and reduction in volatility, the yield of aerosol (defined as the net mass of aerosol formed divided by the total mass of the parent hydrocarbon emitted) from SVOCs is predicted to be about 75% on a global, annually averaged basis. Intermediate volatility compound (IVOC, saturation concentrations between about 104 and 106 μg/m3) emissions and oxidation are highly uncertain since they are not typically measured. The use of a naphthalene-like surrogate with different high-NOx and low-NOx parameterizations produces an aerosol yield of about 30% or roughly 5 Tg/yr of aerosol from IVOC oxidation on a global basis. Estimates of the total global organic aerosol source presented here range between 60 and 100 Tg/yr. This range reflects uncertainty in the parameters for SVOC volatility, SVOC oxidation, SVOC emissions, and IVOC emissions, as well as wet deposition. The highest estimates result if SVOC emissions are significantly underestimated (by more than a factor of 2) or if wet deposition of the gas-phase semivolatile species is less effective than previous estimates. Compared to a traditional non-volatile primary organic aerosol model without IVOCs, the global estimate of organic aerosol production is at most roughly 10% higher than previous studies. Additional information is needed to constrain the emissions and treatment of SVOCs and IVOCs, which have traditionally not been included in models. Comparisons to winter organic carbon observations over the US indicate that SVOC emissions are significantly underestimated by the traditional POA inventories. The degree to which IVOC emissions or other parameters are uncertain is unknown.

The Oxford Handbook of Hedge Funds

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hedge Funds ◽  
Optimal Taxation ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Hedge Fund ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Fund Flows ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hedge Fund Activism ◽  
The Impact

The Oxford Handbook of Hedge Funds provides a comprehensive look at the hedge fund industry from a global perspective. The chapters are organized into five main parts. After the introductory chapter in Part I, Part II begins in Chapter 2 with an analysis of the main factors that have affected the operation of hedge funds. Chapter 3 explains the concept of hedge fund flows. Chapter 4 examines hedge fund manager fees and contracts. Part III focuses on different types of hedge fund strategies. The broad array of strategies are summarized in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 empirically examines the performance of hedge fund strategies. Chapter 7 compares the strategies of hedge funds to private equity funds. Chapter 8 examines hedge fund herding. Chapter 9 examines hedge fund commodity trading advisors and leverage. Chapter 10 examines financial technology in hedge fund strategies. In Part IV, hedge fund activism in the US is examined in Chapter 11. The US and international literature on hedge fund activism is reviewed in different perspectives in Chapters 12 and 13. Case studies are provided in Chapter 14. The impact of activism on large company innovation is discussed in Chapter 15. In Part V, Chapter 16 examines whether hedge funds may engage in misreporting and fraud. Chapter 17 reviews work on hedge fund misconduct and detection. Chapter 18 discusses compliance among hedge funds. Chapter 19 examines theoretical approaches to hedge fund regulation. Chapter 20 examines optimal taxation. Chapter 21 examines hedge funds from a political economy context.

Second interim analysis of Global Investigation of Therapeutic Decisions in Unresectable HCC and of its Treatment with Sorafenib (GIDEON): U.S. versus global perspective on patient and disease characteristics, treatment history, and sorafenib use.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14581-e14581
Author(s):  
Alec Goldenberg ◽  
Anthony B. El-Khoueiry ◽  
Robert C. G. Martin ◽  
Alan Paul Venook ◽  
Parvez Mantry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Time ◽  
Interim Analysis ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Treatment History ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Prior Surgery

e14581 Background: GIDEON is a global, prospective, noninterventional study of patients (pts) treated with sorafenib (SOR) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). Regions evaluated included US, Europe, Japan, Asia Pacific, and Latin America. Using data from the second interim analysis, we compare safety and efficacy of sorafenib in US pts with the entire (global) study population. Methods: Eligible pts had uHCC and were treated with SOR. Demographics, disease etiology, treatment history, and SOR dosing were compared in a descriptive, preplanned subgroup analysis. Results: The safety population comprised 1571 pts. In the 313 US pts, hepatitis B was less common (18% vs 37% global), but hepatitis C was more frequent (53% vs 32% global) (Table). Rate of alcoholic liver disease was higher in US pts (41% vs 29% global). At start of SOR, fewer US pts had BCLC stage C-D disease (49% vs 60% global), but more US pts were Child-Pugh (CP) B or C status (38% vs 25% global) (Table). Rates of prior surgery and locoregional treatment (LRT) were similar in US (11% and 49%, respectively) and global pts (19% and 55%, respectively). US pts received fewer TACE procedures (≥3 treatments: 13.8% vs 38.9% global); most (59%) TACE-treated pts in the US received 1 treatment. In US vs global pts, median time from prior surgery to start of SOR was 10 months (range 1-61) vs 14 months (range 1-181) and median time from last TACE to start of SOR was 3.2 months vs 3.1 months. Conclusions: Disease characteristics and treatment patterns differ in the US and global GIDEON populations. Although its limitations as an observational study must be considered, GIDEON is a valuable repository of data reflecting real-world practices in a variety of regions and pt types. [Table: see text]

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