scholarly journals Agricultural Marketing Service

2020 ◽  
pp. 586-592
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Marketing Service

Classifying cotton bark and grass extraneous matter using image analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 891-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek P Whitelock ◽  
S Ed Hughs ◽  
Carlos B Armijo
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Shape Parameters ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Color Parameters ◽  
New Information ◽  
Segmentation Analysis ◽  
Marketing Service

Cotton extraneous matter (EM) and special conditions are the only cotton quality attributes still determined manually by US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service (USDA-AMS) classers. To develop a machine EM classing system, a better understanding of what triggers a classer EM call is needed. The goal of this work was to develop new information about cotton EM, such as bark and grass, and leaf particles, using machine measurements, to aid in the development of instrumentation for cotton quality measurements. AMS classers were tasked in identifying and denoting bark/grass in large-area color images of cotton samples. Image segmentation analysis was applied to detect non-cotton items, such as leaf particles, and the classer denoted bark/grass objects were segmented manually. Further image analysis was used to measure shape and color parameters of these bark/grass objects and leaf particles in the sample images. These measurements of the bark/grass objects and leaf particles were compared and logistical regression analyses conducted to evaluate classification. For every shape and color parameter, there were significant differences between the bark/grass objects and the detected leaf particles in the images. The differences were greater for the shape parameters than for the color parameters. A classification model with shape, color, and log-transformed shape parameters consistently classified the bark/grass objects and leaf particles most accurately with 99.5% and 97.6% correct classification rate, respectively. However, classification models that were 99% correct classifying manually segmented bark/grass were only about 77% correct when applied to the machine detected bark/grass particles.

Organization of the Executive Branch of the National Government of the United States: Changes between April 12 and July 15, 1940

1940 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-963
Author(s):  
L. F. Schmeckebier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Executive Order ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Naval Stores ◽  
Advisory Commission ◽  
Marketing Service

As in previous lists, mention is here confined generally to units specifically authorized by law or established by the President by executive order or Reorganization Plans under general authority vested in him. Changes in units created by heads of departments or independent establishments are excluded unless of major importance.Administration of Insecticide Act and Naval Stores Act. Transferred to Agricultural Marketing Service from Food and Drug Administration by Order 865 of the Secretary of Agriculture of June 19, 1940, effective June 30, 1940.Advisory Commission to Council of National Defense. On May 28, 1940, the President announced the creation of an Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense, although the official nomination of members by the Council did not appear until the publication of the Federal Register for June 26. The Council consists of the Secretaries of War, Navy, Interior, Commerce, Agriculture, and Labor, and the act of August 29, 1916 (39 Stat. L. 649),authorizes it to nominate and the President to appoint an advisory commission. The members of the Commission receive no compensation, but are reimbursed for expenses.

Rodent Excreta Contamination and Insect Damage of Wheat

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN S. GECAN ◽  
JOEL J. THRASHER ◽  
WILLIAM EISENBERG ◽  
PARIS M. BRICKEY
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Data ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Marketing Service

A survey was made to determine the levels of insect damage and rodent excreta pellets in wheat. The analytical data obtained represented the various grade designations of wheat normally encountered during wheat grade certification in the 34 Agricultural Marketing Service, Grain Division, field offices. The mean and range of weights of insect-damaged kernels per 100 g and rodent excreta pellets and pellet fragments per kilogram were 71.5 mg (0–3809 mg) and 0.9 mg (0–100 mg), respectively. The mean and range of numbers of insect-damaged kernels and rodent excreta pellets were 3.3 (0–169) and 0.1 (0–11), respectively. The percentages of samples containing insect-damaged kernels and rodent excreta were approximately 35 and 7%, respectively.

Confounding Role of Salmonella Serotype Dublin Testing Results of Boneless and Ground Beef Purchased for the National School Lunch Program, October 2013 to July 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-636
Author(s):  
SCOTT L. VIAL ◽  
DARIN R. DOERSCHER ◽  
CARL M. SCHROEDER ◽  
ALI J. STRICKLAND ◽  
CRAIG W. HEDBERG
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Salmonella Dublin ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Nutrition Assistance ◽  
Nutrition Assistance Programs ◽  
Marketing Service

ABSTRACT The Agricultural Marketing Service procures boneless and ground beef for federal nutrition assistance programs. It tests procured beef for concentrations of standard plate counts (SPCs), coliforms, and Escherichia coli and for the presence of Salmonella and Shiga toxin–producing E. coli. Any lot exceeding predefined critical limits (100,000 CFU g−1 for SPCs, 1,000 CFU g−1 for coliforms, and 500 CFU g−1 for E. coli) or positive for Salmonella or Shiga toxin–producing E. coli is rejected for purchase. Between 1 October 2013 and 31 July 2017, 166,796 boneless beef lots (each approximately 900 kg) and 25,051 ground beef sublots (each approximately 4,500 kg) were produced. Salmonella was detected in 1,955 (1.17%) boneless beef lots and 219 (0.87%) ground beef sublots. Salmonella sample size increased from an individual 25-g sample to a co-enriched 325-g sample on 1 March 2015. Salmonella presence was associated with season (lowest in spring), larger sample size, and increased log SPC in boneless and ground beef. Increased log E. coli was associated with Salmonella presence in boneless beef, but not ground beef. Salmonella Dublin was the most common serotype in boneless beef (743 of 1,407, 52.8%) and ground beef (35 of 171, 20.5%). Salmonella Dublin was generally associated with lower indicator microorganism concentrations compared with other Salmonella serotypes as a group. Relative to other Salmonella, Salmonella Dublin was associated with season (more common in spring) and smaller sample size in boneless and ground beef. Decreased log SPCs and log coliforms were associated with Salmonella Dublin presence in boneless beef, but not in ground beef. Differential associations between Salmonella Dublin and other serotypes with indicator microorganisms were strong enough to cause confounding and suggest that the presence of Salmonella Dublin needs to be accounted for when evaluating indicator performance to assess Salmonella risk in boneless and ground beef. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals HOW ACCURATE ARE FARMERS IN ASSESSING THE GAINS ASSOCIATED WITH QUALITY? THE CASE OF THE MEAT GOAT INDUSTRY

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY GILLESPIE ◽  
NARAYAN NYAUPANE ◽  
KENNETH McMILLIN
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
College Degrees ◽  
Meat Goat ◽  
Marketing Service ◽  
Service Data ◽  
Subjective Estimates

AbstractMeat goat producers were queried to determine subjective estimates of premiums they would receive for slaughter kids of various selection classes. Market-based predicted premium estimates were obtained via regression using published U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service data. Subjective versus market-based predicted premium estimates were compared to determine producer accuracy in predicting premiums. Producers tended to overestimate quality premiums. Producers more accurate in their estimates tended to be larger-scale and older and to hold college degrees, sell more slaughter goats via auction, and manage their goats more intensively. Results contribute to the literature on producer accuracy in predicting prices.

scholarly journals Grading Peanut Butter Using Video Image Analysis Techniques1

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Whitaker ◽  
J. W. Dickens ◽  
A. B. Slate
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Video Image ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Video Image Analysis ◽  
Color Indices ◽  
Marketing Service ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract A video image analysis system was designed to quantitatively measure the amount of specks and the color of peanut butter samples for grade purposes. The video image of a peanut butter surface 5.8 cm by 5.8 cm was captured and converted into 384 by 384 picture elements (pixels). The intensity of each of the 147,456 pixels was classified into one of 256 shades of gray from zero for black to 255 for white. The percent of total pixels that represented specks was defined as the speck index. The aveage shade of gray of all 147,456 pixels was defined as the color index. The speck and color indices were computed for 52 peanut butter samples that had been graded by experienced Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) inspectors. The speck and color indices were both in good agreement with the AMS speck and color classifications assigned to the samples by the AMS inspectors.

scholarly journals PRICE DETERMINANTS OF BRED COWS

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES L. MITCHELL ◽  
DERRELL S. PEEL ◽  
B. WADE BRORSEN
Keyword(s):  
Market Value ◽  
Lower Price ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Price Premiums ◽  
Hedonic Modeling ◽  
Price Determinants ◽  
Marketing Service ◽  
Service Data

AbstractHedonic modeling of Oklahoma cow auction data is used to determine the market value of bred cow characteristics. We use Agricultural Marketing Service data that let us consider more years and more lots of cattle than is typical for a cattle hedonic study. The greatest price premiums were for black, late-gestating cows, categorized as high quality by market reporters and weighing between 1,600 and 1,700 lb. Previous research on optimal cow size finds much smaller-size cows are optimal, and our research finds that larger cows receive a lower price per pound but still receive a substantially higher price per head.

Retires from USDA Agricultural Marketing Service

1963 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 174-174
Author(s):  
Herbert Findlen
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Marketing Service

scholarly journals PRICE REPORTING IN A THIN MARKET

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAYODE AJEWOLE ◽  
TED C. SCHROEDER ◽  
JOE PARCELL
Keyword(s):  
Market Information ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Transaction Prices ◽  
Thin Markets ◽  
Thin Market ◽  
Marketing Service ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Normally Distributed

AbstractThin markets create challenges for reporting market information by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and for users of the information. This study examines distributions of transactions comprising daily price reports in the U.S. hog market. We determine publicly reported daily prices are sensitive to which packing plants buy hogs. Transaction prices comprising USDA Agricultural Marketing Service price reports are not normally distributed; care must be taken in reporting and interpreting transaction prices. Economically important variations in prices occur because of packer-specific indicators. Daily reported prices are used as base prices in marketing agreements, making variation of even greater importance.

Survey of U.S. Wheat for Ochratoxin and Aflatoxin

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-124
Author(s):  
Odette L Shotwell ◽  
Marion L Goulden ◽  
Clifford W Hesseltine
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Marketing Service ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Abstract A total of 291 hard red winter wheat samples, 286 hard red spring wheat samples, and 271 soft red winter wheat samples were analyzed for the presence of ochratoxin and aflatoxin. Samples in all grades came from those collected during crop years 1970–1973 for grade determinations by the Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Sensitivity limits of the analytical method as carried out were 1–3 ppb aflatoxin B1 and 15–30 ppb ochratoxin A. No aflatoxin was detected in any sample. Three samples of hard red winter wheat (Grades U.S. No. 4 and 5 and Sample Grade) contained ochratoxin A (trace, 35, and 25 ppb, respectively). Eight of the hard red spring wheats contained ochratoxin A (15-115 ppb); these were in Grades U.S. No. 4 and 5 and Sample Grade.

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