scholarly journals Prognostic and Predictive Significance of Stromal Fibroblasts and Macrophages in Colon Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 7s1 ◽  
pp. BIC.S25247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Y. Owusu ◽  
Mudit Vaid ◽  
Pawan Kaler ◽  
Lidija Klampfer
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Stromal Fibroblasts ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Colon Cancer Progression ◽  
Prognostic And Predictive Factors

Colon cancer development and malignant progression are driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor cells and by factors from the tumor microenvironment. Cancer cells become reliant on the activity of specific oncogenes and on prosurvival and proliferative signals they receive from the abnormal environment they create and reside in. Accordingly, the response to anticancer therapy is determined by genetic and epigenetic changes that are intrinsic to tumor cells and by the factors present in the tumor microenvironment. Recent advances in the understanding of the involvement of the tumor microenvironment in tumor progression and therapeutic response are optimizing the application of prognostic and predictive factors in colon cancer. Moreover, new targets in the tumor microenvironment that are amenable to therapeutic intervention have been identified. Because stromal cells are with rare exceptions genetically stable, the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a preferred target for therapeutic drugs. In this review, we discuss the role of stromal fibroblasts and macrophages in colon cancer progression and in the response of colon cancer patients to therapy.

Role of Tumor Specific niche in Colon Cancer Progression and Emerging Therapies by Targeting Tumor Microenvironment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antara Banerjee ◽  
Yashna Chabria ◽  
Rajesh Kanna N. R. ◽  
Janani Gopi ◽  
Praveen Rowlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Emerging Therapies ◽  
Colon Cancer Progression

Role of MicroRNAs in Colon Cancer Progression and Metastasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruthi Sanjitha Sampath ◽  
Sivaramakrishnan Venkatabalsubramanian ◽  
Satish Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Colon Cancer Progression ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

: MicroRNAs regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by binding to the mRNA of their target genes. The dysfunction of miRNAs is strongly associated with the inflammation of the colon. Besides, some microRNAs are shown to suppress tumours while others promote tumour progression and metastasis. Inflammatory bowel diseases include Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis which increase the risk factor for inflammation-associated colon cancer. MicroRNAs are shown to be involved in gastrointestinal pathologies, by targeting the transcripts encoding proteins of the intestinal barrier and their regulators that are associated with inflammation and colon cancer. Detection of these microRNAs in the blood, serum, tissues, faecal matter, etc will enable us to use these microRNAs as biomarkers for early detection of the associated malignancies and design novel therapeutic strategies to overcome the same. Information on MicroRNAs can be applied for the development of targeted therapies against inflammation-mediated colon cancer.

scholarly journals Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF): fuel for cancer progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Satija ◽  
Harpreet Kaur ◽  
Murtaza M. Tambuwala ◽  
Prabal Sharma ◽  
Manish Vyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Transcription Factor Activation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Reactions

Hypoxia is an integral part of tumor microenvironment, caused primarily due to rapidly multiplying tumor cells and a lack of proper blood supply. Among the major hypoxic pathways, HIF-1 transcription factor activation is one of the widely investigated pathways in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME). HIF-1 is known to activate several adaptive reactions in response to oxygen deficiency in tumor cells. HIF-1 has two subunits, HIF-1β (constitutive) and HIF-1α (inducible). The HIF-1α expression is largely regulated via various cytokines (through PI3K-ACT-mTOR signals), which involves the cascading of several growth factors and oncogenic cascades. These events lead to the loss of cellular tumor suppressant activity through changes in the level of oxygen via oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent pathways. The significant and crucial role of HIF in cancer progression and its underlying mechanisms have gained much attention lately among the translational researchers in the fields of cancer and biological sciences, which have enabled them to correlate these mchanisms with various other disease modalities. In the present review, we have summarized the key findings related to the role of HIF in the progression of tumors.

Abstract 5033: The role of the epigenetic regulator SATB2 in colon cancer progression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donal J. Brennan ◽  
Kirsha Naicker ◽  
Sudipto Das ◽  
Bruce Moran ◽  
Rut Klinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Epigenetic Regulator ◽  
Colon Cancer Progression

scholarly journals Biological mechanisms linked to inflammation in cancer: Discovery of tumor microenvironment-related biomarkers and their clinical application in solid tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Nisticò ◽  
Gennaro Ciliberto
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
The Relationship

Our view of cancer biology radically shifted from a “cancer-cell-centric” vision to a view of cancer as an organ disease. The concept that genetic and/or epigenetic alterations, at the basis of cancerogenesis, are the main if not the exclusive drivers of cancer development and the principal targets of therapy, has now evolved to include the tumor microenvironment in which tumor cells can grow, proliferate, survive, and metastasize only within a favorable environment. The interplay between cancer cells and the non-cellular and cellular components of the tumor microenvironment plays a fundamental role in tumor development and evolution both at the primary site and at the level of metastasis. The shape of the tumor cells and tumor mass is the resultant of several contrasting forces either pro-tumoral or anti-tumoral which have at the level of the tumor microenvironment their battle field. This crucial role of tumor microenvironment composition in cancer progression also dictates whether immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies is going to be efficacious. Hence, tumor microenvironment deconvolution has become of great relevance in order to identify biomarkers predictive of efficacy of immunotherapy. In this short paper we will briefly review the relationship between inflammation and cancer, and will summarize in 10 short points the key concepts learned so far and the open challenges to be solved.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell Administration Attenuates Colon Cancer Progression by Modulating the Immune Component within the Colorectal Tumor Microenvironment

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine François ◽  
Benoit Usunier ◽  
Marie-Elisabeth Forgue-Lafitte ◽  
Bruno L'Homme ◽  
Marc Benderitter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Colorectal Tumor ◽  
Colon Cancer Progression

scholarly journals A Potential Role of IL-6/IL-6R in the Development and Management of Colon Cancer

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Mimmo Turano ◽  
Francesca Cammarota ◽  
Francesca Duraturo ◽  
Paola Izzo ◽  
Marina De Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Sporadic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer Progression ◽  
Interleukin 6 Receptor

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer worldwide and the second greatest cause of cancer deaths. About 75% of all CRCs are sporadic cancers and arise following somatic mutations, while about 10% are hereditary cancers caused by germline mutations in specific genes. Several factors, such as growth factors, cytokines, and genetic or epigenetic alterations in specific oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes, play a role during the adenoma–carcinoma sequence. Recent studies have reported an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) levels in the sera of patients affected by colon cancer that correlate with the tumor size, suggesting a potential role for IL-6 in colon cancer progression. IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine showing both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles. Two different types of IL-6 signaling are known. Classic IL-6 signaling involves the binding of IL-6 to its membrane receptor on the surfaces of target cells; alternatively, IL-6 binds to sIL-6R in a process called IL-6 trans-signaling. The activation of IL-6 trans-signaling by metalloproteinases has been described during colon cancer progression and metastasis, involving a shift from membrane-bound interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) expression on the tumor cell surface toward the release of soluble IL-6R. In this review, we aim to shed light on the role of IL-6 signaling pathway alterations in sporadic colorectal cancer and the development of familial polyposis syndrome. Furthermore, we evaluate the possible roles of IL-6 and IL-6R as biomarkers useful in disease follow-up and as potential targets for therapy, such as monoclonal antibodies against IL-6 or IL-6R, or a food-based approach against IL-6.

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