scholarly journals Prevalence of strabismus among preschool children in eastern China and comparison at a 5-year interval: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e055112
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Andi Zhao ◽  
Xiaohan Zhang ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
Hui Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Intermittent Exotropia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency

ObjectiveTo update data on strabismus and evaluate the changes in prevalence and patterns among preschoolers in eastern China over a period of 5 years.DesignNanjing Eye Study, a longitudinal population-based study.SettingRecruitment and testing in kindergartens in Yuhuatai District, Nanjing.Participants2300 eligible children.Main outcome measuresComprehensive ocular examinations were conducted in 1986 children aged 48–<60 months in Nanjing Eye Study (NES, 2016–2017), including visual acuity, ocular alignment, refractive error and ocular structures evaluation. The prevalence rate and pattern of strabismus were calculated and compared with those from the Nanjing Pediatric Vision Project (NPVP, 2011–2012) in children of the same age, of the same area and using the same diagnostic criteria.ResultsThe overall prevalence rate of strabismus in NES was 5.56% (95% CI 4.54% to 6.57%), which was not significantly different from that in NPVP (4.99%, 95% CI 4.13% to 5.84%, p=0.40). The prevalence of subtypes of strabismus underwent significant changes, with significant increase in intermittent exotropia (IXT) in NES (2.78% vs 4.69%, p=0.001) and significant decrease in constant exotropia (1.17% vs 0.15%, p<0.001). Significant change in pattern was observed in IXT, where the proportion of the convergence insufficiency type (2.90% vs 27.17%) increased and exceeded the divergence excess type (20.29% vs 11.96%) to be the second common type (p<0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of strabismus appeared stable in children aged 48–<60 months in eastern China at a 5-year interval. The prevalence of IXT increased significantly, and the convergence insufficiency type became more prevalent in patients with IXT. Timely detection and intervention of IXT are important among preschoolers.

scholarly journals Prevalence of injury and its associated factors in a rural area of eastern Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
V K Khanal ◽  
R Upreti ◽  
U Oli ◽  
A K Sunny ◽  
A Ghimire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Injury Pattern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pattern Of Injury ◽  
Public Health Threat

Injury is a serious public health threat as it is one of the leading cause of death globally. This study aims to assess the prevalence of injury, pattern of injury and its associated factors among people residing in a rural area of Aurabani VDC of Eastern Nepal. A population based cross sectional study was carried out among 552 people residing in selected wards with door to door visit. The prevalence of minor injury was 3.1% and major was 0.4% per year in the study.Most common mode of injury was fall and most common type was incised wound. Injuries mostly occurred in extremities, in morning time, autumn season and in roads while most of the injuries were accidental in nature. 

scholarly journals 1247Low-calorie sweeteners consumption: a population-based study from Campinas, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Fagundes Grilo ◽  
Ana Clara Duran
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata

Abstract Background The addition of low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) has been increasingly used by industry but their metabolic effects are controversial. Objectives: to estimate the consumption of foods and beverages with LCS among adolescents, adults and the elderly and to verify which food categories most contribute to this consumption. Methods Cross-sectional study. We used data from the Campinas Health Survey (ISACamp 2014-15) and the Food Consumption and Nutritional Status Survey (ISACamp-Nutri 2015-16) of 2570 individuals from 10 years old. We estimated the prevalence of LCS consumption and described the food categories that most contributed to this consumption. Using regression analysis, we verified which population groups had the highest consumption of products with LCS. Results More than 40% of adolescents, adults and the elderly consumed at least one product with LCS, mainly coming from sweetened beverages, tabletop sweeteners, and yogurt and other dairy beverages. The consumption of LCS was evenly found across adolescents and elderly from all socioeconomic strata, and whether elderly participants presented overweight and/or diabetes. Among adults, greater prevalence of foods and beverages with LCS consumption was found in those with higher education but did not vary by the presence of overweight and/or diabetes. Conclusions We found similar consumption of foods and beverages with LCS in most socioeconomic strata, and in participants with and without overweight or diabetes. Key messages The results can contribute to the development of public policies on clearer information of LCS addition in food labels.

scholarly journals A Population Based Study on the Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Smokers' Characteristics at Osogbo, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. TUI.S10763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer G Adepoju ◽  
Samuel A Olowookere ◽  
Najemdeen A Adeleke ◽  
Olusegun T Afolabi ◽  
Folakemi O Olajide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The City

Background Cigarette smoking has been linked to several cancers worldwide. The characteristics of smokers have not been well documented among Nigerians. Objective This study assessed the prevalence and characteristics of cigarette smokers among the residents of Osogbo, in southwestern Nigeria. Method The study, a population based cross-sectional study of randomly selected consenting adult residents of Osogbo, was conducted in September of 2011. Data was collected using a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire on cigarette smoking. Results A total of 759 respondents were interviewed. Mean age was 42.1 ± 12.5 years. There were 364 (48%) males and 395 (52%) females. About 22% had ever smoked while 8.7% were current smokers, smoking an average of 22.9 ± 10.1 cigarettes per day. Males constituted the majority of current smokers. Most smokers (71%) were introduced to smoking by friends and ill health was the most often reported reason for quitting. Conclusion Cigarette smoking is commonly practiced among males in the studied population and awareness creation and advocacy should be conducted throughout the city in order to inform current smokers about the hazards and cumulative effects inherent in smoking.

scholarly journals Prevalence of breast cancer in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, between 1988 and 2002

2011 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
Edesio Martins ◽  
Ruffo Freitas-Junior ◽  
Maria Paula Curado ◽  
Nilceana Maya Aires Freitas ◽  
Carleane Maciel Bandeira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Prevalence ◽  
Annual Prevalence ◽  
The City

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown increased prevalence rates for breast cancer, relating to higher incidence, longer survival and breast cancer prevention programs among populations. The aim here was to analyze the annual prevalence of breast cancer in Goiânia over a 15-year period. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study on women with breast cancer diagnosed in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, from 1988 to 2002. METHODS: The breast cancer cases were identified in the database of the Population-Based Cancer Registry of Goiânia. The 15-year period was stratified into three five-year periods. The cases were followed up for five years, and the mortality database was used to exclude deaths. The population of the official census was used as the denominator for rate calculations. RESULTS: The coefficient of breast cancer prevalence in Goiania was 22.87/100,000 in 1988 and 220.22/100,000 women in 2002. The analyses for periods showed that in the first period, the rate was 19.39/100,000 and that it was 44.79/100,000 in the last period. For the fifteen years analyzed, the prevalence rate for breast cancer was 127.24/100,000 women. The annual percentage change was 27.07 (P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, CI: 20.79-33.67) from 1988 to 1992 and 9.39 (P < 0.001; 95% CI: 8.52-10.25) from 1992 to 2002. CONCLUSION: There was an increase in the breast cancer prevalence rate in the city of Goiânia between 1988 and 2002, possibly relating to the improvement in the screening and treatment of breast cancer

scholarly journals Population-based study on the prevalence and clinical profile of adults with cerebral palsy in Northern Ireland

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e044614
Author(s):  
Karen McConnell ◽  
Emma Livingstone ◽  
Oliver Perra ◽  
C Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesThis study aimed to report the prevalence and clinical characteristics of adults with cerebral palsy (CP) in a geographically defined region of the UK.Design and settingCross-sectional study using the Northern Ireland Cerebral Palsy Register (NICPR).ParticipantsAll validated cases known to the NICPR, born 1981–2001 and alive and resident in Northern Ireland at age 19 years were included.ResultsThe study included 1218 persons with CP aged 19–39 years, 46 of whom died in adulthood. The prevalence of CP was 2.38 per 1000. The majority of cases had spastic CP (n=1132/1218, 93%) and could walk (n=949/1218, 78%). Those that died in adulthood typically had bilateral spastic CP (n=39/46) and used a wheelchair (n=40/46).ConclusionThe prevalence of CP in adults is similar to other common neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. The needs of adults with CP vary widely with almost half having two or more associated impairments that may require multiprofessional and multiagency coordination. Results from this study can be used to inform transformation of health and care services for adults with CP.

scholarly journals Prevalence of disabilities and non-communicable diseases in an elderly population in the Telangana state, India: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041755
Author(s):  
Srinivas Marmamula ◽  
Satya Brahmanandam Modepalli ◽  
Thirupathi Reddy Kumbham ◽  
Rajesh Challa ◽  
Jill E Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Self Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of disabilities (vision, hearing, mobility, cognitive, self-care and communication) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the elderly population in two districts in Telangana, India.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study using a cluster random sampling method to select the study clusters.SettingElderly population in Khammam and Warangal districts were recruited. Detailed interviews were conducted by trained community health workers. Personal and demographic information such as age, gender, level of education and a self-report of NCDs was collected. The Washington Disability Questionnaire was administered to assess the presence of disabilities.Participants1821 participants aged ≥60 years, 54.5% were women, and 73.3% had no education.Primary outcome measurePrevalence of disabilities and NCDs.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of at least disability was 20.3% (95% CI 16.3 to 24.9). The prevalence of self- reported disabilities were: seeing (5.9%; 95% CI 4.4 to 7.8), mobility (12.8%; 95% CI 9.7 to 16.8), hearing (3.6%; 95% CI 2.7 to 4.8), cognition (4.8%; 95% CI 3.5 to 6.7), self-care (3.3%; 95% CI 2.3 to 4.7) and communication (1.8%; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6). Overall, the prevalence of at least one NCD was 34.2% (95% CI 30.9 to 37.7). Hypertension was the most common systemic condition (25.4%; 95% CI 22.4 to 28.7), followed by diabetes (9.0%; 95% CI 7.3 to 11.0), and body pains (muscle-skeletal) (9.9%; 95% CI 8.1 to 12.2).ConclusionEvery fifth elderly person in the districts of Khammam and Warangal in Telangana had at least one self-reported disability. Besides, a third of the elderly had at least one NCD. There is a definite need to develop comprehensive public health strategies to address disabilities and NCDs in Telangana.

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