Studies on Hydrogen-embrittlement, Cathodic Current Efficiency, and Throwing Power of Steel Electrolytically Plated by Zinc-Cyanide Process

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomizo FUKAMACHI ◽  
Keiichi TERAJIMA
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Throwing Power ◽  
Cathodic Current Efficiency

The Research about EDTA Plating Solutions of Non-Cyanide Copper Plating

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 2795-2800
Author(s):  
Ren Chun Fu ◽  
Zhong Cheng Guo ◽  
Wei Min Zhou ◽  
Zhen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Copper Plating ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Throwing Power ◽  
Cathodic Current Efficiency ◽  
Plating Solution ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Covering Power

Six formulae of plating solution were studyed in the experiment. The first formula was cyanide plating solutions. The others formulae based on the EDTA as primary complexing agent, C6H5O7K3•H2O and KNaC4H4O6•4H2O as auxiliary complexing agent. Bath quality of the six formulae were examined and Compared. The results show that the EDTA system improve the ability of throwing power, covering power, current efficiency and reduce the bath voltage. In some ways, the performance of EDTA system were better than cyanide plating solutions, such as the deep plating ability, dispersing power, cathodic current efficiency.

scholarly journals Electrodeposition of Zn-Fe Alloy from Non-Cyanide Alkaline Sulphate Bath Containing Tartarate

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Narasimhamurthy ◽  
L.H. Shivashankarappa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetric ◽  
Cathodic Current Efficiency ◽  
Voltammetric Studies ◽  
Sulphate Bath ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetric Studies

Electrodeposition of Zn-Fe alloy from an alkaline sulphate bath containing tartarate has been carried out. The effect of plating variables on the composition of alloy and on cathodic current efficiency was studied. The cyclic voltammetric studies carried out to know the mutual co-deposition of zinc and iron. Hardness and the surface morphology of the alloy deposits were found to be dependent on the iron content in the alloy. An alloy containing 20% wt. Fe showed smooth, uniform and finer grained deposits. Under the optimum composition and operating conditions, Zn-Fe alloy deposition from alkaline sulphate bath containing tartarate followed anomalous depositing process.

scholarly journals Methods to Determine the Current Efficiency in AC Electrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-352
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Kireev ◽  
Yu. P. Perelygin ◽  
S. N. Kireeva ◽  
M. J. Jaskula
Keyword(s):  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Pulse Current ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Cathodic Current Efficiency ◽  
Deposition Processes ◽  
Methods Analytical ◽  
Experimental Researches

AbstractThe paper presents several methods (analytical, electromechanical and electronic) for determining the cathodic current efficiency of the metal deposition processes carried out by AC or pulse current. Based on the results of own experimental researches (for indium, cadmium, nickel, tin and zinc), the appropriate equations are given and the distribution of both faradaic and non-faradaic parts of charge (charging of the electrode double layer) is calculated.

Dependence of Titanium Deposition upon Its Ionic State in Molten Salt

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihide Takenaka ◽  
Masahiro Kawakami ◽  
Naoyuki Suda
Keyword(s):  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Electrode Reaction ◽  
Disproportionation Reaction ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Ionic State ◽  
Average Valence ◽  
Cathodic Current Efficiency ◽  
Ionic Valence ◽  
Fluoride Addition

The ionic valence of Ti changed with electrorefining process of Ti in a bath equi-molar mixture of NaCl-KCl containing TiCln(n=2 or 3); The average valence was about 2.3 initially, and became about 2.1 after electrolysis. The cathodic current efficiency was getting better with electrolysis. It should be necessary to maintain the average ionic valence lower for efficient electrolysis in the molten salt. The dominant Ti ion and its electrode reaction changed with the addition of NaF-KF in the molten salt; The average valence shifted from about 2 to about 3, and the total amount of Ti in the bath decreased. The result indicates the disproportionation reaction: 3Ti2+= Ti + 2Ti3+is induced by the fluoride addition. The quantity of electricity for Ti deposition changed consequently, and the purity of the Ti deposit was also affected.

scholarly journals The study of Zn–Co alloy coatings electrochemically deposited by pulse current

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Bajat ◽  
Miodrag Maksimovic ◽  
Milorad Tomic ◽  
Miomir Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Pulse Current ◽  
Pulse Plating ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Average Current Density ◽  
Corrosion Stability ◽  
Average Current

The electrochemical deposition by pulse current of Zn-Co alloy coatings on steel was examined, with the aim to find out whether pulse plating could produce alloys that could offer a better corrosion protection. The influence of on-time and the average current density on the cathodic current efficiency, coating morphology, surface roughness and corrosion stability in 3% NaCl was examined. At the same Ton/Toff ratio the current efficiency was insignificantly smaller for deposition at higher average current density. It was shown that, depending on the on-time, pulse plating could produce more homogenous alloy coatings with finer morphology, as compared to deposits obtained by direct current. The surface roughness was the greatest for Zn-Co alloy coatings deposited with direct current, as compared with alloy coatings deposited with pulse current, for both examined average current densities. It was also shown that Zn-Co alloy coatings deposited by pulse current could increase the corrosion stability of Zn-Co alloy coatings on steel. Namely, alloy coatings deposited with pulse current showed higher corrosion stability, as compared with alloy coatings deposited with direct current, for almost all examined cathodic times, Ton. Alloy coatings deposited at higher average current density showed greater corrosion stability as compared with coatings deposited by pulse current at smaller average current density. It was shown that deposits obtained with pulse current and cathodic time of 10 ms had the poorest corrosion stability, for both investigated average deposition current density. Among all investigated alloy coatings the highest corrosion stability was obtained for Zn-Co alloy coatings deposited with pulsed current at higher average current density (jav = 4 A dm-2).

scholarly journals Hydrogen Embrittlement and Oxide Layer Effect in the Cathodically Charged Zircaloy-2

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1913
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Gajowiec ◽  
Michał Bartmański ◽  
Beata Majkowska-Marzec ◽  
Andrzej Zieliński ◽  
Bartosz Chmiela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
Hydrogen Uptake ◽  
Hydrogen Desorption ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Layer Effect ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Current Value

The present paper is aimed at determining the less investigated effects of hydrogen uptake on the microstructure and the mechanical behavior of the oxidized Zircaloy-2 alloy. The specimens were oxidized and charged with hydrogen. The different oxidation temperatures and cathodic current densities were applied. The scanning electron microscopy, X-ray electron diffraction spectroscopy, hydrogen absorption assessment, tensile, and nanoindentation tests were performed. At low oxidation temperatures, an appearance of numerous hydrides and cracks, and a slight change of mechanical properties were noticed. At high-temperature oxidation, the oxide layer prevented the hydrogen deterioration of the alloy. For nonoxidized samples, charged at different current density, nanoindentation tests showed that both hardness and Young’s modulus revealed the minims at specific current value and the stepwise decrease in hardness during hydrogen desorption. The obtained results are explained by the barrier effect of the oxide layer against hydrogen uptake, softening due to the interaction of hydrogen and dislocations nucleated by indentation test, and hardening caused by the decomposition of hydrides. The last phenomena may appear together and result in hydrogen embrittlement in forms of simultaneous hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity and delayed hydride cracking.

Effect of Saccharin Addition on the Electrodeposition of Nickel from a Watts-Type Electrolyte

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 911-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wei Li ◽  
Xiao Xi Huang ◽  
Jin Huan Yao ◽  
Xing Shen Deng
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Cathodic Polarization ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Nickel Deposition ◽  
Plating Bath ◽  
Nickel Electrodeposition ◽  
Cathodic Current Efficiency ◽  
Electrodeposition Of Nickel ◽  
Type Electrolyte

The influence of saccharin addition on cathodic polarization, cathodic current efficiency, hardness, surface morphology, and internal stress of nickel electrodeposition from a Watts-type plating bath was studied in this work. The results show that the addition of saccharin may enhance the cathodic polarization, modify the surface morphology, increase the hardness, and decrease the tensile stress. In particular, when the concentration of saccharin is 0.4 g/L, the surface of nickel deposition is smoothest. When the concentration of saccharin is 0.05 g/L, the hardness of nickel deposition is highest.

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