Biotechnologies of reproduction applied to dairy cattle production: Embryo transfer and IVF

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bousquet ◽  
E. B. Burnside ◽  
B. J. Van Doormaal
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Highly Correlated

The objective of this paper is to review the utilization and outcome of reproductive biotechnologies in dairy cattle. Embryo transfer and IVF have their respective limits that influence their impact on a genetic improvement program. Embryo transfer is efficient and profitable in an artificial insemination breeding and selection program and IVF has great potential. Development of markers highly correlated with various economic traits will progressively be added to the present schemes to make them even more powerful. Key words: Reproductive technologies, embryo transfer, IVF, dairy cows, genetic

scholarly journals Embryo Transfer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ștefan Gregore Ciornei
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
The World ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
Specific Potential

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have made tremendous advances, in last years. Artificial insemination is a method for achieving slow genetic progress in populations of animals. Many large and small ruminants are bred by AI, and more than a half million embryos are transferred every year around the world. Most of the ruminants sires used for artificial insemination were derived from embryo transfer. Improvements of reproductive biotechnologies of controlling the estrous cycle and ovulation have resulted in more effective programs for AI, superovulation of donor, and the management of ET. In the ruminants, ET procedure is a timely alternative that can allow good conception rates to be obtained constant in a year. There have been great advances of this biotechnique with on aimed to intensify the genetic progress between generations of farm. The gains is possible with the development of advanced reproductive biotechnique. The best current strategy in applying biotechnology to farmers is to use AI with sexed semen, so farmers will enjoy and benefit. The use of ET together with cryopreserved sexed embryos has a very specific potential for donor replacement and genetic improvement of the herd. In this chapter, procedures of the MOET protocol were described step by step.

Bos indicus and Bos taurus crossbred dairy cattle in Australia. IV.* Progeny testing and expected rate of genetic improvement

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Franklin ◽  
RH Hayman ◽  
RO Hewetson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Tick Resistance

A dairy improvement program designed to develop a breed of cattle adapted to tropical environments is described. Each year young crossbred (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) bulls are screened for heat tolerance and tick resistance, and then progeny-tested in the herds of cooperating dairy farmers. Estimates of phenotypic and genetic means, variances and correlations are presented for production of milk and milk components, and the rate of genetic improvement is discussed. In particular the heritability of milk yield in the crossbred progeny is 0.27, and the theoretical rate of improvement is 2.6% per year. ____________________ *Part III, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 25: 1023 (1974).

scholarly journals Do Crossbreeding using Exotic Breeds in Goat is the Right Solution for a Low-input Production System in Ethiopia? : A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeleke Tesema ◽  
Damitie Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Selection Program ◽  
Low Input ◽  
The Future ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Breed Selection ◽  
The Right

Analysis and evaluation of the previous genetic improvement attempts and their fruition are paramount to make the right decision in the future. Hence, this paper reviews the status of goat genetic improvement programs through quantitative evidence and elucidates how it can be implemented in the future through an intensive literature review. Goat genetic improvement through crossbreeding was initiated early in 1975. However, most crossbreeding programs have lacked analysis of the existing resources and infrastructure and also lack long-term strategies. As a result, crossbreeding program was discontinued without significant contribution due to incompatibility of the exotic genotype with low-input production systems. On the other hand, the moderate to high genetic variation within a population open the window for within-breed selection. Accordingly, a well-designed within-breed selection program was initiated late in 2013 for specified breeds. Currently, governmental and non-governmental institutions plan to scale up community-based within-breed selection program. Besides, the efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies in goat genetic improvement was evaluated by ICARDA and reported a moderate achievement. However, the application of molecular technologies in Ethiopia is only limited to diversity studies. Nevertheless, there is an opportunity to use molecular technologies to enhance the genetic progress of a genetic improvement program. In conclusion, the expected benefits from crossbreeding program were not obtained and will not be obtained under the existing low input-production system. Therefore, a within-breed selection program would be an ideal option for the existing low-input production system if integrated with assisted reproductive and molecular technologies.

scholarly journals Improvement of fertility in repeat breeder dairy cattle by embryo transfer following artificial insemination: possibility of interferon tau replenishment effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikari YAGINUMA ◽  
Natsumi FUNESHIMA ◽  
Nao TANIKAWA ◽  
Motoharu MIYAMURA ◽  
Hideki TSUCHIYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Repeat Breeder

Dairy genetic improvement through artificial insemination, performance recording and genetic evaluation

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Van Doormaal ◽  
G. J. Kistemaker
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genetic Evaluations

Artificial insemination (AI) of dairy cattle in Canada was started more than half a century ago and today it is estimated that at least 75% of all dairy cattle nationally are bred using this common reproductive technology. A Best Linear Unbiased Prediction sire model for estimating genetic evaluations for production traits was introduced in 1975. The combination of extensive use of AI with genetic evaluations for bulls and cows has resulted in significant phenotypic and genetic gains over the past 20 yr. In the Holstein breed, mature equivalent yields have increased by an average of 200 kg milk, 7.0 kg fat and 6.3 kg protein per year since 1980. Genetically, the relative emphasis realized for production traits versus overall type during the past 5 yr has followed the 60:40 breeding goal represented in the Lifetime Profit Index, which has increased at an average rate of 0.28 standard units per year. Examination of the generation interval in the Canadian Holstein breed, associated with each of the four pathways for genetic improvement, indicates a 46% increase in the rate of annual genetic gain today compared to 20 yr ago. The increased accuracy and intensity of selection associated with the use of AI and genetic evaluations have also contributed to the rates of phenotypic and genetic progress achieved over the years. In the future , AI will continue to be a critical component of the genetic gains possible in dairy cattle breeding but it will be complemented by other reproductive technologies aimed at further reducing generation intervals and increasing the accuracy and selection of intensity, especially on the female side. Key words: Dairy cattle, artificial insemination, genetic progress, genetic evaluation

scholarly journals Genetic improvement of beef cattle through opportunities in genomics

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (suppl spe) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Miller
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Genomic Predictions

Genomics will improve the efficiency of beef cattle genetic improvement programs through the incorporation of genomic predictions into traditional genetic evaluations. The global dairy cattle breeding industry has been changed considerably in the last year through the implementation of genomic selection. Now proven to work in dairy cattle breeding, the challenge remains for the beef industry to successfully implement this technology. The primary challenge in beef cattle is the required resource population that relates genomic profile to phenotypic performance, which is quite large and its establishment will require collaboration or a significant investment by any one enterprise. Another challenge in beef cattle is the requirement for genomic predictions to function across breeds, which will require denser marker panels. Opportunities to increase genetic progress include increased accuracy of selection, reduced generation interval, increased selection intensity and better utilization of limited recording capacity, such as individual feed intake, along with opportunities to genetically change novel traits. Implementation of a low density panel at the commercial level will allow informative decisions based on genetic potential at all levels of the production chain. This reduced panel will include predictive SNP based on fine QTL mapping efforts, combined with additional SNP to enable imputation of genotypes from a high density SNP panel, when combined with high density genotypes of key ancestors, such as sires. With electronic recording in cattle, a single genotyping event on each animal would provide information throughout the beef production chain, which will create the incentive for genetic change. Genomics will create new opportunities for reproductive technologies such as embryo transfer as elite females will be identified with increased accuracy. Potential changes to the structure of the breeding industry are discussed including changes to recording strategies and the development of novel beef products.

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