Effect of delayed wrapping on preservation and quality of whole crop barley forage ensiled as large bales

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Moshtaghi Nia ◽  
K.M. Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Protein Quality ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

The effects of delayed bale wrapping on fermentation characteristics, preservation and quality of whole barley crop ensiled as large bales (LBS) were examined. Forage was cut at the early milk stage and allowed to wilt over 24-h period to 47% DM. Bales were allocated to one of three treatments requiring that bales be wrapped within 2, 10 and 19 h post-baling. Bales were sampled at baling and on days 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 13, 17, 29, 64, 92, 252 and 308 post-baling. Bales were weighed prior to being wrapped and when removed from storage to measure DM and nutrient losses during storage. During wrapping, a thermocouple wire was inserted in each bale to monitor bale temperature. Bales wrapped within 2 and 10 h were similar (P > 0.05) for storage temperature, nutrient profile and recovery, and for lactic and volatile fatty acid content. Lactic acid concentrations peaked between 29 and 64 d post-ensiling for bales wrapped 2 and 10 h post-bailing, but did not peak until day 92 for bales wrapped at 19 h post-bailing. Storage temperature of bales wrapped after 2 and 10 h post-bailing did not exceed 30 °C during storage, but bales wrapped 19 h later exceeded 30 °C for the first 19 d during storage. Bales wrapped within 19 h had a lower (P < 0.05) water soluble carbohydrate content and a higher acid detergent insoluble N and ammonia N level compared to 2 and 10 h bales. The pH and 2, 3 butanediol levels were higher (P < 0.01) in 19 h compared to 2 and 10 h bale silage. A 64 d ensiling period was required to achieve minimum pH values in LBS wrapped with 10 h post-baling, the length of time being greater when wrapping was delayed to 19 h post-baling. Results from this study indicate that delaying bale wrapping to the next day resulted in a temperature rise, and poor silage protein quality. Wrapping 2 h post-baling was not an advantage to wrapping 10 h post-baling in whole crop barley ensiled as large bales. Key words: Silage, large bale, whole crop barley, delayed wrapping, ensiling characteristics

Effects of Fermented Green Juice and Cellulase on the Silage Quality of Sugarcane Top

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1053-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Fen Zhuang ◽  
Xin Zhu Chen ◽  
Zhao Xia Dong ◽  
Jian Guo Zhang ◽  
Wen Chang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Two moisture levels of sugarcane top (moisture contents 69.03% - MC1 and 56.38% - MC2) were treated with fermented green juice (FGJ) at 2 ml/kg and/or with cellulase (CEL) at 5000 U/kg raw matter, and ensiled in the laboratory at ambient temperature. All additive treatments significantly (P<0.01) increased lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents, and significantly (P<0.01) decreased pH and contents of NH3-N and acetic acid compared with the control. The treatment of FGJ and CEL mixture significantly (P<0.01) decreased pH and content of acetic acid (AA) compared with treatments of FGJ and CEL alone. All the MC2 silages had more extensive fermentation than MC1 silage, shown by higher contents of lactic acid, lower pH values and NH3-N contents. In conclusion, both FGJ and CEL addition significantly improved the silage quality of sugarcane top, and their mixture had better result than FGJ and CEL alone. Reducing the moisture content of sugarcane top could improve its silage quality.

An evaluation of the yield and quality of oat - legume and ryegrass - legume mixtures and legume monocultures harvested at three stages of growth for silage

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Kaiser ◽  
B. S. Dear ◽  
S. G. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
N Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

The effect of harvest time on the dry matter (DM) yield and quality of 10 annual temperate legumes [Trifolium subterraneum, var. brachcalycinum and var. subterraneum L. (subterranean clover), T. michelianum Savi (balansa clover), T. alexandrinum L. (berseem clover), Medicago murex Willd. (murex medic), M. truncatula Gaertn. (barrel medic), T. vesiculosum Savi (arrowleaf clover), Vicia sativa L. (common vetch), V. benghalensis L. (purple vetch), Pisum sativum L. (peas) grown in monoculture or in mixtures with oats (Avena sativa L.)] was examined in a Mediterranean environment in southern New South Wales. Three of the legumes (subterranean clover, berseem and peas) were also grown in mixtures with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). The forages were sown on 29 May and harvested at three times (2 October, 23 October and 6 November), corresponding to the boot, anthesis and dough stage of the cereal oat variety, Kalgan. Peas were the highest yielding of the legume monocultures at each of the three harvest times (6.9, 11.6, 12.3 t DM/ha), followed by purple vetch (6.2, 9.9, 8.7 t DM/ha). Of the small-seeded pasture legumes, berseem, murex and arrowleaf clover were the highest yielding at the second harvest (7.5–8.8 t DM/ha) when most reached their peak biomass. The inclusion of oats with the legumes increased total DM yield at the first, second and third harvests by 10–54, 7–99 and 3–102%, respectively. Oat monocultures were high yielding (up to 17.7 t DM/ha), but had low N contents (6.3–12.5 g N/kg DM). Oat–legume forage mixtures had nitrogen (N) contents of 7–15 g N/kg compared with 17–40 g N/kg in the legume monocultures. The N content and digestibility of most species and mixtures decreased as harvest time was delayed, whereas total DM peaked at the second harvest for all species except Cooba oats. The legume content of the mixtures was negatively correlated with total DM yield, DM content and water soluble carbohydrates, but positively correlated with N content, in vitro digestibility and buffering capacity. The digestibility of oats decreased more rapidly than the legumes with advancing maturity, and it would need to be harvested at the boot stage to produce a silage of sufficiently high metabolisable energy for the production feeding of cattle. A later harvest at anthesis when yield is higher would produce a silage of sufficient quality for production feeding from an oat–large seeded legume mixture with a legume content of 0.50. The oats and ryegrass had high water soluble carbohydrate and low to medium buffering capacity and would, therefore, be expected to produce well-preserved silages. The legume monocultures had low water soluble carbohydrate contents and high buffering capacity values and there would be a high risk of a poor silage fermentation in these forages without field wilting or the use of a silage additive.

Use of forage inoculants with or without enzymes to improve preservation and quality of whole crop barley forage ensiled as large bales

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Moshtaghi Nia ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Microbial Inoculant ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Barley Crop ◽  
Thermocouple Wire

The effects of forage additives, applied to bales wrapped at either 2 or 10 h post-baling, on preservation and quality of whole barley crop ensiled as large bales were investigated. Forage was cut at the early milk stage and allowed to wilt over a 24-h period to 47% DM. Bales were allocated on the basis of baling sequence to one of three additives treatments: without inoculant (Control); treated with a microbial inoculant, Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus cerevisiae (LpPc); or treated with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus cerevisiae, plus cellulase and pectinase (LpPcE). An equal number of bales (n = 18) representing each treatment group were wrapped at either 2 or 10 h post-baling. All bales were core sampled at baling and on days 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 13, 17, 29, 64, 92, 252 and 308 post-baling. Bales were weighed prior to being wrapped and when removed from storage to measure DM and nutrient losses during storage. During wrapping, a thermocouple wire was inserted in each bale to monitor bale temperature. Time of wrapping did not affect nutrient composition or ensiling characteristics of silage. Application of forage additives had no effect on nutrient profile or recovery, however, silage treated with LpPc inoculant had lower (P < 0.05) ammonia N compared with untreated or treated with LpPcE silage. Storage temperature of bales representing all treatments did not exceed 28 °C but were approximately 2 to 3 °C higher in the Control than treated silage for the first 3 d post-ensiling. Silage treated with forage additives had a lower (P < 0.05) pH and an increase (P < 0.05) in concentrations of lactic and total acids. Ethanol and 2,3 butanediol levels were higher (P < 0.05) in untreated silage compared with inoculated silage. Silage treated with forage additives were more stable and took 5, 9 and 12 d to heat after exposure to air for Control, LpPc and LpPcE silage, respectively. Results from this study indicated that treatment with microbial inoculants was beneficial in preserving whole crop barley ensiled as large bales. Addition of enzymes to microbial inoculant did not have further beneficial effect on quality of large bale silage. Key words: Silage, large bale, whole crop barley, forage additives, ensiling characteristics

Changes in the Quality of Soybean during Warehouse Storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 912-914 ◽  
pp. 1982-1985
Author(s):  
Wei Qiao Yang ◽  
Hai Dong Liu ◽  
Xia Liu ◽  
Xi Hong Li ◽  
Chong Xiao Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Quality ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Soluble Protein ◽  
Warehouse Storage

Large warehouse, being considered as the general type of storage granary in China, has proven to be the key post-harvest management in the fight against food security for long periods storage. Soybean (Glycine max) seeds bulk stored under ambient condition (the control) and mechanical ventilation (the test) for 12 month were analyzed for some physico-chemical characteristics to investigate the effect of storage condition on the quality of soybeans. The results indicated that the samples storied in texted storehouse had a lower level of the free fatty acid content. There was a notably higher water solute protein content compared with the samples in controlled storehouse, which effectively reduce the deterioration of water-soluble protein quality and respiration rates. These results provide convincing evidence that tested warehouse obviously superior to conventional storage, which can delay the quality deterioration of soybean seeds quality and has good prospects for application.

Effects of season, maturity and rate of nitrogen fertilizer on ensilage of Setaria sphacelata

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
VR Catchpoole
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

A study was made of the chemical composition and silage fermentation of Setaria sphacelata CV. Nandi. The grass was ensiled at three periods of the growing season, with two maturities at harvest, and grown with two levels of nitrogen fertilizer. On each harvest day cuts were taken in the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon. The object was to measure the variation that occurred under field conditions in south-eastern Queensland. The water soluble carbohydrate content of the grass was always below 6 per cent of its dry weight, and the silage had very low contents of lactic acid, high contents of volatile acids and high pH values. Volatile base contents were usually well below 20 per cent of the total nitrogen, showing that degradation of protein was not extensive. By traditional standards of silage quality the S. sphacelata was poorly preserved. On the other hand a degree of preservation was achieved as shown by the moderate amount of protein breakdown and small losses of dry matter and nitrogen during storage. Variation in the extent of fermentation changes, and of losses during ensilage, demonstrated that grass cut at five weeks was more effectively preserved than grass cut at eight weeks. Also, on any one harvest day, grass cut during the morning had lower dry matter contents, and was not as well preserved as cuts made later during the day.

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