Effect of feeding amount on the feeding and sorting behaviour of lactating dairy cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Greter ◽  
Trevor Devries
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Greter, A. M. and DeVries, T. J. 2011. Effect of feeding amount on the feeding and sorting behaviour of lactating dairy cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 47–54. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine how feeding amount affects feeding and sorting behaviour of dairy cows, and (2) to examine the relationship between these behaviours. Six lactating dairy cows were assigned to one of two treatments in a crossover design with 7-d periods: (1) lower feeding amount (target 5% orts), and (2) higher feeding level (target 15% orts). Cows were fed twice daily at 1000 and 1530. Treatments were imposed during the 18-h period between the afternoon feeding and the subsequent morning feeding. Treatment periods consisted of a 3-d adaptation period and a 4-d recording period, wherein feeding (using time-lapse video) and sorting behaviour were measured. Feed samples taken for particle size separation were separated into four fractions: long, medium, short, and fine particles. The targeted level of orts was not achieved, but treatments tended to be different (16.1 vs. 11.6%). Cows maintained similar feeding rates (0.1 kg min−1), feeding times (209.0 min period−1), and dry matter intake (DMI) (21.6 kg period−1) between treatments. Cows sorted against long particles (67.3%) and tended to sort for short particles (104.4%) on both treatments. Across treatments, feeding rate was positively correlated with sorting of long particles (r=0.76). Feeding time was negatively correlated with sorting of short (r=−0.65) and fine (r=−0.68) particles. DMI tended to be positively correlated with sorting of long particles (r=0.48) and tended to be negatively correlated with sorting of short particles (r=−0.51). Meal duration tended to be negatively correlated with sorting of fine particles (r=−0.52). The results from this experiment provide new insight into how sorting behaviour may affect the time course of feeding, meal patterning, and nutrient intake of dairy cows.

An examination of the effect of concentrate energy source on milk production of dairy cows offered grass silages with differing intake characteristics

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
T.W.J. Keady ◽  
C.S. Mayne ◽  
M. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Concentrate Energy ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
Concentrate Energy Source ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Considerable progress has been made recently at this Institute in improving the accuracy of prediction of silage intake when offered as the sole diet. However in most farm situations, silage is usually supplemented with varying levels and types of concentrate when offered to dairy cattle. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of concentrate energy source on the voluntary food intake and milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cattle when offered a diverse range of grass silages.A total of five grass silages were used in the study, silages A, B and D were produced from primary regrowths, while silages C and E were produced from second regrowths of perennial ryegrass swards. Silages A, B, C, D and E were ensiled after 48, 24, 0, 0 and 24 hour wilting periods. Silages A and C were ensiled untreated, B and D treated with an inoculant, and silage E treated with a formic acid based additive.

scholarly journals 5 Effect of feeding time on behavioral and stress responses in gestation sows under isocaloric conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Hayford Manu ◽  
S H Lee ◽  
Q Huang ◽  
D Pangeni ◽  
M C Keyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Summation Method ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Abstract Investigated the effect of feeding time on behavior and stress responses in pregnant sows under isocaloric conditions. Eighteen sows (Landrace × Yorkshire); BW 248.6 ± 2.8 kg; parity 3.30 ± 0.39); were blocked by parity and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 feeding times. Corn-soybean meal-based diet was fed once at: 0730 (Control, T1), 1130 (T2), and 1530 h (T3). On average, sows received 7190 kcal ME d−1 during gestation from 2.25 kg of diet formulated to contain SID Lys/ME of 1.71 g/Mcal. Saliva samples were collected every 2 h for 12 h in stalls on d 52 of pregnancy and assayed for cortisol using ELISA technique. Behavior data were collected 24 h for 7 d from d 53 of gestation by affixing a Remote Insights ear tag to each sow after 21 d adaptation period. Each sow had 120,960 data points categorized into: “Active,” “Feed” or “Dormant”. Data were analyzed using GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05, and a trend as 0.05 < P ≤ 0.10. Sow was the experimental unit. A 24 h area under the curve (AUC) was estimated by trapezoidal summation method. Adjustment for multiple comparisons was based on Tukey Kramer’s method. Sows fed daily at 0730 had both lower feeding and total activity compared with sows fed at 1130 h (P < 0.02) but similar to sows fed at 1530 h (P > 0.05). Feeding sows at 1130 h daily resulted in reduced cortisol AUC compared with 1530 h fed sows (P < 0.04) but similar to sows fed at 0730 h (P > 0.05). In conclusion, feeding sows daily at 1130 resulted in increased feed and total activity but reduced cortisol concentration, suggesting that elevated sow activity might not necessary indicate activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

scholarly journals Effect of feeding extruded flaxseed on milk quality of dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-334
Author(s):  
G. Biagi ◽  
M. Fustini ◽  
G. Canestrari ◽  
A. Palmonari ◽  
N. Panciroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding dairy cows with extruded flaxseed (EF) on milk quality. After a 7-d adaptation period, 40 Holstein dairy cows in midlactation were divided in two experimental groups, based on parity, milk yield and composition, and days in milk. Animals were fed for 28 d a standard total mixed ration containing or not (control) 1.8 kg/cow/d of a supplement based on extruded flaxseed (EF). Milk yield was recorded daily and individual milk samples were collected weekly for analysis. Milk yield was not affected by treatment and averaged 26.2 kg/d throughout the study. Feeding EF reduced milk fat (3.95 vs. 4.24%; P=0.053) and tended to reduce milk protein (3.32 vs. 3.50%; P=0.104). The milk from cows fed EF contained more (P<0.01) stearic (12.0 vs. 7.8 mg/100 mg of fat), oleic (21.2 vs. 18.0 mg/100 mg of fat), ?-linolenic (0.85 vs. 0.41 mg/100 mg of fat) and vaccenic (1.43 vs. 0.62 mg/100 mg of fat) acids than control and also more c9,t11 CLA (0.91 vs. 0.59 mg/100 mg of fat). Conversely, compared with control, feeding EF reduced milk concentrations of palmitic acid (26.5 vs. 33.4 mg/100 mg of fat; P<0.01). The present results show that feeding EF to dairy cows is an efficient strategy to enrich milk in beneficial fatty acids such as vaccenic acid, CLA and omega-3 fatty acids. Nevertheless, the milk fat reducing effect of flaxseed as well as other sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids should be taken into account.

The effect of fodder beet inclusion on milk production and nitrogen and energy utilization of grass silage based diets by lactating dairy cattle

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 5-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. McIlmoyle ◽  
D.C. Patterson ◽  
D.J. Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

In a previous experiment with dairy cows at this Institute, in which fodder beet was included as a third component of the diet along with grass silage and concentrate, fodder beet considerably increased metabolisable energy intake (MEI), but there was little effect on milk yield (unpublished data). The main objectives of the present study were to examine the effects of including fodder beet versus concentrate in a grass silage diet, on milk production, digestibility of nutrients and the utilization of nitrogen (N) and energy at equal ME intake in lactating dairy cattle.

An examination of the effect of concentrate energy source on milk production of dairy cows offered grass silages with differing intake characteristics

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
T.W.J. Keady ◽  
C.S. Mayne ◽  
M. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Concentrate Energy ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
Concentrate Energy Source ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Considerable progress has been made recently at this Institute in improving the accuracy of prediction of silage intake when offered as the sole diet. However in most farm situations, silage is usually supplemented with varying levels and types of concentrate when offered to dairy cattle. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of concentrate energy source on the voluntary food intake and milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cattle when offered a diverse range of grass silages.A total of five grass silages were used in the study, silages A, B and D were produced from primary regrowths, while silages C and E were produced from second regrowths of perennial ryegrass swards. Silages A, B, C, D and E were ensiled after 48, 24, 0, 0 and 24 hour wilting periods. Silages A and C were ensiled untreated, B and D treated with an inoculant, and silage E treated with a formic acid based additive.

scholarly journals Effect of Feeding a Corn Hybrid Selected for Leafiness as Silage or Grain to Lactating Dairy Cattle

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Clark ◽  
S. Kelm ◽  
M.I. Endres
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Corn Hybrid

scholarly journals Using Milk Urea Nitrogen to Evaluate Diet Formulation and Environmental Impact on Dairy Farms

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 852-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Jonker ◽  
R.A. Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

Reducing nitrogen (N) excretion by dairy cattle is the most effective means to reduce N losses (runoff, volatilization, and leaching) from dairy farms. The objectives of this review are to examine the use of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) to measure N excretion and utilization efficiency in lactating dairy cows and to examine impacts of overfeeding N to dairy cows in the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin. A mathematical model was developed and evaluated with an independent literature data set to integrate MUN and milk composition to predict urinary and fecal excretion, intake, and utilization efficiency for N in lactating dairy cows. This model was subsequently used to develop target MUN concentrations for lactating dairy cattle fed according to National Research Council (NRC) recommendations. Target values calculated in this manner were 8 to 14 mg/dl for a typical lactation and were most sensitive to change in milk production and crude protein intake. Routine use of MUN to monitor dairy cattle diets was introduced to dairy farms (n = 1156) in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Participating farmers (n = 454) were provided with the results of their MUN analyses and interpretive information monthly for a period of 6 months. The average MUN across all farms in the study increased in the spring, but the increase was 0.52 mg/dl lower for farmers receiving MUN results compared to those who did not participate in the program. This change indicated that participating farmers reduced N feeding compared to nonparticipants. Average efficiency of feed N utilization (N in milk / N in feed x 100) was 24.5% (SD = 4.5). On average, farmers fed 6.6% more N than recommended by the NRC, resulting in a 16% increase in urinary N and a 2.7% increase in fecal N compared to feeding to requirement. N loading to the Chesapeake Bay from overfeeding protein to lactating dairy cattle was estimated to be 7.6 million kg/year. MUN is a useful tool to measure diet adequacy and environmental impact from dairy farms.

scholarly journals Effect of Feeding Adaptation of Italian Simmental Cows before Summer Grazing on Animal Behavior and Milk Characteristics

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Mirco Corazzin ◽  
Monica Berlese ◽  
Enrico Sturaro ◽  
Maurizio Ramanzin ◽  
Luigi Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Alpine Pasture ◽  
Feeding Adaptation ◽  
Performance Behavior ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Summer Grazing ◽  
Milk Characteristics

According to the alpine transhumance system, dairy cows are moved from indoor feeding with conserved forage to fresh herbage feeding on pasture. The aim of this study was to assess, as a feeding adaptation technique, the effect of a gradual inclusion of fresh herbage in the diet of Italian Simmental dairy cows before their transfer to alpine pasture on performance, behavior, and milk characteristics. Eighteen cows were assigned to three groups: animals transferred to alpine pasture with a 10-d feeding adaptation period consisting in gradual access to a pasture close to the valley farm (GT), animals transferred to alpine pasture without a feeding adaptation period (AT), and animals kept in the valley farm (IND). During the first two weeks of summer grazing, GT and AT showed higher rumination time and different concentrations of ketones, hydrocarbons, organic acids, toluene, alcohols, phenols, and dimethyl sulfone in milk as compared to IND, whereas no differences were found in milk yield, composition, or coagulation properties. No differences between GT and AT were evident for the studied variables. The feeding adaptation technique used in this study did not influence the performance and milk characteristics of Italian Simmental dairy cows grazing on alpine pasture.

scholarly journals Feeding Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cattle Fed Sorghum-Based Diets and Increasing Levels of Tannic Acid

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
José Danrley Cavalcante dos Santos ◽  
Edilson Paes Saraiva ◽  
Severino Gonzaga Neto ◽  
Carla Aparecida Soares Saraiva ◽  
Antônio da Costa Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

Tannins have been used to trigger positive effects on ruminal metabolism and increase ruminant production efficiency, since they increase the supply of dietary protein in the small intestine. Increasing levels of tannic acid in a sorghum-based diet on the feeding behavior of five Holstein/Zebu crossbred lactating dairy cows was evaluated. They were subjected to a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design, with fivelevels of tannin as dry matter (DM) in the diet (0.46, 1.30, 2.60, 3.90, and 5.20%). The levels of the tannic acid added were established based on the quantity of condensed tannin in high-tannin sorghum. Thus, diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with 1.5 g (13% DM), 79.5 g (2.6% DM), 157.5 g (3.9% DM), and 235.5 g (5.2% DM) of tannic acid, totaling 0.078, 0.156, 0.234, and 0.321 kg of tannin/day, respectively. Feeding behavior variables included the following states and events: feeding, drinking, rumination, and inactivity; the frequency of visiting the feed and water troughs; and the occurrence of urination and defecation. Water was provided ad libitum, and its intake was measured during periods of behavioral data collection. The use of two tannin sources (hydrolysable and condensed) corresponding to the total level of 5.20% (on a DM basis) in the diet of lactating dairy cattle does not affect the animals’ health. Tannic acid can be included in the diet of lactating dairy cattle at a level of 3.93% (on a DM basis) without inducing variation in the total time spent daily on feed intake. Dairy cows dilute the effects of dietary tannin (5.20%) through greater fragmentation of food consumption in the hours following its supply (180 min). The astringent effects caused by tannin intake in lactating dairy cows are mitigated by increasing the daily water intake as the amount of tannin in the diet increases, starting at a level of 3.90% tannin (on a DM basis).

scholarly journals Effect of Feeding Time, Behavior, and Environmental Factors on the Time of Calving in Dairy Cattle

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2746-2750 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Pennington ◽  
J.L. Albright
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Effect Of Feeding
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