scholarly journals 5 Effect of feeding time on behavioral and stress responses in gestation sows under isocaloric conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Hayford Manu ◽  
S H Lee ◽  
Q Huang ◽  
D Pangeni ◽  
M C Keyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Summation Method ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Abstract Investigated the effect of feeding time on behavior and stress responses in pregnant sows under isocaloric conditions. Eighteen sows (Landrace × Yorkshire); BW 248.6 ± 2.8 kg; parity 3.30 ± 0.39); were blocked by parity and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 feeding times. Corn-soybean meal-based diet was fed once at: 0730 (Control, T1), 1130 (T2), and 1530 h (T3). On average, sows received 7190 kcal ME d−1 during gestation from 2.25 kg of diet formulated to contain SID Lys/ME of 1.71 g/Mcal. Saliva samples were collected every 2 h for 12 h in stalls on d 52 of pregnancy and assayed for cortisol using ELISA technique. Behavior data were collected 24 h for 7 d from d 53 of gestation by affixing a Remote Insights ear tag to each sow after 21 d adaptation period. Each sow had 120,960 data points categorized into: “Active,” “Feed” or “Dormant”. Data were analyzed using GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05, and a trend as 0.05 < P ≤ 0.10. Sow was the experimental unit. A 24 h area under the curve (AUC) was estimated by trapezoidal summation method. Adjustment for multiple comparisons was based on Tukey Kramer’s method. Sows fed daily at 0730 had both lower feeding and total activity compared with sows fed at 1130 h (P < 0.02) but similar to sows fed at 1530 h (P > 0.05). Feeding sows at 1130 h daily resulted in reduced cortisol AUC compared with 1530 h fed sows (P < 0.04) but similar to sows fed at 0730 h (P > 0.05). In conclusion, feeding sows daily at 1130 resulted in increased feed and total activity but reduced cortisol concentration, suggesting that elevated sow activity might not necessary indicate activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

scholarly journals Behavioral and stress responses to feeding time in pregnant sows under limit-fed regime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayford Manu ◽  
Suhyup Lee ◽  
Mike C Keyes ◽  
Jim Cairns ◽  
Samuel K Baidoo
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Feeding Schedule ◽  
Activity Count ◽  
Anticipatory Activity ◽  
Total P

Abstract We investigated the effect of feeding time on behavior and stress responses in pregnant sows under isocaloric conditions. Twenty-four sows were balanced for parity and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 feeding times. Corn-soybean meal-based diet was fed once at: 0730 (Control, T1), 1130 (T2), and 1530 h (T3). On average, sows received 7062 kcal ME/d from 2.20 kg of diet formulated to contain SID Lys/ME of 1.71 g/Mcal. The study was conducted for 28 days (21 d acclimation to the feeding regime and 7 days data collection). Saliva samples were collected every 2 hours for 12 hr in stalls on day 52 of pregnancy. Behavior data were collected 24 hr for 7 d from day 53 of gestating by affixing a remote insights ear tag to each sow. Each sow had 120,960 data points categorized into: "Active", "Feed" or "Dormant". Due to housing constraint, all sows were housed in individual stalls in the same barn presenting a potential limitation of the study. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS 9.4 for cortisol and behavior data, respectively. Sow was the experimental unit. The area under the curve (AUC) is quantitative evaluation of response as threshold varies over all possible values. A 12-hr cortisol total area under the curve (AUC) for sows fed once daily at 1130 h was reduced relative to sow group fed at 1530 h (P = 0.046) but similar compared with the control sows (P = 0. 323). The control sows (0730 h) had reduced total (P &lt; 0.001) and feeding (P = 0.001) activity AUCs relative to sows on 1130 but did not differ compared with sows on 1530 h feeding schedules (P &gt; 0.100). Sows on 1130 h feeding schedule had greater feed anticipatory activity (FAA), 24-hr total activity count, total (P &lt; 0.001) and feeding (P &lt; 0.001) activity AUC compared with sows fed daily at 1530 h. In conclusion, feeding pregnant sows earlier in the morning (0730 h) appears to minimize sows’ behavior but similar cortisol response. Sows on 1130 h feeding schedule had greater activities but reduced cortisol concentration, suggesting that elevated sow activity might not necessarily indicate activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

scholarly journals 9 Behavioral and stress responses to feeding frequency in pregnant sows under isocaloric conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Hayford Manu ◽  
S H Lee ◽  
Q Huang ◽  
D Pangeni ◽  
M C Keyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Elisa Technique

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate behavioral and stress responses to feeding frequency in pregnant sows under isocaloric conditions. Eighteen sows (Landrace × Yorkshire); BW 226.10 ± 1.29 kg; parity 3.1 ± 0.42); were blocked by parity and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 feeding frequency regimes. Sows were fed corn-soybean meal-based diet 1× [0730 (Control, T1), 2× “[half ration at 0730 and 1530 h (T2)]” and then “[one-third portion at 0730, 1130, and 1530 h (T3)]”. On average, sows received 7190 kcal ME d−1 during gestation from 2.25 kg of diet formulated to contain SID Lys/ME of 1.71 g/Mcal. Saliva samples were collected from 0630 to 1830 h, 2 hrs apart and assayed for cortisol using ELISA technique. Behavior data were collected for 7 d from d 53 of gestation by affixing a Remote Insights ear tag to each sow. Each sow had 120,960 data points categorized into: “Active,” “Feed” or “Dormant”. The data were analyzed using GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 with treatment as fixed effect and sow as random effect. Results were considered statistically significant when P < 0·05 and were considered as trends when P ≤ 0·10. Sow was the experimental unit. A 24 h area under the curve (AUC) was calculated by trapezoidal method. The P-values were adjusted for multiplicity based on Tukey Kramer’s method. A 24 h total activity and total feeding activity AUC were reduced in sows fed 2× daily compared with sows fed 1× and 3× daily (P < 0.01). A 12 h cortisol AUC was lower for sows fed 2× daily relative to treatment groups fed 1× and 3× daily (P < 0.02). In conclusion, feeding pregnant sows twice daily may improve sow welfare by reducing feeding activity, total activity, and the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

scholarly journals PSVIII-5 Effect of glycemic and endocrine response to feeding time in pregnant sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
Hayford Manu ◽  
Lee SuHyup ◽  
Samuel Kofi Baidoo
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Summation Method ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Endocrine Response ◽  
Plasma Insulin Response

Abstract The objective of the study was to determine the glycemic and endocrine responses to feeding time in restrictively fed pregnant sows. Eighteen sows [(Landrace × Yorkshire); BW 229.17 ± 1.34 kg; parity 3.90 ± 0.12; backfat 13.60 ± 0.27 mm)] were sampled from 180 sows. Sows were blocked by parity and BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments in a RCBD. Treatments included sows fed once at daily at 0730 h (Control, T1), 1130 h (T2), and 1530 h (T3). The daily feed quantity was kept at 1.25× maintenance energy intake (100 × (BW)0.75) kcal ME/d. On average sows received 2.27 kg corn-soybean meal-based diet which provided 6948 kcal ME/d and SID Lys:ME of 1.71 g/Mcal from d 30 to 60 of gestation. Total area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using Trapezoidal summation method. Data analysis was done using PROC MIXED and GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Sow was the experimental unit. Adjustment for multiple comparison was by Tukey’s method. Pregnant sows fed at different times of the day had similar fasting levels of glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and PYY (P ˃ 0.10). Sows fed daily at 0730 and 1130 h had increased (P = 0.018) and propensity to increase (P = 0.088) in insulin concentration from fasting to 30 minutes post-prandial, respectively, but not in sows fed daily at 1530 h (P ˃ 0.05). Glucose, active ghrelin, and total PYY concentrations and AUC did not differ with respect to feeding time. In conclusion, plasma insulin response appears to be a function of time of the day at which calories are ingested. Feeding time to elicit maximum insulin response are 0730 and 1130 h but not at 1530 h. Therefore, feeding pregnant sows daily at or before 1130 h may elicit maximum insulin response.

scholarly journals Behavioral and cortisol responses to feeding frequency in pregnant sows under isocaloric intake

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayford Manu ◽  
Suhyup Lee ◽  
Mike C Keyes ◽  
Jim Cairns ◽  
Samuel K Baidoo
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Daily Feeding ◽  
Feeding Activities ◽  
Cortisol Responses

Abstract The study focused on behavioral and cortisol responses to feeding frequency in pregnant sows under isocaloric intake. Twenty-four sows [(Landrace × Yorkshire); BW 216.70 ± 3.98 kg; parity 3.04 ± 0.53] were balanced for parity and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 feeding frequency regimes. Sows were fed corn–soybean meal-based diet 1× [0730 (Control), T1], 2× [half ration at 0730 and 1530 hours, T2], or 3× [one-third portion at 0730, 1130, and 1530 hours, T3] from days 30 to 60 of gestation. Sows received 7055 kcal ME/d during gestation from 2.21 kg of diet formulated to contain SID Lys/ME of 1.71 g/Mcal. Saliva samples were collected every 2 hr from 0630 to 1830 hours on day 52 and assayed for cortisol using ELISA procedure. Behavior data were collected for 7 d from day 53 of gestation by affixing a remote insights ear tag to each sow. Each sow had 120,960 data points categorized into: “Active”, “Feed,” or “Dormant”. Because of housing constraint, all sows were housed in individual stalls in the same room presenting a potential limitation of the study. The data were analyzed using PROC MIXED and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS 9.4 for cortisol and behavior count data, respectively. Sow was the experimental unit. The area under the curve (AUC) is quantitative evaluation of response as threshold varies over all possible values. The T2 sows had reduced 12-hr cortisol AUC compared with control sows (P = 0.024) and T3 sows (P = 0.004), respectively. The T2 sows had lower 3 hr (P = 0.039) and 5 hr (P = 0.015) postfeeding cortisol AUC compared with control sows. Feed anticipatory activity (FAA), 24-hr total activity, and feeding activities (eating and/or sham chewing) were reduced for T2 sows relative to the control and T3 sows (P &lt; 0.01). Consequently, T2 sows had lower 24-hr total activity (P &lt; 0.001) and feeding activities (P &lt; 0.001) AUC compared with both the control and T3 sows, respectively. The T3 sows had greater FAA (P &lt; 0.001) and 24-hr total activity AUC (P = 0.010) compared with control sows. Our data although inconclusive due to small sample size, twice daily feeding appears to be the threshold that reduces sows’ total activity AUC, feeding activity AUC, and activation of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, reduced hunger, and exhibit potential to improve sow welfare in relation to once and thrice daily feeding regimes under isocaloric intake per kilogram live metabolic weight.

Effect of feeding amount on the feeding and sorting behaviour of lactating dairy cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Greter ◽  
Trevor Devries
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Greter, A. M. and DeVries, T. J. 2011. Effect of feeding amount on the feeding and sorting behaviour of lactating dairy cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 47–54. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine how feeding amount affects feeding and sorting behaviour of dairy cows, and (2) to examine the relationship between these behaviours. Six lactating dairy cows were assigned to one of two treatments in a crossover design with 7-d periods: (1) lower feeding amount (target 5% orts), and (2) higher feeding level (target 15% orts). Cows were fed twice daily at 1000 and 1530. Treatments were imposed during the 18-h period between the afternoon feeding and the subsequent morning feeding. Treatment periods consisted of a 3-d adaptation period and a 4-d recording period, wherein feeding (using time-lapse video) and sorting behaviour were measured. Feed samples taken for particle size separation were separated into four fractions: long, medium, short, and fine particles. The targeted level of orts was not achieved, but treatments tended to be different (16.1 vs. 11.6%). Cows maintained similar feeding rates (0.1 kg min−1), feeding times (209.0 min period−1), and dry matter intake (DMI) (21.6 kg period−1) between treatments. Cows sorted against long particles (67.3%) and tended to sort for short particles (104.4%) on both treatments. Across treatments, feeding rate was positively correlated with sorting of long particles (r=0.76). Feeding time was negatively correlated with sorting of short (r=−0.65) and fine (r=−0.68) particles. DMI tended to be positively correlated with sorting of long particles (r=0.48) and tended to be negatively correlated with sorting of short particles (r=−0.51). Meal duration tended to be negatively correlated with sorting of fine particles (r=−0.52). The results from this experiment provide new insight into how sorting behaviour may affect the time course of feeding, meal patterning, and nutrient intake of dairy cows.

scholarly journals Comparison of the different voxel sizes in the estimation of peri-implant fenestration defects using cone beam computed tomography: an ex vivo study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Hakan Kurt ◽  
Nilsun Bağış ◽  
Cengiz Evli ◽  
Cemal Atakan ◽  
Kaan Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Voxel Size

Abstract Background To examine the influence of voxel sizes to detect of peri-implant fenestration defects on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and methods This study performed with three sheep heads both maxilla and mandible and two types of dental implant type 1 zirconium implant (Zr40) (n = 6) and type 2 titanium implant (Ti22) (n = 10). A total of 14 peri-implant fenestrations (8 buccal surfaces, 6 palatal/lingual surface) were created while 18 surfaces (8 buccal, 10 palatal/lingual) were free of fenestrations. Three observers have evaluated the images of fenestration at each site. Images obtained with 0.75 mm3, 0.100 mm3, 0.150 mm3, 0.200 mm3, and 0.400 mm3 voxel sizes. For intra- and inter-observer agreements for each voxel size, Kappa coefficients were calculated. Results Intra- and inter-observer kappa values were the highest for 0.150 mm3, and the lowest in 0.75 mm3 and 0.400 mm3 voxel sizes for all types of implants. The highest area under the curve (AUC) values were found higher for the scan mode of 0.150 mm3, whereas lower AUC values were found for the voxel size for 0.400 mm3. Titanium implants had higher AUC values than zirconium with the statistical significance for all voxel sizes (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion A voxel size of 0.150 mm3 can be used to detect peri-implant fenestration bone defects. CBCT is the most reliable diagnostic tool for peri-implant fenestration bone defects.

Diagnostic accuracy of enthesis ultrasound in the diagnosis of early spondyloarthritis

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio de Miguel ◽  
Santiago Muñoz-Fernández ◽  
Concepción Castillo ◽  
Tatiana Cobo-Ibáñez ◽  
Emilio Martín-Mola
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Diagnostic Classification ◽  
Hla B27 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ultrasound Score

ObjectiveTo determine the sensitivity and specificity of enthesis ultrasound for the diagnostic classification of early spondyloarthritis.MethodsA cross-sectional, blinded and controlled study. Standardised bilateral ultrasound of six entheses (Madrid sonography enthesitis index (MASEI)) was performed. Accepted diagnostic classification criteria were used as the gold standard. Validity was analysed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant.Results113 early spondyloarthritis patients were included (58 women/55 men), 57 non-inflammatory control individuals (29 women/28 men) and 24 inflammatory control individuals (11 women/13 men). The evolution time of spondyloarthritis was 10.9±7.1 months. At least some grade of sacroiliitis on x-ray was present in 59 patients, but only five fulfilled the radiographic sacroiliitis New York criteria. Human leucocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) was positive in 42% of patients. No statistical differences were found for the enthesis score among diagnostic spondyloarthritis subtypes form of presentation (axial, peripheral or mixed) or HLA-B27 positivity. The MASEI score achieved statistical significance for gender. The ultrasound score was 23.36±11.40 (mean±SD) in spondyloarthritis patients and 12.26±6.85 and 16.04±9.94 in the non-inflammatory and inflammatory control groups (p<0.001), respectively. The ROC area under the curve was 0.82, and a cut-off point of ≥20 points achieved a likelihood ratio of 5.30 and a specificity of 89.47%.ConclusionsEntheses are affected early in spondyloarthritis, and the incidence of involvement is higher in men and independent of the spondyloarthritis diagnostic subtype, HLA-B27 status or presentation pattern. The enthesis ultrasound score seems to have diagnostic accuracy and may be useful for improving the diagnostic accuracy of early spondyloarthritis.

scholarly journals Feeding behavior of lambs fed castor mealom farelo de mamona

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellenn Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
Rasmo Garcia ◽  
Vitor Visintin Silva de Almeida ◽  
Aline Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
Aureliano José Vieira Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Castor Meal

The experiment aimed to evaluate the feeding behavior of Santa Inês lambs fed diets containing different levels of detoxified castor meal in the concentrate. Twenty-four sheep with an average body weight of 18.5± 2.26 kg, at four months of age, were distributed in a randomized complete design with four treatment and six replications. Treatments consisted of four levels of castor meal (0, 33, 67, and 100%) replacing soybean meal. Animals underwent a 15-day adaptation period and an experimental period of 84 days. The diet was composed of 60% sugarcane silage and 40% concentrate, on a dry matter basis. Animal behavior (idle, rumination, and feeding activities) were observed visually for two 24-h periods with 5-min intervals, and recorded. The number of rumination chews and the time taken to ruminate each cud per day were counted using a digital stopwatch. Dry matter (DM) intake was not affected by inclusion of castor meal in the concentrate, averaging 884.02 g day?1. The feeding activity was not affected by addition of castor meal. Rumination time increased linearly, whereas the idle and rumination times decreased linearly with addition of castor meal. Feeding time, expressed in min per kg of DM and NDF, was not influenced by the inclusion of the meal in the diet, averaging 373.3 and 880.0 min, respectively. The number of chews and the time taken to ruminate each cud were not changed by inclusion of castor meal in the diet. Feed efficiency, expressed in grams DM and NDF per hour, was not influenced by castor meal inclusion in the diet. Rumination efficiency expressed in g DM h?1 decreased, but was not affected when expressed in g NDF h?1. Total replacement of soybean meal by castor meal in the concentrate does not affect the feeding time or feed efficiency of feedlot sheep, but leads to a small reduction of their rumination efficiency. Thus, we recommend the inclusion of castor meal in sheep diets at the levels tested in this study.

scholarly journals The Effect of Initial Oxygen Exposure on Diaphragm Activity in Preterm Infants at Birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud W. van Leuteren ◽  
Anouk W. J. Scholten ◽  
Janneke Dekker ◽  
Tessa Martherus ◽  
Frans H. de Jongh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Oxygen Group ◽  
Breathing Effort ◽  
Diaphragm Activity

Background: The initial FiO2 that should be used for the stabilization of preterm infants in the delivery room (DR) is still a matter of debate as both hypoxia and hyperoxia should be prevented. A recent randomized controlled trial showed that preterm infants [gestational age (GA) &lt; 30 weeks] stabilized with an initial high FiO2 (1.0) had a significantly higher breathing effort than infants stabilized with a low FiO2 (0.3). As the diaphragm is the main respiratory muscle in these infants, we aimed to describe the effects of the initial FiO2 on diaphragm activity.Methods: In a subgroup of infants from the original bi-center randomized controlled trial diaphragm activity was measured with transcutaneous electromyography of the diaphragm (dEMG), using three skin electrodes that were placed directly after birth. Diaphragm activity was compared in the first 5 min after birth. From the dEMG respiratory waveform several outcome measures were determined for comparison of the groups: average peak- and tonic inspiratory activity (dEMGpeak and dEMGton, respectively), inspiratory amplitude (dEMGamp), area under the curve (dEMGAUC) and the respiratory rate (RR).Results: Thirty-one infants were included in this subgroup, of which 29 could be analyzed [n = 15 (median GA 28.4 weeks) and n = 14 (median GA 27.9 weeks) for the 100 and 30% oxygen group, respectively]. Tonic diaphragm activity was significantly higher in the high FiO2-group (4.3 ± 2.1 μV vs. 2.9 ± 1.1 μV; p = 0.047). The other dEMG-parameters (dEMGpeak, dEMGamp, dEMGAUC) showed consistently higher values in the high FiO2 group, but did not reach statistical significance. Average RR showed similar values in both groups (34 ± 9 vs. 32 ± 10 breaths/min for the high and low oxygen group, respectively).Conclusion: Preterm infants stabilized with an initial high FiO2 showed significantly more tonic diaphragm activity and an overall trend toward a higher level of diaphragm activity than those stabilized with an initial low FiO2. These results confirm that a high initial FiO2 after birth stimulates breathing effort, which can be objectified with dEMG.

scholarly journals Effects of a dietary supplement on gastric ulcer number and severity in exercising horses1

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Alysia L Conner ◽  
Amanda J Davis ◽  
Cheryl A Porr
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Gastric Lesion ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Dependent Variables

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of a dietary supplement on the treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). Gastroscopy was performed on university riding horses of mixed breeds at two locations and only horses exhibiting gastric ulcers were selected to participate in this study (location A, n = 13; location B, n = 15). Gastric ulcer severity was assessed using two different methods depending on location before treatment (Pre). After gastroscopy, horses were fed the supplement in addition to their regular diet for 44 d (14-d adaptation period followed by 30-d feeding period). All horses were subjected to gastroscopy again at the end of the feeding period (Post) to evaluate changes in gastric lesions. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS. Individual horses were the experimental unit with dependent variables including severity and number of gastric ulcers. At location A, dependent variable included severity of gastric lesions with fixed effects of time (Pre and Post) and location (stall or pasture). For location B, dependent variables included severity and number of gastric lesions with fixed effects of time. Severity of gastric ulcers decreased at both locations in horses following the feeding period. Gastric lesion scores decreased from 2.2990 to 1.3760 (P = 0.0015) at location A and gastric lesion severity from 3.8000 to 2.5667 (P = 0.0322) at location B. No differences were found in gastric lesion scores at location A between horses housed in stalls or pastures (1.8750 and 1.8000; P = 0.7783). The number of gastric ulcers observed at location B were similar Pre and Post treatment (3.4667 and 3.5333; P = 0.8363). There were no changes in body condition score (P ≥ 0.2607), BW (P ≥ 0.4551), or behavior at either location. Results suggest that oral supplementation may decrease severity of gastric ulcers in horses participating in university riding programs.

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