EFFECT OF SELECTION FOR MILK AND TOTAL MILK SOLIDS ON BUTTERFAT, SOLIDS-NOT-FAT, AND PROTEIN IN MILK FROM DAIRY CATTLE

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Curtis ◽  
C. G. Hickman
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Total Digestible Nutrient

Production data from five Holstein, six Ayrshire, and three Jersey herds were analysed to give the expected effects of milk and total milk solids selection on milk quality as measured by per cent butterfat, solids-not-fat, and protein. Progeny tests were conducted at 11 locations under total digestible nutrient controlled, year-round stable feeding conditions.With varying breeding values for total milk solids yield, there was no definite trend between quality and quantity for Holsteins and Ayrshires, but in Jerseys quality showed a definite downward trend with increasing quantity.For milk yield breeding values the same applied except that protein percentage in Holsteins also showed a downward trend with increasing quantity.

Genetic line × concentrate level interactions for milk production and feed efficiency in dairy cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wang ◽  
G. L. Roy ◽  
A. J. Lee ◽  
A. J. McAllister ◽  
T. R. Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genetic Line ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Concentrate Level

Early first lactation data from 2230 cows of five research herds of Agriculture Canada were used to study the interactions of genetic line by concentrate level, and sire by concentrate level and to estimate breeding values of sires. The genetic lines were defined as Holstein (H), Ayrshire (A), and H × A or A × H (C). The interactions of sire by concentrate level were studied separately using progeny of five different mating groups: G1, H sires mated to H cows; G2, H sires mated to H, A and C cows; G3, A sires mated to A cows; G4, A sires mated to H, A and C cows; and G5, C sires mated to C cows. The interactions of genetic line by concentrate were significant (P < 0.05) for 56- to 112-d milk yield (MY112), corrected 56-to 112-d milk yield (CMY112) and feed efficiency (EFMY112 = MY112/TDN consumption). H and C cows produced more milk and were more efficient than A cows when fed high levels of concentrate. The H cattle possess a greater capacity to convert the concentrate into milk, while A cattle reach maximum milk production earlier than H cattle. The interactions of sire by concentrate were statistically significant for MY112, EFMY112 and CMY112 in G1 (P < 0.01), and G2 (P < 0.01). The breeding values of sires for MY112 were estimated using BLUP for all of the H line (BLUP-T), for half of the population consuming low amounts of concentrate (BLUP-L) and for the other half consuming high amounts (BLUP-H). A significant reranking of sires was found among the three groups. Key words: Genotype × environment interaction, milk production, efficiency, breeding value, dairy cattle

scholarly journals Heritability of Teat Condition in Italian Holstein Friesian and Its Relationship with Milk Production and Somatic Cell Score

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2271
Author(s):  
Francesco Tiezzi ◽  
Antonio Marco Maisano ◽  
Stefania Chessa ◽  
Mario Luini ◽  
Stefano Biffani
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Somatic Cell Score ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Current Selection

In spite of the impressive advancements observed on both management and genetic factors, udder health still represents one of most demanding objectives to be attained in the dairy cattle industry. Udder morphology and especially teat condition might represent the first physical barrier to pathogens’ access. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic component of teat condition and to elucidate its relationship with both milk yield and somatic cell scores in dairy cattle. Moreover, the effect of selection for both milk yield and somatic cell scores on teat condition was also investigated. A multivariate analysis was conducted on 10,776 teat score records and 30,160 production records from 2469 Italian Holstein cows. Three teat scoring traits were defined and included in the analysis. Heritability estimates for the teat score traits were moderate to low, ranging from 0.084 to 0.238. When teat score was based on a four-classes ordinal scoring, its genetic correlation with milk yields and somatic cell score were 0.862 and 0.439, respectively. The scale used to classify teat-end score has an impact on the magnitude of the estimates. Genetic correlations suggest that selection for milk yield could deteriorate teat health, unless more emphasis is given to somatic cell scores. Considering that both at national and international level, the current selection objectives are giving more emphasis to health traits, a further genetic deterioration in teat condition is not expected.

scholarly journals Response of Health Care to Selection for Milk Yield of Dairy Cattle

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 3137-3152 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.P. Jones ◽  
L.B. Hansen ◽  
H. Chester-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Genetic profile of Holstein and Jersey dairy bull lines available in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
Leila de Genova Gaya ◽  
Diego de Córdova Cucco ◽  
Leandro Homrich Lorentz ◽  
Marcio Pereira Soares ◽  
Fernanda Batistel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Genetic Pattern ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Dairy Bull ◽  
Milk Solids

The Holstein and Jersey dairy cattle breeds are among the most prevalent in Brazil. To evaluate differences among the PTAs (predicted transmitting abilities) of these breeds and their lines, data were collected on 385 Holstein bulls and 82 Jersey sires with semen commercially available from nine Brazilian companies. Three different sire lines for each breed were found. The general linear models method was used for the comparison among lines and between breeds. The two most prevalent lines of Holstein breed presented higher average PTAs for milk yield (1,061.04 pounds and 975.32 pounds) and lower PTAs for percentage of milk solids (from -0.05% to -0.0003%) (P<0.05). These results indicate the supply of sires that mostly increase the milk yield in the Brazilian market. The Jersey breed presented a higher inbreeding coefficient (6.62%) than the Holstein breed (5.14%) (P<0.05). Although the Holstein breed presented higher PTAs for milk yield and lower PTAs for percentage of milk solids (P<0.05), the productive life of the Jersey breed (1.17 months) was longer than it was in the Holstein breed (0.40 months) (P<0.05). We identified the existence of an important variability of the available genetic profiles, what allows the Brazilian producers to choose the most adequate semen for their production system. It is necessary to consider the genetic profiles of sires' lines offered for artificial insemination in Brazil to understand and direct the genetic pattern of Brazilian dairy cattle.

Expected early genetic gain from selection for milk yield in dairy cattle

1987 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Dentine ◽  
B. T. McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Estimation of genetic parameters and prediction of breeding values for some economic traits of Black Bengal Goat under farming condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
MA Jalil ◽  
S Akther ◽  
MP Choudhury ◽  
MA Habib
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Black Bengal Goat ◽  
Daily Milk

The study was undertaken to evaluate the genetic progress of Black Bengal Goat (BBG) by estimating genetic parameters viz. heritability and breeding values for economically important productive and reproductive traits (birth weight, weight at 3, 6, 9 & 12 months, daily milk yield, lactation length, total milk yield and litter size of BBG goat population). Variance and co-variance components were analyzed applying Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) approach by VCE 4.2.5 computer package. The heritability (h2) of birth weight was estimated as 0.2, which was low. The heritability estimates for 3-month weight (0.40), 6-month weight (0.50), 9-month weight (0.37) and 12-month weight (0.36) were found medium. Estimated h2 of daily milk yield, total milk yield and lactation length in this study were from 0.55 to 0.82.  h2 of litter size was 0.09. The maximum estimated breeding value (EBV) was found for 6 month body weight (12.94 kg), however, for daily milk yield, the value was 1.513 kg. The results found in this study revealed that genetic improvement of BBG for most of the traits is possible by selection and breeding. Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 20(1-2): 8-17, Jan-Dec 2013

Grazing behaviour of dairy cattle selected for high and average milk yield

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
B. Fuerst-Waltl ◽  
J. Sölkner ◽  
M. C. Appleby
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

AbstractThe present study was designed to examine the effects of selection for milk production as well as stage of pregnancy, on the grazing behaviour of dairy cattle. Subjects were 43 Holstein-Friesian cows from the Langhill Dairy Herd in Edinburgh. The herd consists of two genetic lines, one selected for high milk solids yield and a control line of average genetic index for milk solids yield. Animals of both genetic lines were observed as non-lactating heifers in 1992 and as first lactating and dry cows in 1993. Behaviour was recorded using scan-sampling procedures during seven observation periods at day and two periods at night. For analysis animals were grouped by their first lactation 305-day ECM (energy-corrected milk) yield for four observation periods during the day and for both night time observations animals were additionally grouped by stage of pregnancy. The majority of selected animals was in the high yielders’ group. In September 1992 and 1993 herbage intake on pasture was also investigated.No significant influence of 305-day ECM yield on time spent grazing, lying or ruminating was found. The influence of stage of pregnancy was stronger, although results for heifers and cows were contradictory. During the day heifers which were closer to parturition spent less time grazing (P < 0.10 in two of three periods) and more time lying (P < 0.05 in one period) whereas lactating cows in late pregnancy spent more time grazing and less time lying (P < 0.01 and P < 0.10, respectively). High yielders had higher herbage intakes than low yielders but this result was significant for heifers only (P < 0.01).

scholarly journals Implementation of an Economic Lifetime Net Merit for the Dual-Purpose German Black Pied Cattle Breed

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Saskia Meier ◽  
Danny Arends ◽  
Paula Korkuć ◽  
Sandra Kipp ◽  
Dierck Segelke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Fitness Traits ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values

Recently, a Total Merit Index (RZ€) has been developed for German Holstein dairy cattle on the basis of margin in Euro. Our aim was to adjust this lifetime net merit for the dual-purpose German Black Pied cattle breed (DSN) accounting for beef production in addition to milk performance and fitness traits. We used the estimated breeding values of DSN sires and developed a breeding value for carcass weight and quality. Furthermore, we adjusted the German Holstein marginal profits per standard deviation, which are used to calculate the estimated breeding values, to DSN-specific values. The DSN Net Merit is the sum of the three sub-indices DSN Net Milk, DSN Net Fitness, and DSN Net Beef, which contribute to the DSN Net Merit with 52.84%, 43.43%, and 3.73%, respectively. The DSN Net Merit that was calculated for 33 DSN sires ranged between EUR −1114 and +709. The DSN Net Merit strongly correlates with the Total Merit Index. The implementation of the DSN Net Merit is useful for selection and mating decisions. Especially, the sub-index DSN Net Beef, which does not correlate with existing breeding values, can be used to maintain the dual-purpose character of DSN while modestly improving milk yield. The approach can be easily adapted to other dual-purpose breeds.

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