ALFALFA FED AS FORMIC-ACID-TREATED SILAGE, DEHYDRATED PELLETS OR HAY IN MIXED RATIONS WITH CORN SILAGE FOR LACTATING COWS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Lactating Cows

Alfalfa was conserved as formic-acid-treated silage, dehydrated and pelleted forage and as field-cured hay, and used with and without corn silage for a digestibility trial with sheep. Digestibility of dry matter (DM) was higher for hay than for dehydrated forage but not higher than for silage. Crude protein digestibility was higher for silage and for hay than for dehydrated alfalfa. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility was lowest on dehydrated forage while hemicellulose digestibility was highest. The inclusion of corn silage in the diets increased digestibilities of DM, energy, hemicellulose and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) but decreased crude protein, and ADF digestibilities. A feeding trial using 20 lactating cows in a four-period changeover design compared silage, hay and dehydrated alfalfa, each in combination with corn silage as forage sources. A corn silage control was also used. Concentrate was fed at a ratio of 1 kg for each 4 kg of milk produced. Cows fed hay or pellets consumed more forage DM than cows fed only silages, but milk production was the same for the three alfalfa sources. Milk fat content was depressed by 0.5 percentage units in the milk of cows fed pellets. Efficiency of utilization of digestible energy (DE) and protein for milk production was higher for the alfalfa silage treatment than for hay or pellets. A lower acetic acid and a higher propionic acid concentration was measured in the rumen fluid of cows fed pellets than for cows.

EVALUATION OF CORN AND SORGHUM-SUDAN SILAGES ON THE BASIS OF DRY MATTER INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY AND MILK PRODUCTION

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-435
Author(s):  
L. J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Production

Sorghum-sudan (S-S) silage and corn silage were compared on the basis of dry matter intake and milk production when fed to lactating cows and on the basis of digestibility when fed to wether Iambs. Although dry matter percent was lower for the S-S silage, 21.5 vs. 27.4, average daily dry matter intake was nearly the same, 63.4 vs. 64.4 g/kg W0.75 when compared with corn silage. Average daily milk production and total body weight change were significantly less (P < 0.05), 218.7 vs. 234.4 g/kg W0.75 and − 7.0 vs. + 10.7 kg, respectively, for cows fed S-S silage. Rumen fluid from cows fed corn silage contained a significantly lower molar percent acetic acid and higher butyric acid (P < 0.01) than rumen fluid from cows fed S-S silage. Digestibility coefficients were greater (P < 0.01) for corn silage dry matter, nitrogen-free extract, fiber and energy, but significantly less for protein (P < 0.01) when compared with S-S silage. The high nitrogen content and protein digestibility suggest that sorghum-sudan hybrids may be usefully employed in ruminant rations, although they are low in digestible energy content when compared with corn.

scholarly journals Performance and blood parameters of Holstein/Zebu crossbred heifers fed with two tannins sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e128922150
Author(s):  
Carla Giselly de Souza ◽  
Severino Gonzaga Neto ◽  
Lara Toledo Henriques ◽  
Gherman Garcia Leal Araújo ◽  
Luciana Thie Seki Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Significant Difference

The present research objective was to evaluate the performance and blood parameters of lactating cows fed with a diet of two tannin sources, based on sorghum (condensed tannin)  with increasing concentrations of tannic acid (hydrolyzable tannin’s). Increasing levels of tannic acid in a sorghum-based diet for five Holstein/Zebu crossbred lactating cows were subject to a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design. To assess the effect on cow intake, digestibility, milk production, and blood parameters. All cows received 9.87 kg/DM of corn silage as roughage and 6.38 kg of concentrate consisting of 2.58 kg/DM of ground sorghum 0.87 kg/DM of cornmeal 1.32 kg/DM of soybean bran 0.44 kg/DM of wheat bran 0.2 kg/ DM of urea and 0.18 kg/ DM of mineral mixture. Diet 1 (control) contained low-tannin sorghum and the other diets contained high-tannin sorghum. The levels of tannic acid added to the diets were established based on the quantity of condensed tannin in high-tannin sorghum. Thus, diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with 1.5g (13.%DM), 79.5g (2.6%DM), 157.5g (3.9%DM) and 235.5g (5.2%DM) of tannic acid, totalling 0.078, 0.156, 0.234 and 0.321 total tannin kg/day respectively, to assess the effect on microbial protein synthesis. The diets contained 35 kg of corn silage (roughage) and 6.40 kg of concentrate. The natural and dry matter intake did not significantly differ between groups, except for ether extract (EE) intake that significantly differed. The DM apparent digestibility, crude protein, EE, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrate, and non-fibrous carbohydrate did not differ (P > 0.05) with the increase in dietary tannin supplementation. The GOT levels increased linearly. The blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol (total, LDL and HDL) levels did not significantly differ. Hemoglobin showed a significant difference. No significant difference in urea, creatinine and uric acid occurred. Diets using two tannins sources supplementation caused no decrease in the dietary intake or digestibility in the animals. The GOT level changed significantly, showing linear behavior, however below the toxicity level, without any change in the other blood parameters. Milk production decreased with the increase in dietary tannin supplementation. 

EFFECTS OF VARIOUS ROUGHAGE SOURCES IN COMPLETE FEEDS ON MILK PRODUCTION, COMPOSITION AND RUMEN METABOLISM OF DAIRY COWS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. IBRAHIM ◽  
J. R. INGALLS
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

Twenty lactating cows were used over two growing seasons to compare three complete feeds containing corn silage, alfalfa grass silage or ground hay, with long hay as the control. The roughage to concentrate ratio was 6:4 in experiment 1, and 4:6 in experiment 2. There were no significant (P < 0.05) differences m dry matter and total digestible nutrient (TDN) intake among roughage sources except for corn silage in experiment 1. The molar percentage of acetic, butyric, valeric, isobutyric and isovaleric and the molar proportion of acetic to propionic were not affected (P < 0.05) by different sources of roughage. In experiment 1, TDN, dry matter, crude protein and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) digestibility was lower (P < 0.05) for the corn silage diet. However, in experiment 2 there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in TDN, dry matter, crude protein and NFE digestibility among the experimental treatments. Blood glucose and urea concentrations were not affected by roughage sources. The mean daily (experiment 1) milk yields of cows fed long and ground hay mixtures were greater (P < 0.05) than those of cows fed the alfalfa grass silage mixture; however, the mean daily fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield was not affected (P < 0.05) by the source of roughage (experiment 1). The mean daily milk yield and FCM yield were not affected significantly (P < 0.05) by roughage source (experiment 2). The percentage of milk fat, and solids-not-fat, were not influenced (P < 0.05) by roughage source (experiments 1 and 2). Roughage source appeared to have little effect on molar ratios of fatty acids found in the milk fat.

NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LACTATING COWS FED UREA-TREATED CORN SILAGE OR GRASS SILAGE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
D. E. WALDERN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Nitrogen utilization was studied when eight lactating cows were offered ad libitum urea-treated corn silage (15.3% crude protein) or grass silage (14.5% crude protein), plus a grain ration at 1 kg grain to 3.5 kg of 4% fat-corrected milk, in a digestion and nitrogen (N) balance trial. Analyses of the forages indicated greater acid detergent fiber content for the grass than for the corn silage: 46.8 and 35.1% on a dry matter basis, respectively. Digestibility of dry matter, energy, crude protein, true protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and N balance were significantly greater (P < 0.05) for cows fed urea–corn silage than for those fed grass silage. The nitrogen of urea–corn silage was used more efficiently for milk and tissue protein synthesis. Decreased nitrogen utilization for cows fed grass silage was associated with lower energy and higher acid detergent fiber content for grass silage than for urea–corn silage.

APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF UREA OR AMMONIA-SOLUTION-TREATED CORN SILAGES FOR LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS AND MATURE SHEEP

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. BAREEBA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
J. A. McKIRDY ◽  
H. R. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Mineral Solution ◽  
Silage Fermentation

Corn silages were treated at harvest with 0.5% urea or 1.3–2.2% ammonia-molasses-mineral solution. Apparent recoveries of added nitrogen in the corn silages ranged from 95 to 100% in both experiments. Water-insoluble N and lactic acid contents were increased in the treated silages as compared to the control. Four diets containing either (1) grass-legume (GL) silage (38% DM) + medium grain (MG); (2) 0.5% urea-treated corn (CU) silage (31% DM) + MG; (3) 2.2% ammonia-treated corn (AC) silage (32% DM) + MG; (4) AC silage + low grain (LG) were fed to eight Holstein cows in a latin square design. Silage DM consumption, milk production and milk composition were not different (P > 0.05) among treatments. Reducing the level of grain feeding from 32 to 23% of the diet with ammonia-treated corn silage resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in total DM consumption, with no apparent effect on milk production or composition, at the levels of production observed in this study. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences among treatments in molar percentages of acetic, propionic and butyric acids in rumen fluid. However, no differences were observed in milk fat or solid nonfat contents of the cows receiving the four experimental diets. Sheep digestion studies carried out on the above silages indicated apparent digestibilities of DM, CP and energy were lower (P < 0.05) for the GL silage compared with the UC or AC silages (exp. 1), whereas there were no differences in apparent digestibilities of DM and energy of untreated corn silage or NPN-treated silages (exp. 2). However, crude protein digestion coefficient was lower (P < 0.05) for untreated corn silage compared with the three NPN-treated corn silages. The present studies failed to show a beneficial effect of treating corn silage with an ammonia, molasses and mineral solution rather than urea on silage fermentation and animal performance. Key words: Dairy cows, sheep, nitrogen balance, ammonia treatment, corn silage

scholarly journals Evaluation of a high forage total mixed ration on the lactational performance of late lactation dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Gadeken ◽  
D. P. Casper
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
High Forage

Abstract Dairy producers continuously ask questions challenging the paradigm of how much forage can be included in the ration to meet the nutrient requirements of lactating dairy cows to support milk production. The production and feeding of forages having both high dry matter digestibility (DMD) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFd) are needed to increase nutrient supply. Mid- to late-lactation lactating Holstein dairy cows were blocked by parity (10 primiparous and 10 multiparous), milk production (range 33.9 to 56.6; μ = 41.5 kg/d), and days in milk (DIM) (range 140 to 287; μ = 225 d) and randomly assigned within blocks to 1 of 2 rations based on medium forage (MF) or high forage (HF) inclusion rates. A forage blend consisting of 60% second cutting (2012) alfalfa haylage and 40% (2012) corn silage blended on a DM basis and then fed at either 60% (MF) or 80% (HF) of the ration DM. The alfalfa haylage DM (DMD = 75.7%) and NDF (NDFd = 55.7%) digestibility was above average, but corn silage (DMD = 72.9, NDFd = 52.3%, and starch = 32.1%) was average. The experimental design was a randomized completed block design with 4 continuous weeks for data collection preceded by a 1 wk covariate data collection period in which all cows were fed the MF ration. Cows were milked 3 times/d and milk weights recorded at each milking and milk samples were collected at each milking once weekly for analysis of milk composition. Rations were similar in crude protein (CP; 16.4%), starch (20.1%), acid detergent fiber (ADF; 21.8%), and NDF (34.1%) concentrations. Covariately adjusted milk production (28.1 and 24.1 kg/d for MF and HF, respectively) and 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM; 27.6 and 24.1 kg/d) were significantly reduced by feeding the HF ration compared with cows fed the MF ration, while milk fat (3.98 and 4.0%), milk protein (3.11 and 3.17%), milk lactose (4.81 and 4.77%), and milk solids-not-fat (8.87 and 8.77%) percentages were similar for cows fed both rations. Cows on the HF ration demonstrated a significant reduction in DMI and a trend for decreased body weight (BW) when compared with cows fed the MF ration. The forage nutrient digestibility was not adequate to support the milk production of mid- to late-lactation dairy cows when fed at 80% of the DM. The forage nutrient digestibility when fed at very high inclusion rate (80%) could not meet the nutrient requirements of mid- to late-lactation dairy cows.

scholarly journals Supplementation of crossbred cows with maize and urea in tropical pasture

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1187-1193
Author(s):  
M.G. Guerra ◽  
A.S.C. Véras ◽  
M.A. Ferreira ◽  
L.P. Novaes ◽  
A.L.C. Gurgel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Experimental Treatments

ABSTRACT This research article aims to evaluate the effect of total replacement of corn by soybean meal and urea on intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter and its components, production and composition of milk and feeding behavior of lactating cows grazing, with intermittent stocking Mombaça grass (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaça). Twelve milking cows were distributed in a triple 4 x 4 latin square. Experimental treatments consisted of four soybean meal replacement levels by corn more urea (0; 33; 66; 100%). The grass has an average content of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of 19% and 59%, respectively. The replacement of soybean meal by corn and urea did not affect the intake and digestibility of nutrients. A linear reduction of milk production was observed, but there was no change in milk production corrected to 4.0% of fat. The milk components (g/kg) of fat, protein, lactose, and total solids were not altered, as well as feeding behavior. Under the conditions of this study, the replacement of the diets is suitable for crossbred dairy cows in lactation third medium, producing in average of 12.5 kg/day-1 when kept in quality pastures.

RAPESEED MEAL VERSUS SOYBEAN MEAL AS THE ONLY PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR LACTATING COWS FED CORN SILAGE ROUGHAGE RATIONS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. WALDERN
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Supplemental Protein

Digestion, nitrogen balance, and a 112-day lactation trial were conducted with Holstein–Friesian cows fed corn silage as the only roughage, and concentrate rations containing either rapeseed meal (RSM) or soybean meal (SBM) as the only source of supplemental protein. The RSM and SBM consumed in the lactation trial represented 11.8 and 10.6% of the total daily dry matter intake, respectively. Digestibility of total ration crude protein was lower (P < 0.05) for RSM- than SBM-supplemented cows; nitrogen retention and efficiency of nitrogen utilization, however, was comparable for cows in the two treatment groups. Daily milk production, 4% fat-corrected milk production, percent milk fat, protein, and nonfat solids were greater (P < 0.05) for cows fed concentrate containing SBM than for those fed RSM as the source of supplemental protein. Milk production declined more for cows fed RSM compared with those fed SBM during the 112-day trial.

EVALUATION OF WHOLE CROP OAT SILAGE AS A BASAL FORAGE FOR LACTATING COWS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
G. A. LODGE
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Molar Percent ◽  
Dough Stage

Corn silage ensiled at 33% dry matter (DM) (Treatment CS); oats harvested at the milk stage of maturity and ensiled with oat grain (Treatment OG); oats harvested at the milk stage of maturity and wilted prior to ensiling (Treatment OM) and oats harvested at the soft dough stage of maturity and ensiled (Treatment OSD) were fed to each of 16 lactating cows during four successive 49-day periods, according to a switchback design. The silages as fed contained 34.5, 34.2, 31.9 and 36.6% dry matter (DM) and 8.6, 14.0, 14.4 and 10.5% protein for Treatments CS, OG, OM, and OSD, respectively. Forage dry matter (DM) intake was significantly greater (P < 0.01) on Treatment OG than on CS, and significantly less (P < 0.01) on Treatment OM than on either CS, OG or OSD. Milk yield was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on Treatment OG than on OM. Milk protein percent was higher (P < 0.05) on Treatment CS than on OSD, and lactose percent was lower (P < 0.01) on Treatment CS than on OG. There was no significant effect (P > 0.05) of treatment on the acetate:propionate ratio in the rumen fluid. However, molar percent of rumen butyrate was significantly (P < 0.05) lower on Treatment OM than on either CS or OG. The apparent digestibilities of silage DM were 58.6, 58.0, 60.8, and 52.9, and of silage crude protein were 43.3, 65.3, 63.8, and 55.0 for Treatments CS, OG, OM, and OSD, respectively. Efficiencies of conversion of dietary energy and protein to milk energy and protein were also calculated.

THE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING COWS FED UREA-TREATED CORN SILAGE IN COMBINATION WITH SOYBEAN OR FISHMEAL CONTAINING CONCENTRATES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
S. MAHADEVAN ◽  
R. M. TEATHER ◽  
F. D. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Lactating Cows

A total of 41 multiparous Holstein cows were randomly allocated, prepartum, to one of five diets. Diets were (1) a negative control consisting of 15.5% soybean meal (SBM) concentrate plus control corn silage (CS) (12.6% crude protein, (CP)); (2) 33.5% SMB concentrate plus CS (15.6% CP); (3) 15.5% SMB concentrate plus urea-treated corn silage (UCS) (15.1% CP); (4) 12% fishmeal (FM) concentrate plus UCS (15.4% CP); and (5) 26% FM concentrate plus CS (16.2% CP). Concentrates and CS or UCS were mixed (40:60, dry matter) daily and fed ad lib for a 305-day lactation period. An increase in dietary CP from 12.6% in the negative control to 15.4% by the inclusion of FM and UCS significantly (P < 0.05) increased 305-day milk production while a similar increase in CP by inclusion of SBM and UCS did not. Milk fat content (%) was higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed diets 2 and 3 than for those fed diets 1 and 5. Fat production (g/day) during weeks 13–16 of lactation was greater for cows receiving diets 2, 3 and 4 than for those on diets 1 and 5. Body weight gain during the lactation was significantly (P < 0.05) greater for animals on diet 5 than those on the other four diets. Compared to the negative control, rumen ammonia concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated when soybean meal was fed alone or in combination with UCS but not when when FM was similarly fed. The results suggest that NPN was effectively utilized when used to increase total dietary CP from approximately 12 to 15%. Key words: Fishmeal, soybean meal, urea-treated silage, dairy cattle

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