BREED AVERAGES AND AGE OF DAM ADJUSTMENT FACTORS FOR BIRTH WEIGHT OF BEEF CATTLE

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
A. K. W. TONG
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Sire Breed

A subset of birth weight records consisting of 191 535 calves, from 7021 herd-years with fewer than 50% estimated weights, tested during 1971 through 1980 was selected from the data files of the Federal-Provincial Record of Performance program for beef cattle to estimate breed averages and age of dam adjustment factors. The main effects included herd-years, breed of sire, breed of dam, sex of calf and age of dam. The interaction effects for breed of sire by sex of calf on birth weight were significant (P < 0.01) and the estimated differences for 22 breeds of sire expressed as deviations from the Hereford breed ranged from − 4.05 to 6.27 kg for male calves and from − 3.70 to 6.20 kg for female calves. The effects of breed of dam, sex of calf, age of dam and all the two-way interactions were significant at P < 0.01, while the three-way interaction was significant at P < 0.05. Additive age of dam adjustment factors within sex of calf were derived for 12 breeds of dam. The general age of dam effects averaged over breed of sire and breed of dam, expressed as deviations from the mature dams, were − 2.69, − 1.27, − 0.41, 0 kg for male calves, and − 2.64, − 1.26, − 0.50, 0 kg for female calves from 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5 + yr-old dams. Key words: Birth weight, breed averages, age of dam adjustment factors

SEX OF CALF AND AGE OF DAM ADJUSTMENTS FOR SOME PERFORMANCE TRAITS IN TWO POPULATIONS OF BEEF CATTLE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SHARMA ◽  
L. WILLMS ◽  
R. T. HARDIN ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Methods Of Application

Sex of calf and age of dam effects on birth weight, preweaning ADG, 180-day weaning weight; and age of dam effects on yearling weight, postweaning ADG in males, and 18-mo weight in females were studied in a Hereford and a beef Synthetic population. The effects of breed, sex of calf, age of dam and year were significant on preweaning traits. The superior milking ability of Synthetic cows over Herefords was more pronounced for male than female calves. Additive and multiplicative adjustment factors were calculated from the least squares analyses. Additive adjustments for age of dam and multiplicative adjustments for sex of calf were found most suitable for preweaning traits. Three methods of application of adjustment factors were studied. Multiplicative sex of calf adjustment followed by additive age of dam adjustment was found to be most effective as indicated by the reductions in mean squares for main effects and interactions. Additive and multiplicative age of dam factors are presented for yearling weight in males and 18-mo weight in females. Use of additive factors is recommended. Extending weaning weight age of dam adjustments for postweaning traits was not found suitable in this study. Key words: Beef cattle, age and sex, adjustment factors

EFFECTS OF YEARLING WEIGHT SELECTION IN SHORTHORN BEEF CATTLE ON AGE-OF-DAM ADJUSTMENT FACTORS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-965
Author(s):  
J. C. OLTHOFF ◽  
G. H. CROW ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Selection Line ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Performance Change ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Over Time

Lines within a breed which differ in their level of performance may require different age-of-dam adjustment factors in the same way that different breeds do. Age-of-dam adjustments calculated from a control and a yearling weight selection line indicated lower values in the selected line for calf birth weight, weaning weight and yearling weight for 2- and 4-yr-old dams. Trends for adjustment factors in each line over time were generally not significant but tended to diverge. Age-of-dam adjustment factors within a breed may need to be reevaluated at intervals as levels of performance change. Key words: Beef cattle, age of dam adjustment, selection, yearling weight

Adjusting scrotal circumference of yearling beef bulls in five composites

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Kress ◽  
K. C. Davis ◽  
M. W. Tess
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Significant Regression ◽  
Linear Regressions

Records from five composite strains of beef cattle were used to estimate age of dam and age of bull adjustment factors for scrotal circumference of yearling bulls. Data were obtained from Beefbooster Cattle Alberta Ltd., Calgary, AB. There were 5244 scrotal circumference records on yearling bulls born from 1987 to 1992. M1, M2, and M4 were maternal composites selected primarily for weaning weight, M3 was a terminal composite selected primarily for low birth weight, and TX was a terminal composite selected primarily for feedlot gain. The prominent foundation breeds were Angus for M1, Hereford for M2, various small breeds for M3, Limousin and Gelbvieh for M4, and Charolais for TX. Statistical analyses were performed for each composite separately according to the model that included the fixed effects of herd, year, age of dam and linear (quadratic was not significant) regression on age of bull at measurement. Average age at measurement was 340, 333, 361, 358, and 375 d for M1, M2, M3, M4, and TX, respectively, and range in age was about 100 d for most composites. Age of dam was significant for all composites except M4. Linear regressions on age of bull were 0.0376, 0.0379, 0.0308, 0.0410, and 0.0349 cm d−1 for M1, M2, M3, M4, and TX, respectively. Scrotal circumference of composite bulls should be adjusted additively for age of dam and linearly for age of bull. These adjustments tended to be smaller for age of dam and larger for age of bull than those reported for straighbred or purebred bulls. Key words: Beef cattle, composites, scrotal circumference, adjustment factors

ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC EFFECTS ON PREWEANING PERFORMANCE OF CALVES FROM FIRST-CROSS COWS. II. GROWTH TRAITS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Sire Breed

Environmental and genetic effects on preweaning growth traits were evaluated for 4034 calves born and 3732 calves weaned in second and later parities from contemporary populations of first-cross dams maintained at two locations, Brandon and Manyberries. The calves were sired by Chianina (Chi), Charolais (C), Limousin (L) and Simmental (S) bulls mated to 10 F1 dam crosses representing the Hereford × Angus (HA) and nine dam-cross combinations produced by matings of C, S and L sires with H, A and Shorthorn (N) females. Sex differences were important (P < 0.0001) with males averaging 7% heavier at birth and 5% higher in measures of postweaning growth than females. Location differences were negligible for birth weight (1.2%), but preweaning growth rate was 10–13% greater at Brandon (P < 0.0001) than at Manyberries. Year differences were large for all traits measured (P < 0.0001) and, with the exception of birth weight, were related to differences in annual weaning date. Progeny rankings by terminal sire breed were Chi > C (2.5%), Chi > S (4.2%), and Chi > L (11.4%) for birth weight (all P < 0.0001) and Chi = C = S > L by 6% (P < 0.0001) for all measures of preweaning growth. Ranking of the dam crosses by their breed of sire (DS) were C > S > L for birth weight (P < 0.0001) and S > C > L for preweaning growth (P < 0.0002). The paired DS comparisons indicated S > L by 9.1% and C > L by 2.7% for growth rate. Ranking of the dam crosses by their breed of dam (DD) were H = N > A (P < 0.0001) for birth weight and [Formula: see text] for preweaning growth traits. A location × dam cross interaction was evident for the Charolais × Shorthorn dam cross (P < 0.01). Progeny from all dam crosses except the LH and LA at Manyberries grew more rapidly than their contemporary controls (HA progeny) with the Simmental crosses averaging 11–14% higher than the HA. Genetic interactions involving breed of sire and breed of dam were absent. Key words: Beef cattle, crossbreeding, preweaning growth

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CALF GENETIC TYPE ON PREWEANING TRAITS UNDER COMMERCIAL BEEF CATTLE CONDITIONS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
D. K. AARON ◽  
F. A. THRIFT
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Type ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Weight Data

Birth and weaning weight data were evaluated on 1/2 Simmental (SH, SA), 1/2 Maine-Anjou (MH, MA), 3/4 Simmental (S.SH, S.SA) and 3/4 Maine-Anjou (M.MH, M.MA) calves. For birth weight, 1/2 Simmental calves were lighter (P < 0.01) than 1/2 Maine-Anjou calves, and calves from Hereford cows were heavier (P < 0.01) than calves from Angus cows. Also, S.SH calves were heavier (P < 0.01) than S.SA calves. For weaning weight, 3/4 Simmental calves were heavier (P < 0.01) than 3/4 Maine-Anjou calves, and 1/2 Simmental and Maine-Anjou calves were lighter (P < 0.01) than 3/4 Simmental and Maine-Anjou calves. Key words: Calf genetic types, grading-up, beef cattle

CALVING EASE AND CALF MORTALITY IN FIRST-CROSS AND BACKCROSS COWS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Range Management ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Calf Mortality

Calving ease and calf mortality were evaluated for calves out of first-cross and backcross cows maintained under two contrasting environments. All calves were sired by Limousin bulls. The dam crosses at Brandon were HA, SN, CN, ACA, CCA, ASA, SSA, HCH, CCH, HSH, SSH, NCN, CCN, SSN, and NSN with H = Hereford, A = Angus, N = Shorthorn, C = Charolais, S = Simmental and a SSA cross was 3/4 Simmental-1/4 Angus. At Manyberries the dam crosses were HA, SN, ASA, SSA, HSH, SSH, NSN, and SSN. The calves were born between 1982 and 1986, inclusive, at Brandon, Manitoba (semi-intensive management) and Manyberries, Alberta (extensive range management). At Brandon, when calf birth weight was not a covariate, the significant dam cross contrasts for calving ease included less difficulty for SN cows than either the SSN or NSN cows, and for 3/4 A-1/4 European continental (E) cows than 1/4A–3/4E cows. When adjusted to a common calf birth weight the significant contrasts were HA cows had more difficulty than SN cows and the combination of SN and CN cows, SN cows had less difficulty than NSN cows, and 3/4A–1/4E cows had less difficulty than 1/4A–3/4E cows. At Manyberries, regardless of whether calf birth weight was excluded or included as a covariate, the SN cows had less difficulty than the SSN and the SSN cows had less difficulty than NSN cows. No significant dam cross comparisons were observed for calf mortality scores. Adjusting the calving ease scores to a constant calf birth weight did not significantly alter the magnitude of the contrasts but it did shift their probability levels. Location and sex of calf effects were not significant except for calving ease at Brandon where more difficulty was associated with male calves than female calves. Key words: Beef cattle, crossbreeding, backcrosses, calving, mortality

BREED OF TERMINAL SIRE EFFECTS ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE-WAY CROSS BEEF CATTLE REARED AT TWO LOCATIONS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Sire Breed ◽  
Carcass Cuts

Carcass characteristics of 3673 steers and heifers born over a 6-yr period (1973–1978) at Brandon, Manitoba (farm conditions) and Manyberries, Alberta (range conditions) were compared. Calves weaned at Manyberries were fed and evaluated at Lacombe. The progeny produced were out of 10 specific F1 crosses of dams mated to bulls of the Charolais (C), Simmental (S), Limousin (L) and Chianina (Chi) breeds. Dam crosses included the Hereford × Angus (HA) and crosses sired by C, S and L sires out of H, A and Shorthorn (N) dams. Terminal sire breed differences in the paired comparisons involving progeny of the Chi (the comparisons with maximum degrees of freedom) indicated that their carcass weight per day of age averaged 1.1% greater than C, 3.6% greater than S and 6.4% greater than L at both locations [Formula: see text]. Simmental progeny had significantly heavier (P = 0.0001) hide weights as a percentage of liveweight and significantly lower (P = 0.0001) dressing percentages than the progeny from C, L and Chi sires. Limousin and Chi-sired progeny had the lowest percentage of hide weight and the highest dressing percentage. Limousin progeny averaged 5.2% greater rib eye area/wt (cm2/kg) than Chi progeny P = 0.0001). Chianina progeny had the lowest proportions (percent of hot carcass weight) of long loin, rib, brisket and flank and the highest proportions of round and the combined trait of rib, round and long loin (P < 0.05). Chianina progeny had the highest percentage of lean in the rib, chuck and long loin while L-sired progeny had the highest percentage lean in the round. Chianina progeny had the highest and L progeny the lowest percentage bone in the rib, chuck, round and long loin. Limousin progeny had the highest lean:bone ratios but least percent lean per day of age at the long loin and round. At both locations significant terminal sire breed by year interactions were observed for all traits. The interactions of breed of dam by year, by sex, and by breed of sire and the interaction of year by sex were nonsignificant. Key words: Cattle, breeds, carcass, cuts, composition

GENETIC EFFECTS ON POSTWEANING GROWTH OF THREE-WAY CROSS BEEF CATTLE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Sire Breed

Genetic effects on postweaning growth traits were evaluated for 3592 crossbred steers and heifers fed at two locations, Brandon, Manitoba and Lacombe, Alberta during a 6-yr period (1973–1978). The calves were sired by Chianina (Chi), Charolais (C), Limousin (L) and Simmental (S) bulls mated to 10 F1 dam-crosses representing the Hereford × Angus (HA) and nine dam-cross combinations produced by mating C, S and L sires with H, A and Shorthorn (N) females. Progeny rankings by terminal sire breed for weight on-test were C = Chi = S > L. For the trait 140-d postweaning average daily gain, progeny rankings were C > Chi = S, C = Chi > L and Chi > S > L. The progeny from the majority of "exotic" cross-dams were heavier on-test, and had higher postweaning average daily gain than progeny from HA dams. Ranking of dam-crosses according to their breed of sire (DS) for the trait weight on-test were S > C > L. The DS comparisons for postweaning average daily gain were C > S > L. The ranking of dam-crosses by breed of dam's dam, for on-test weight and postweaning average daily gain were N > H = A. Genetic interactions (terminal sire by breed cross of dam) were absent. Genotype environment interactions involving breed of terminal sire with year, sex and location were found for weight on-test and postweaning average daily gain. All resulted from changes in the magnitude of breed of sire differences, not from changes in sire rankings. Key words: Cattle, breeds, cross breeding, growth

Exploring the Role of Interaction Effects in Visual Conjoint Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Sylcott ◽  
Jeremy J. Michalek ◽  
Jonathan Cagan
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Biased Estimates ◽  
Data Requirements

In conjoint analysis, interaction effects characterize how preference for the level of one product attribute is dependent on the level of another attribute. When interaction effects are negligible, a main effects fractional factorial experimental design can be used to reduce data requirements and survey cost. This is particularly important when the presence of many parameters or levels makes full factorial designs intractable. However, if interaction effects are relevant, main effects design can create biased estimates and lead to erroneous conclusions. This work investigates consumer preference interactions in the nontraditional context of visual choice-based conjoint analysis, where the conjoint attributes are parameters that define a product's shape. Although many conjoint studies assume interaction effects to be negligible, they may play a larger role for shape parameters. The role of interaction effects is explored in two visual conjoint case studies. The results suggest that interactions can be either negligible or dominant in visual conjoint, depending on consumer preferences. Generally, we suggest using randomized designs to avoid any bias resulting from the presence of interaction effects.

Streckziehen keramischer Grünfolien*/Stretch drawing of ceramic green tapes - Investigation of the factors influencing to the stretch drawing capacity of ceramic green tapes

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 847-850
Author(s):  
Q. Spiller ◽  
M. Baumeister ◽  
J. Prof. Fleischer
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Powder Technology ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Statistische Methoden ◽  
Main Effects

Im Bereich der Pulvertechnologie stellt das Streckziehen keramischer Grünfolien eine wirtschaftliche Möglichkeit dar, dreidimensionale Halbzeuge herzustellen. Im Rahmen des AiF-Projekts „Inka“ werden die Einflüsse der Prozess- und Geometrieparameter auf die Streckziehfähigkeit von keramischen Grünfolien aus dem Werkstoff ZrO2 experimentell untersucht. Dabei kommen statistische Methoden zur Ermittlung der Haupt- und Wechselwirkungseffekte zum Einsatz. &nbsp; In the field of powder technology stretch drawing is an economic way to produce three-dimensional semi-finished products. In the context of the AIF Project “Inka“ the influences of process and geometry parameters are experimental examined on stretch drawing capacity of ceramic green tapes of material ZrO2. Statistical methods are used to find out main effects and interaction effects.

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