INFLUENCE OF DIETARY CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS LEVELS ON CERTAIN MECHANICAL, PHYSICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BONES IN GILTS AND SECOND LITTER SOWS
A 24 factorial design of treatments involving two breeds (Lacombe (L) and Yorkshire (Y)) and two dietary calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) levels (100% or 150% of 1979 National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council recommended Ca-P levels) during finishing, gestation and lactation periods, was used to study the changes in certain mechanical, physical, chemical and histological characteristics of bones in gilts and second litter sows. Femur, 3rd metacarpal and 6th rib bones were collected from the right half of the 32 (16L + 16Y) gilts slaughtered at 159 ± 1 d of age and 46 (22L + 24Y) second litter sows slaughtered at the end of second gestation-lactation cycle. The mechanical properties, breaking force, bending moment, breaking stress and elastic modulus of femur and 3rd metacarpal bones, determined by flexture tests using an Instron Universal Testing Machine, were not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by the dietary Ca-P levels in gilts or sows. Feeding 150% of NRC Ca-P levels during the finishing period increased (P < 0.05) the bone shaft diameter (23.2 ± 0.2 vs.22.3 ± 0.2 mm) in femurs and percent bone ash (60.5 ± 0.4 vs. 59.0 ± 0.4) and percent bone Ca (19.0 ± 0.5 vs. 17.0 ± 0.5) in 3rd metacarpals of gilts. The femurs and 3rd metacarpals of L gilts and sows had generally larger shaft diameters but lower bone strength, elastic modulus and bone cortex thickness than in Y pigs. The histological examination revealed no abnormalities in trabecular and cartilage structures of 6th ribs between sows fed different Ca-P levels. The results suggested that feeding 150% of NAS-NRC Ca-P levels during finishing, gestation and lactation periods produced some positive changes in bone characteristics of gilts and second litter sows with no identifiable changes in their ability to function. Certain bone characteristics were different between the two breeds and their response to dietary Ca-P levels varied between femur and 3rd metacarpals of gilts and sows. Key words: Calcium, phosphorus, bone characteristics, gilts, sows