scholarly journals SIRE-SON CORRELATIONS OF GENETIC EVALUATIONS FOR FAT PERCENTAGE IN HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. ALI ◽  
L. R. SCHAEFFER

The correlation between sire and son genetic evaluations for fat percentage has been shown to be lower than corresponding correlations for milk or fat yield for the population of bulls in artificial insemination. The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of this low correlation. Based on 302 935 first-lactation daughters of 11 396 sires, the heritabilities of milk, fat and fat percentage were 0.28, 0.27 and 0.52, respectively. Indirect versus direct calculation of sire evluations for fat percentage were correlated at 0.997, and resulting sire-son correlations were 0.45 for directly calculated proofs and 0.43 for indirectly calculated proofs. The low sire-son correlations were due to the intense selection of sires of sons, especially for fat percentage, which resulted in a change in genetic parameters among the bulls used as sires of sons compared to the parameters in the overall population. Key words: Fat percentage, pedigree indexing, dairy sires

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duy N. Do ◽  
Allison Fleming ◽  
Flavio S. Schenkel ◽  
Filippo Miglior ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
...  

This study aimed to estimate heritability for milk cholesterol (CHL) and genetic correlations between milk CHL and other production traits (test-day milk, fat, and protein yields, fat and protein percentages, and somatic cell score). Milk CHL content was determined by gas chromatography and expressed as mg of CHL in 100 g of fat (CHL_fat) or in 100 mg of milk (CHL_milk). Univariate models were used to estimate variances and heritability, whereas bivariate models were used to compute correlations using data from 1793 cows. The average concentrations (standard deviation) of CHL_fat and CHL_milk were 275.63 (75) mg and 11.16 (3.63) mg, respectively. Milk CHL content was significantly affected by days in milk and herd (P < 0.05), but not by parity, regardless of the scale of expression. Heritability estimates for CHL_fat and CHL_milk were 0.06 ± 0.04 and 0.17 ± 0.06, respectively. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between CHL_fat and CHL_milk were 0.82 and 0.44 ± 0.24, respectively. CHL_fat had nonsignificant genetic correlations with all production traits, whereas CHL_milk had significant (P < 0.05) genetic correlations with milk yield (−0.47), fat yield (0.51), protein percentage (0.56), and fat percentage (0.88). This is the first study to estimate genetic parameters for milk CHL content. Further studies are required to assess the possibility of genetically selecting cows with lower milk CHL content.


1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
J. D. ERFLE

Large day-to-day variations in milk fat, particularly for the morning milkings, were observed in 36 Holstein cows. Changes in percent fat were gradual and produced wavelike patterns in a number of instances. Supplemental feeding of long hay had no effect on acetate/propionate ratio in rumen fluid, daily milk yield or weighted milk fat percentage. Key words: Dairy cows, milk, fat depression, hay


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Bir Bahadur Tamang ◽  
Manoj Kumar Shah ◽  
Bishnu Dhakal ◽  
Pashupati Chaudhary ◽  
Netra Chhetri

Fodder is an important source of feed of the ruminants in Nepal. In the mid hills of Nepal, farmers generally practice integrated farming system that combines crop cultivation with livestock husbandry and agroforestry. Tree fodders are good sources of protein during the forage and green grass scarcity periods especially in dry season. Local communities possess indigenous knowledge for the selection of grasses and tree fodders at different seasons in mid hills of western Nepal. A study was conducted on the perception of farmers with respect to selection of fodder species in eight clusters in Kaski and Lumjung districts that range 900-2000 meter above sea level and receive average precipitation of 2000- 4500mm per annum. During the fodder preference ranking, farmers prepared the inventory of fodders found around the villages and nearby forests and selected top ten most important fodders in terms of their availability, palatability, fodder yield, milk yield and milk fat yield. In total, 23 top ranking fodders species were selected from the eight clusters. These fodder species were also ranked using pairwise ranking and weighted scoring methods and ranking was done on the basis of merit numbers obtained from weighted scores. The analysis revealed Artocarpus lakoocha as best tree fodder followed by Ficus semicordata, Thysanolena maxima and Ficus calvata. Similarly, the calendar of fodders trees for lopping season and the best feeding time was prepared on the basis of farmers’ local knowledge. This study suggests strategies for promotion of locally preferred tree fodder species and supplementing tree fodder with feed in different seasons depending on their availability and local preferences.


2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 158-158
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Jahandar ◽  
Mohhamad Moradi Shahre Babak ◽  
Mahdi Elahi Torshizi

In order to evaluate genetic improvement in a selected population, variation resulted from environment and genetics should be dissociated. Because of the positive genetic correlation between milk fat yield and milk and protein yield, selection for milk production has often resulted in an increase in fat and protein yields however response for fat percentage is negative. However positive genetic trends between 0.73 to 0.95 kg per annum for milk fat yield in Holstein cattle have been reported in some studies that milk fat yield had less importance in selection index, also negative values are reported. Based on previous research, genetic improvement of milk fat yield up to 1 percent due to selection is possible and from a theoretical view, an improvement of about 2 percent is reported. With attention to selection in the herd and using progeny tested semen from foreign countries that have suitable genetic potential, this study was accomplished in order to estimate genetic parameters for milk fat and investigate genetic and environmental trends during 1990 to 2001.


1960 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O'Donovan ◽  
F. H. Dodd ◽  
F. K. Neave

SummaryData available for fifty cows mainly infected with Staphylococcus pyogenes have been analysed to determine the effects of udder infections and mastitis on milk, fat and solids-not-fat yield and on fat and solids-not-fat percentages over full lactations.It was found that lactation yields of milk, solids-not-fat and fat were depressed by 10, 11 and 12% respectively in the presence of infection. These depressions were significant (P < 0·05). The composition of the milk averaged over whole lactations was not significantly affected (P > 0·05), although the mean solids-not-fat percentage of the milk was significantly depressed by 0·196±0·092 during the period of infection.It is suggested that the depressions in lactation yield and changes in milk composition would have been greater in the absence of antibiotic therapy for mastitis.


1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-303
Author(s):  
P. G. SULLIVAN ◽  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
B. J. VAN DOORMAAL

Canadian red and white (RW) and black and white (BW) Holsteins were compared for several production traits based on genetic evaluations of 32 RW and 883 BW bulls, and performance data of 4161 RW and 8691 BW cows. Differences (P < 0.05), favoring BW, were observed for milk and milk fat yield of cows, and for milk fat and milk protein yield evaluations of bulls. There was, however, a large genetic overlap between the populations for all traits studied. Pleiotropic effects associated with the color gene were not detected as being important. Phenotypic trends for milk yield, milk fat yield, and milk fat percent were significantly greater for BW than RW cows (P < 0.01). Genetic trends were greater for RW cows, though not significantly (P > 0.05). Key words: Dairy production, genetic trends, Holstein (red and white), Holstein (black and white)


2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Gabrieli S Romano ◽  
Luis Fernando B Pinto ◽  
Altair A Valloto ◽  
José-Augusto Horst ◽  
Victor B Pedrosa

Background: Somatic cell score is an important parameter to predict milk quality and health of cows. However, in countries like Brazil, this trait is still not selected on a large scale, and no genetic parameters are reported in the literature. Objective: To estimate the variance components and genetic parameters for somatic cell score, milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, fat percentage, and protein percentage in Holstein cows. Methods: Records from 56,718 animals were used to estimate variance components, heritability, and genetic correlations using a multi-trait animal model by the REML method. Results: The heritability estimates were 0.19 for somatic cell score, 0.22 for milk yield, 0.26 for fat yield, 0.18 for protein yield, 0.61 for fat percentage, and 0.65 for protein percentage. The estimates of genetic correlations among analyzed traits ranged from -0.50 to 0.82. Conclusion: The low heritability observed for somatic cell score indicates that selection for this trait should result in benefits related to animal health and milk quality, but only in the long term. The low correlation between productive traits and somatic cell score indicates that inclusion of somatic cell score in animal breeding programs does not interfere negatively with the genetic selection for milk yield or solids.Keywords: Holstein; genetic correlation; genetic parameters; heritability; mastitis; milk quality; milk yield; multi-trait model; somatic cell score; variance components.  Resumen Antecedentes: El conteo de células somáticas es un parámetro importante para predecir la calidad de la leche y la salud de las vacas. Sin embargo, en países como Brasil, esta característica aún no se selecciona a gran escala y no se reportan parámetros genéticos en la literatura. Objetivo: Estimar los componentes de varianza y parámetros genéticos para el conteo de células somáticas, producción de leche, producción de grasa, producción de proteína, porcentaje de grasa y porcentaje de proteína en vacas de la raza Holstein. Métodos: Se usaron registros de 56.718 animales para estimar los componentes de la varianza, heredabilidad y correlaciones genéticas usando un modelo animal multicaracterístico por medio del método REML. Resultados: Las estimaciones de heredabilidad fueron 0,19 para el conteo de células somáticas, 0,22 para la producción de leche, 0,26 para la producción de grasa, 0,18 para producción de proteína, 0,61 para el porcentaje de grasa y 0,65 para el porcentaje de proteína. Las estimaciones de correlación genética entre las características analizadas variaron entre -0,50 a 0,82. Conclusión: La baja heredabilidad encontrada para conteo de células somáticas demostró que la selección para esta característica podría resultar en beneficios para la salud animal y calidad de la leche, pero sólo a largo plazo. La baja correlación genética existente entre las características productivas y el conteo de células somáticas indica que la inclusión del conteo de células somáticas en programas de selección no interfiere negativamente en la selección genética para la producción de leche o sólidos.Palabras clave: calidad de leche; correlación genética; conteo de células somáticas; componentes de varianza; heredabilidad; Holstein; mastitis; modelo multicaracteristico; parametros geneticos; producción de leche; selección genetica. Resumo Antecedentes: O escore de células somáticas é um parâmetro importante para a predição da qualidade do leite, bem como para a saúde das vacas. No entanto, em alguns países como o Brasil, essa característica não é selecionada em larga escala e não há parâmetros genéticos disponíveis na literatura. Objetivo: Estimar os componentes de variância e parâmetros genéticos para o escore de células somáticas, produção de leite, produção de gordura, produção de proteína, porcentagem de gordura e porcentagem de proteína em vacas da raça Holandesa. Métodos: Foi utilizado um total de 56.718 animais para estimar os componentes de variância, herdabilidade e correlações genéticas, considerando-se o modelo animal multicaracterística por meio do método REML. Resultados: As estimativas de herdabilidade foram de 0,19 para o escore de células somáticas, 0,22 para a produção de leite, 0,26 para a produção de gordura, 0,18 para produção de proteína, 0,61 para a porcentagem de gordura e 0,65 para a porcentagem de proteína. As estimativas de correlação genética entre as características analisadas variaram entre -0,50 a 0,82. Conclusão: A baixa herdabilidade encontrada para o escore de células somáticas demonstrou que a seleção para esta característica poderá resultar em benefícios para a saúde animal e qualidade do leite, porém, somente a longo prazo. A baixa correlação genética existente entre as características produtivas e o escore de células somáticas demonstrou que a inclusão do escore de células somáticas em programas de seleção não causa interferência negativa na seleção genética para a produção de leite ou sólidos.Palavras-chave: componentes de variância; correlação genéticas; escore de células somáticas; herdabilidade; mastite; modelo multicaracterística; parâmetros genéticos; produção de leite; qualidade do leite; raça Holandesa; seleção genética.


1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-705
Author(s):  
T. R. Batra ◽  
P. A. Macdonald ◽  
M. J. Stear

Ninety progeny tested Canadian Ayrshire bulls were serologically typed for the BoLA-A locus to determine the association of these alleles with production traits. After exclusion of bulls carrying alleles that occurred at frequencies lower than 2% or whose production proofs were not available, records from 78 bulls remained for analysis. A gene substitution model, which included the effects of BoLA alleles and the breeding value of the sire of the bull as covariate, was used to evaluate the additive effects of BoLA alleles of bulls (ETAs) on the production traits of their daughters. Allele W17 was significantly associated with ETA for milk, fat and protein yields. Allele CA96 was associated with significant increases in ETA for fat yield. There was no significant association of BoLA alleles with either ETA for fat or protein percentage. Key words: BoLA, production traits, Ayrshire


1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.R. SCHAEFFER

Bulls entering artificial insemination in Canada from 1957 to 1980 were indexed, using various combinations of ancestors, for milk, fat percentage, and 10 conformation traits. Correlations between the indexes and actual progeny test proofs were used to compare indexes with different combinations of ancestors. When sire, dam, and both maternal grandparents were used in the index, the correlations were 0.52 for milk yield, 0.64 for fat percentage, and 0.41 for final class. When only the sire was included, the corresponding correlations were 0.57, 0.48, and 0.39. The regression coefficients for predicting a bull’s proof from only the sire’s proof and dam’s estimated transmitting ability were 0.457 and 0.308, respectively, for milk yields, and 0.526 and 0.478 for fat percentage. For the type classification traits, the dam’s and maternal granddam’s actual classifications, coded 1 to 6 for poor through excellent, were used rather than an estimated transmitting ability. The regression coefficients for predicting a bull’s type proof from only the sire’s proof and dam’s classification were 0.064 and 0.507, respectively, for feet and legs, 0.147 and 1.310 for final class, 0.213 and 0.969 for rump, and 0.131 and 0.957 for mammary system. Trends in indexes of young bull entries have increased over time for production and type.


1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-388
Author(s):  
P. L. McEWEN ◽  
A. WINKELMAN

Performance data on 110 602 first lactation Holstein cows were utilized to compare the expressions of sire proof at various herd-year production levels. Production traits analyzed were BCA milk, BCA fat and fat percentage. Herd-year averages were partitioned into six groups for each trait. Regression analysis indicated significant interactions between herd-year level and sire estimated transmitting ability (ETA) for daughter milk and fat BCA (P < 0.001). Interaction between herd group and sire proof for fat percentage was found to be insignificant. Linear contrasts were used to compare sire proof slope differences for various herd-year group comparisons. Regression coefficients for sire proof tended to increase as herd-year level increased for both milk and fat yield. The coefficient for sire fat percentage was smaller for the lowest herd-year level when compared to other herd levels. Sire proofs for milk and fat were than categorized into six and seven groups respectively. Sire group and herd-year by sire group interaction were found to account for a significant (P < 0.01) amount of variation in daughter milk and fat yield. Linear contrasts were also used to compare specific sire group differences at various herd production levels. Significant herd-year differences were observed for both daughter milk and fat yield. However specific trends were not prevalent for sire group differences as herd-year groups increased for both traits. Key words: Dairy, sire, daughter


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