Formation of bull-producing groups of cows in Ayrshire breed using genomically evaluated candidates

Purpose: Assessment of the quality of the well-producing groups, the productivity of candidates for the first lactation, the possibility of using genomically estimated cows to increase the parameters of mothers of future bulls, to analyze the quality of the offspring of bulls of various origins.Materials and methods. Research was performed on the basis of breeding plants Karelia Megrega (1455 cows) and Ilinskoe (1200 cows). Analyzed the productivity of bob-producing groups isolated on trivials. 66 Genomically estimated flaws were delivered from Finland after calving for milk productivity for the first lactation with local peers. In assessing the quality of the offspring of producers of different origin, the productivity of 1441 of the daughter of imported bulls and 620 daughters of domestic bulls took place. The degree of differences was assessed by the results of biometric processing of indicators.Results. At the Ilyinskoye dairy farm, the milk yield for lactation of cows of the bull-producing group is 11977 kg of milk with a fat content of 4.33%, protein content of 3.22%. There are 11119 kg of milk at the Megrega farm, 4.42% and 3.23%, respectively. A significant number of individuals (14.7-19.8%) with a milk yield above 9,000 kg of milk, which are a source of replenishment of bull-producing groups, were identified at breeding farms among the first heifers. The possibility of forming and improving the quality of bull-producing groups of cows at the expense of their own livestock is noted, provided that the factors of feeding and keeping animals, increasing the fat content and protein content of milk are optimized.Comparison of productivity indicators of imported "genomic" cows with local peers gave mixed results. At the Ilyinskoye farm, "genomic" cows significantly outperformed subjects of conventional breeding in all indicators: milk yield by 796-903 kg of milk, fat content by 0.27%, protein content by 0.09-0.06%, fat production by 59.4-63.8 kg, protein production by 33.9-34.8 kg, live weight by more thanAt the Megrega farm, in terms of fat content and production, "genomic" individuals also significantly outperformed local peers, and in milk yield and protein content, the differences were unreliable. Genomic evaluation of animals and the involvement of "genomic" cows can contribute to the formation of better groups of mothers of future bulls, especially to solve the most urgent problem of increasing fat and protein milk.Conclusion. In the conditions of large dairy breeding complexes with the technology of loose maintenance, it is advisable to use a system for placing groups of bull mothers in comfortable conditions in special rooms, including individual service.

The influence of different genotypes of kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin on the productivity of cows of Ayrshire, Holstein and Yaroslavl breeds

Under the conditions of intensification of dairy cattle breeding, genetic markers of protein-milk content, namely allelic variants of kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin, are increasingly used. They are established by the method of DNA testing on blood samples of breeding animals. This method is also being introduced in our country, which is especially important when selecting breeding sires for the artificial insemination network. The purpose of the research was to study the quality indicators of milk of cows bred in the region of breeds (Ayrshire, Holstein, Yaroslavl), and the protein-milk product produced from it as cottage cheese, depending on the influence of the genotype. The research has been carried out in CJSC “Agrofirma “Pakhma” in the Yaroslavl region. The object of research was cows of Ayrshire, Holstein and Yaroslavl breeds. The sample included 99 cows, including 36 animals of Ayrshire breed, 33 Holstein and 30 Yaroslavl breed. A comparative comprehensive evaluation of the dairy productivity of cows of Ayrshire, Holstein and Yaroslavl breeds under the conditions in one herd using DNA testing has been carried out, for the entire productive period of economic use, the realization of the genetic potential has been traced. For the first time in the Yaroslavl region DNA testing of Ayrshire cows was carried out and new data on the polymorphism of the CSN3 and LGB genes in Holstein and Yaroslavl cows were obtained. The association of CSN3, LGB genotypes and complex genotypes with milk productivity and technological properties of milk has been investigated. The yield and quality of cottage cheese from the milk of cows of different breeds in association with CSN3 genotypes have been studied. As a result of studying the quality indicators of milk of cows of different breeds and the protein-milk product produced from it as cottage cheese, depending on the influence of the genotype. It has been found that cows of different breeds and different genotypes had significant differences in the quality of milk and cottage cheese produced from it, which must be taken into account when conducting breeding work with these breeds.

Probability of manifestation of fertility haplotype AH1 in tested ayrshire bulls

The aim of the research is to study the probability of manifestation of the haplotype of fertility AH1 in Ayrshire sires with different variants of the presence of AH1C in male ancestors in the first four rows of their pedigree.Materials and methods. The material of the study was the data of the electronic database created at RRIFAGB on the presence of the haplotype AH1 in 74 sire of the Ayrshire breed of Russia, of which 22 are carriers of the genetic defect - AH1C, and the rest are free - AH1F. To find patterns in the manifestation of the haplotype in the tested bulls, we analyzed different variants of the presence of AH1C in male ancestors in four rows of the paternal and maternal sides of their pedigree with the calculation of the probability of its manifestation. The study used data from the electronic databases “Card file of Ayrshire bulls” and “Card file of mothers of Ayrshire bulls” prepared for selection and genetic analysis using the computer program “SGS-VNIIGRZH“ and data from the Canadian website www.cdn.ca. The strength of the influence of the factors "distance of the nearest carrier ancestor" and "number of carrier ancestors" in all ranks of the proband's pedigrees on the manifestation of the haplotype AH1 in bulls of the Ayrshire breed was calculated using ANOVA in Data Analysis of Microsoft Office Excel.Results. Among the tested livestock, 42.3% of bulls AH1F did not have male ancestors of AH1C in the pedigree, while AH1C bulls had 27.3% of them. It was found that with the nearest ancestor AH1C in the 4th row of the pedigree, the haplotype was manifested in only 8.3% of the tested sires, in the 3rd and 2nd rows - in 16.7%, and in the 1st - in 75.0%. The strength of the factor “distance of the nearest carrier ancestor” is 22.0%, while the factor “number of carrier ancestors” in all ranks of the proband's pedigrees is 21.0%. Ancestors of AH1С in the first two rows of the pedigree is a reliable indicator for identifying the fertility haplotype in a proband. The highest probability of manifestation of the AH1 in a proband is observed in the presence of carrier ancestors on both sides of the pedigree, including the father.Conclusion. To reduce the likelihood of manifestation of AH1 in a proband, it is necessary to prevent the presence of bulls carrying the fertility haplotype closer to the fourth row in his pedigree, and also to avoid in all ranks of the pedigree more than three AH1C males.

Features of the formation of the bacterial community of the rumen and the biochemical status of the cows depending on the protein source

The results of scientific and economic experiment on the use of protein concentrate “AgroMatic” in feeding highly productive cows of Ayrshire breed during lactation have been provided in the article. The use of protein concentrate “Agro-Matic” in the rations of dairy cattle in the amount of 1,0 and 1,5 kg/head/day has been leaded to an increase in the content of cellulolytic microflora at the end of lactation compared with the control group. At the same time, the level of microorganisms that stimulate and promote immunity (bacilli, bifid bacterium) and suppress the development of pathogenic bacteria has been observed in high amounts throughout lactation in the experimental groups whose ration was put with protein concentrate. In the rumen content of cows have been receiving 1,5 kg/head/day of protein concentrate “Agro-Matic”, the increased content of bifid bacterium by 0,03 abs.% and bacilli by 0,91 abs.% has been noted. The inclusion of the maximum level of protein concentrate was characterized by the decrease in the number of pathogenic microorganisms like pathogens of mastitis and other diseases (lactobacilli, actinomycetes and enterobacteria). The total number of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen content at the end of lactation when using 1,0 kg/head/day of protein concentrate in animals increased compared to animals that consumed the basic ration. The inclusion of protein concentrate throughout lactation contributed to the increase in the blood content of total protein and nitrogen of free amino acids. Thus, the use of protein concentrate during the feeding period increased the intensity of protein metabolism in animals. The inclusion of 1,5 kg of protein concentrate in the ration contributed to the increase in total protein in the blood by 4,6 g/l, at the level of 1,0 kg by 9,1 g/l (P > 0,95). The index of insemination when using protein concentrate in lactating cows has been decreased by 21,7 % and the duration of the period of open days by 28,2 days.

LEVEL OF FEEDING AND THE DYNAMICS OF MILK YIELDS OF AYRSHIRE BREED OF COWS AFTER FIRST CALVING

Evaluation of the nutritional value of feed mixtures for lactation periods of the Ayrshire first-calf breed showed that in the first period there is an excess of dry matter and easily digestible protein in the diet, and a lack of sugar in all periods. The consumption of energy and nutrients for the synthesis of 1 kg of milk was optimal. For 305 days of lactation, an average of 7653 kg of milk per cow was obtained after the first calving, and the maximum daily milk yield was recorded in the second month of lactation. The research of lactation curves showed that highly productive cows have a more pronounced peak of milk yield in the first lactation months; the level of milk productivity remains high up to 9-10 months of the lactation period.

THE INFLUENCE OF CSN 2 AND CSN 3 GENOTYPES ON THE MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF AYRSHIRE COWS

Настоящее исследование завершает цикл работ, связанных с генотипированием российских субпопуляций крупного рогатого скота по локусам CSN2 и CSN3. Проведено генотипирование коров и телок айрширской породы из трех хозяйств Краснодарского края (n=1107). Установлена частота встречаемости носителей CSN2- и CSN3-генотипов, оценена степень их влияния на молочную продуктивность. В различных группах животных частота встречаемости «предпочтительных» в хозяйственном отношении CSN2-генотипа А2А2 составляет от 0,23 до 0,37 и CSN3-генотипа ВВ — от 0,03 до 0,06. Генотипы А2А2 и ВВ не оказывают негативного влияния на молочную продуктивность их носителей. Целесообразно для отечественных племенных предприятий, реализующих спермопродукцию айрширских быков, увеличить долю производителей с генотипами А2А2 (локус CSN2), АВ и ВВ (локус CSN3 This study completes a series of studies related to the genotyping of Russian bovine subpopulations at the CSN2 and CSN3 loci. Genotyping of cows and heifers Ayrshire breed from three farms in the Krasnodar region (n=1107) and the incidence of carriers CSN2 and CSN3 genotypes, assess their degree of influence on milk production in animals Ayrshire breed .It was found that in different groups of animals, the frequency of occurrence of the "preferred" in economic terms CSN2 genotype A2A2 ranges from 0.23 to 0.37 and CSN3 genotype BB - from 0.03 to 0.06.Genotypes A2A2 and BB (loci CSN2 and CSN3) do not have a negative impact on the milk productivity of their carriers. We consider it expedient for domestic breeding enterprises that sell sperm products of Ayrshire bulls to increase the share of producers with genotypes A2A2 (CSN2 locus), AB and BB (CSN3 locus).

BREEDING INDEX MODELING FOR AIRSHIRE DAIRY CATTLE WITH APPLICATION OF EXTERIOR PARAMETRES

The article presents results of selection efficiency of potential parents in Ayrshire breed using IAYR multiple-factor selection index, which includes productivity traits such as milk yield, fat and protein yield and integrated exterior parametres: UDC udder index and FLC leg index. As an original data array, a sample was generated with parameters for milk productivity and exterior characteristics of 574 Ayrshire first-calf heifers, which are daughters of 21 bulls from the leading breeding farm of Leningrad region. Calculation of phenotypic and genetic correlations was carried out in the course of the study, which revealed the greatest paratypical relationship between milk yield and fat yield rp = 0.912 at p <0.001, and the highest genetic relationship was noted between milk yield and protein yield rg = 0.960 at p <0.001. A high value of heritability coefficient for milk yield was established, which amounted to h2 = 0.506, which is connected with usage of imported servicing bulls with high genetic potential for herd reproduction. To determine the values of index weight coefficients, the variance and covariance components of variability of the studied parametres were calculated. Economic components of the parametres included in the developed equation are formed. As a result of selection modeling with an intensity of 10% according to the constructed equation of the productive-exterior index IAYR, a significant and reliable advantage in milk production by 1899 kg of milk was established in comparison with other animals, in terms of fat yield - by 64.7 kg and protein yield - by 51.7 kg.

Application of protein concentrate from white lupine and meat and bone meal in feeding of lactating cows

The main sources of protein in the rations of lactating cows in the farms of our country are waste products of the oil extraction industry. Using them in the rations of highly productive cows in high amount is fraught with loss of productivity and deterioration of animal health due to the high level of digestible protein. With an increase in milk production the role of by-pass protein in feeding cows increases. By-pass protein in the market of feed products of our country is mainly represented by processed beans and fi shmeal. They are an excellent source of protein, which is slowly digest in the rumen, but due to its high cost, deterioration of quality, seasonality of supply the search for alternative sources of protein is relevant. The article contains practical material on the use of protein concentrate in the rations of lactating cows of Ayrshire breed. It has been noted during the studies that the inclusion of protein concentrate in the ration in the amount of 1,0 and 1,5 kg/head/day instead of other protein feeds increased the level of bypass protein. The introduction of the maximum amount of protein concentrate into the ration contributed to a change in the nitrogen balance in cows during the increasing the milk yield period. Thus, the inclusion of protein concentrate in the ration of the nitrogen balance in the experimental groups was positive, and in the control it was negative. According to the degree of use of nitrogen in the ration, the best values have been observed in cows of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, which had protein concentrate “Agro-Matic” in the ration, where the nitrogen retention was 189,6 and 201,2 g, respectively. The use of protein concentrate did not have a negative eff ect on the biochemical parameters of the blood. The level of total protein in the blood serum when feeding protein concentrate in the amount of 1,0–1,5 kg increased by 11,7 (P > 0,95) and 5,9 %. The level of urea decreased both when using 1,0 kg of protein concentrate (P > 0,95) and 1,5 kg, which was lower than the level in animals from the control group.

Efficiency of protein concentrate application in the rations of highly productive cows

The association between science and production is gradually developing due to the arrival of new information and discoveries about the composition of feed and the transformation of nutrients in the body of cows. One of the most important links in the formation of animal productivity during lactation is the use of new feed products and feed additives in feeding. The results of scientific and economic experiment on the use of protein concentrate “Agro-Matic” in feeding of highly productive lactating cows of Ayrshire breed are contained the article. The inclusion of protein concentrate “AgroMatic” in the daily rations of lactating cows in the amount of 1,0 and 1,5 kg/head/day increases the level of indigestible protein by 6,1 and 8,9 %, respectively. The use of protein concentrate in the amount of 1,5 kg in cows feeding helps to increase the digestibility of nutrients in rations the quality of milk and the productivity of cows. When feeding protein concentrate in the amount of 1,5 kg the milk productivity of cows during the period of increasing the milk yield was 4297,5 kg of milk, the yield of essential and dispensable amino acids with milk was significantly higher. The yield of milk protein in cows that received protein concentrate in the ration in the amount of 1,0 kg was 137,7 kg, and when using 1,5 kg – 141,4 kg, which was signifi cantly higher than in the control group by 10,2 and 13,6 kg, respectively. The use of protein concentrate “Agro-Matic” in the ration had a benefi cial eff ect on the digestibility of protein. The digestibility of raw protein of the feed mixture with the inclusion of 1,5 kg of protein concentrate was 71,1 % compared to 68,0 % in the basic ration, which are used at the Maysky complex in the “Plemzavod Maysky”

PSXII-34 The evaluation of the influence of FMO3 gene polymorphism on the milk productivity of Ayrshire breed cows

Russian Ayrshire population of cattle is the second largest in number the world population of animals of this breed. Trimethylaminuria (TMA) is the monogenic disease manifesting in the ‘‘fish off-flavor” of the milk from the sick cows and caused by R238X mutation in the flavin-containing monooxidase 3 gene (FMO3). The aim of our investigation was the analysis of the FMO3 gene polymorphism of Ayrshire cattle breed and its relationship with the milk productivity of the first lactation. The analysis of FMO3 gene polymorphism has been carried out on 352 animals of 5 herds, and associations with the milk productivity due 305 days have been evaluated on 20 healthy cows (RR) and 6 ones-carriers of the mutation (RX). DNA has been extracted by means of the kit “DNA-Extran” (“Syntol”, Russia). The identification of the FMO3 genotypes has been conducted by PCR-RFLP in according to the previously developed method with using TaqI restriction endonuclease. The frequency of animals-carriers of X allele associated with the defect of “fish off-flavor” of milk was in the range 10.21–12.82%. The frequencies of RR, RX and XX genotypes were 76.9, 20.5 and 2.6 %, respectively. The study of relationship between the genotypes on FMO3 gene and productivity traits has shown that the homozygous RR-individuals in comparing to RX-ones had significantly higher levels of the milk yield (+918.6 kg, P ≥ 0.05) and content of the milk protein (+28.8, P ≥ 0.05). Adaptive abilities of RR-cows of Russian selection allowed them to surpass animals of Finnish origin with a similar genotype in milk yield 5,655.6 ± 254.2 against 5,105.0 ± 238.6 kg. The investigations has shown the significant superiority the animals-non carriers of the “fish off-flavor” defect in the milk yield and content of the milk protein. This research was supported by the Ministry of science and higher education АААА-А18-118021590138-1.