scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of ensilage made from intercropped corn and sunflowers

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Fisher ◽  
S. Bittman ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
P. Mir ◽  
J. A. Shelford
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rumen Ph

The feeding value of sunflower–corn silage relative to that of corn silage as the only forage fed lactating cows was established using 12 lactating Holstein cows in an experiment with a 2 × 2 Latin square design. Treatment periods were 5 wk and there was no changeover period between treatments. A constant grain intake to milk yield ratio of 1:4 was maintained. The comparison was based on dry matter (DM) intake, milk yield and composition, body-weight change, rumen pH and molar proportions of volatile fatty acids and plasma metabolites. The sunflower–corn silage was lower in DM content (25.4 vs. 29.2%), but higher in protein (11.5 vs. 8.0%), acid detergent fiber (33.2 vs. 29.2%), fat (8.1 vs. 2.1%) and total ash (10.6 vs. 4.9%). Silage DM intake was the same for both silages, but milk yield was significantly greater (P < 0.05) (32.7 vs. 31.2 kg d−1) for cows fed sunflower–corn silage. However, both milk fat (3.19 vs. 3.87%) and milk protein (3.04 vs. 3.26%) were lower (P < 0.05) for cows fed sunflower–corn silage, resulting in a higher (P < 0.05) fat-corrected milk yield (30.5 vs. 28.4 kg d−1) for the cows fed corn silage. Type of silage fed did not alter rumen pH, but the molar percentage of acetic acid was higher (P < 0.05) and the molar percentages of isovaleric and valeric acids were lower when sunflower–corn silage was fed. The feeding of sunflower–corn silage resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in plasma urea nitrogen (10.60 vs. 7.53 mg 100−1), cholesterol (7.36 vs. 5.63 mmol L−1) and triglyceride (0.20 vs. 0.18 mmol L−1). Plasma levels of methionine (29.9 vs. 18.5 mmol mL−1) and valine (208.0 vs. 191.0 N mol mL−1) were greater for cows fed the sunflower–corn silage. It was concluded from this study that intercropped sunflower–corn harvested and preserved as silage is an acceptable source of forage for lactating cows, but when fed as the only source of forage it may have a negative impact on milk composition. Key words: lactating cows, sunflower–corn silage, milk yield, milk composition

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF COMBINING ALFALFA CUBES WITH CORN SILAGE FED TO LACTATING COWS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-565
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Changeover Period ◽  
Feeding Systems

Sixteen Holstein cows in early lactation were assigned to a switch-back experiment consisting of two experimental periods 35 days in length separated by a 7-day changeover period. Treatments consisted of two feeding systems, alfalfa cubes ensiled with corn silage or alfalfa cubes fed with the corn silage. When cows were fed corn–alfalfa cube silage they consumed more forage, 2.26 vs. 2.16% of body weight per cow per day than when they were fed the alfalfa cubes with the silage. Fat-corrected milk yield was somewhat higher, 25.4 vs. 24.0 kg/day; fat percent and fat yield were greater, 3.13 vs. 2.70% and 918 vs. 814 g/day for corn–alfalfa cube silage as compared to cubes added at feeding time. However, milk yield was greater, 29.9 vs. 29.1 kg/day, and milk lactose percent was greater, 5.26 vs. 5.18% for cows fed cubes at feeding time compared to cows fed corn–alfalfa cube silage. There was no difference between feeding systems in blood minerals or metabolites with the exception of plasma urea nitrogen which was higher, 20.2 vs. 17.2 mg %, for the alfalfa cubes fed with the corn silage. Apparent dry matter and protein digestibility for the total ration were 68.1 and 71.6% when corn alfalfa cube silage was fed compared to 65.4 and 68.5% when the cubes were fed with the corn silage (P < 0.05). It was concluded from this study that alfalfa cubes ensiled with corn silage was an effective method of increasing the dry matter and protein content of corn silage and in improving the digestibility of the total ration.

The effect of ammoniated and roasted barley on rumen pH, milk yield and milk composition of lactating dairy cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
M. H. Fathi ◽  
A. Nikkhah
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Cereal grains can provide the major source of energy in diets in order to meet the nutrient requirements of high producing dairy cows. However the amount of starch that can be included in the diets of dairy cows is limited particularly if starch is rapidly fermented such as barley starch. Reduction of feed intake, rumen pH, milk fat test, microbial growth and other metabolic disorders are expected if ruminally degradable starch is fed in amount that cant be efficiently metabolized by rumen microbs. Various techniques for processing barley grain have been developed to decrease the degradability of dry matter in rumen without reducing its extent of digestion. McNiven (1995) showed roasting of barley is more effective treatment. The objective of this experiment was to study of effects the roasting and ammoniation of barley grain on rumen pH, feces pH, milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows.

Investigation into the substitution of alfalfa with sugar beet pulp on milk yield and composition of Holstein cows

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 185-185
Author(s):  
M. Bojarpour ◽  
A M Godarzi ◽  
N. Dabire
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Chewing Activity

The non-NDF carbohydrates (NFC) are important sources of energy in the ration of high producing cows. The fibre must be proper quality and particle size to insure maximum DMI, optimal chewing activity, normal ruminal fermentation, and milk fat percentage. The NRC (1989) recommends 25 to 28% NDF in the rations of lactating cows; a minimum of 75% of the NDF should come from forages. These recommendations provide no adjustment for the physical effectiveness of the fibre, interactions among fibre sources and non fibre carbohydrates, or animal characteristics that may influence ration design. Few data are available to document the effect of the substitution of by-product NDF for forage NDF; our objective was to determine the effect of the substitution of alfalfa NDF from sugar beet on DMI, milk yield and composition, chewing activity, faecal and rumen pH, and apparent digestibility of DM.

THE INVESTIGATION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE OR BENTONITE AS SUPPLEMENTS IN SILAGES FED TO LACTATING COWS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
V. G. MACKAY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Two experiments with lactating Holsteins were carried out to determine the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or bentonite, added to silage prior to feeding, as a means of increasing dry matter intake. In the first trials the feed, consisting of 10% grain mixture, 45% grass silage and 45% corn silage, was supplemented with 0, 0.6 or 1.2% bentonite in a 3 × 3 latin square utilizing 12 cows and 28-day test periods. Neither level of bentonite improved dry matter intake or milk yield. Milk composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids, plasma calcium and phosphorus were not influenced by additions of bentonite. Apparent dry matter digestibility was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by the addition of bentonite at the 0.6 and 1.2% levels compared to the cows fed the unsupplemented ration. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber was lower (P < 0.05) for cows fed the silage mixture supplemented with 1.2% bentonite than for the controls. In the second trial a silage mixture consisting of approximately 30% grass silage and 70% corn silage was supplemented with either 0.8% NaHCO3, 2.1% bentonite or neither and fed in a 3 × 3 latin square utilizing 15 cows and 28-day treatment periods. Compared to control cows, neither NaHCO3 nor bentonite had any significant (P > 0.05) influence on dry matter intake, milk yield or rumen fermentation. However, the addition of NaHCO3 to the silage improved milk yield and feed conversion (P < 0.05) when compared to cows fed the silage supplemented with bentonite. It was concluded from these trials that bentonite should not be used as a supplement to silage diets fed to lactating cows. The results suggested that NaHCO3 supplementation had little if any beneficial effect when grass silage made up approximately 30% of the total diet. Key words: NaHCO3, bentonite, lactating cows, silage intake, digestibility

Replacing conventional with brown midrib corn silage in a total mixed ration: the impact on early and late lactation dairy cow intake, milk yield and composition, and milk fatty acids profile

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Genero ◽  
C. A. Cangiano ◽  
J. P. Raimondi ◽  
J. M. Roig ◽  
G. A. Gagliostro
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
The Impact

Brown midrib corn silage (BMRS) is used as an alternative to conventional corn silage (CS) to increase milk yield because of its higher neutral detergent fibre digestibility (NDFD) and DM intake (DMI). Forty Holstein dairy cows were used in a completely randomised design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Two groups of 13 cows in early lactation (EL) and 7 in late lactation (LL) were fed with a total mixed ration including brown midrib (BMR) or conventional corn silage (C), for a period of 42 days. The cows were milked twice a day, milk yield and DMI were recorded, and NDFD was estimated. Milk composition was measured twice a week and milk fatty acid profile was quantified on the final week of the experiment. In EL, BMR diet increased DMI, NDFD, milk and protein yield whereas milk fat content and yield were decreased. Concentrations of trans-10 C18:1 and trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 in milk were higher in BMR. In LL cows DMI was similar between BMR and C whereas milk and fat yields tended to be higher in C. Fat-corrected milk yield was greater in the C diet. The effect of the BMRS on DMI and milk yield depended on stage of lactation, justifying its use in early lactation. The lower milk fat concentration, observed when BMRS was included in the diets, could be explained in part by an increased concentration of trans-10 C18:1 and trans-10, cis-12 C18:2.

THE EFFECT OF SODIUM BICARBONATE, SODIUM BICARBONATE PLUS MAGNESIUM OXIDE OR BENTONITE ON THE INTAKE OF CORN SILAGE BY LACTATING COWS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
V. G. MacKAY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rumen Ph

Four trials, each employing 10 cows were designed as 2 × 2 latin squares, with each experimental period consisting of a 1-wk preliminary period and a 4-wk period for data collection. The objective of the experiments was to determine the effectiveness of either sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), NaHCO3 plus magnesium oxide (MgO) or bentonite as buffers when they were mixed with corn silage just prior to feeding. The treatments compared were: Trial I, control vs. NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1); Trial II, control vs. bentonite (300 g·cow−1·day−1); Trial III, control vs. NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1) plus magnesium oxide (MgO, 60 g·cow−1·day−1) and Trial IV, NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1) vs. bentonite (300 g·cow−1·day−1). Silage dry matter intakes (SDMI) were 10.61 vs. 10.93 and milk yields were 26.6 vs. 29.3 kg/day for control vs. NaHCO3 in Trial I; 10.03 vs. 10.39, and 29.5 vs. 30.1 for control vs. bentonite in trial II; 10.62 vs. 10.69, and 23.6 vs. 24.7 for control vs. NaHCO3 + MgO in Trial III and 11.49 vs. 10.79, and 29.4 vs. 29.5 for NaHCO3 vs. bentonite in Trial IV. In the latter trial cows fed silage supplemented with bentonite had significantly lower milk fat and protein percentages and rumen pH compared to those supplemented with NaHCO3. Similarly in Trial II cows fed bentonite had lower rumen pH and milk protein percentage than the control cows. It was concluded the bentonite did not act as a buffer and was not beneficial when added to corn silage just prior to feeding. NaHCO3 improved milk yield in one trial and milk fat percentage but the degree of response did not warrant its routine use as a supplement to corn silage. Key words: NaHCO3, MgO, bentonite, corn silage, lactating cows, buffers

scholarly journals The Novel Solution for Acid Whey Permeate Application in Animal Feeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (339) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jana Lakstina ◽  
Inese Aboltina ◽  
Liga Vanaga ◽  
Inga Ciprovica ◽  
Daina Jonkus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Whey Permeate ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Acid Whey ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractThe experiment was conducted to analyse the effect of fermented acid whey permeate on milk yield and composition in the lactating cows. Propionic acid bacteria and their metabolites have been used in the lactating cows feeding over decades, primarily to improve growth performance, feed conversation and milk production efficiency. Two groups of the lactating cows were arranged in the study: control group (n=50) and experimental group (n=50). Experimental group’s animals received 0.5 L of fermented whey permeate daily. Acid whey permeate was inoculated with the freeze-dried PS-4 (Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii, Chr.Hansen, Denmark) starter and fermented anaerobically for 48 hours at 20±2 oC. Fat, protein, lactose and total solids concentration in acid whey permeate and fermented acid whey permeate was analysed by the standard methods, but propionic acid was detected by HPLC. Milk composition and quality indices were determined at the beginning of the study and each month during 6 months period. At the end of the study the feeding of fermented acid whey permeate was stopped, but milk composition and quality data were monitored additionally after one month. Milk fat, protein, lactose, total solids, urea concentration and somatic cell count were analysed by a near infrared spectroscopy.The variability in milk composition and quality data across trial was greater in the experiment group than in the control. Milk fat and somatic cell count were significantly different (p<0.05) than other studied parameters in the experimental group cows’ milk. Milk yield and lactose concentration were tended to increase during feeding of fermented acid whey permeate in the lactating cows without significant differences between control and experimental groups. Fermented acid whey permeate as feed supplement improves energy metabolism for dairy cows which results in the higher milk yield and fat concentration.

scholarly journals Milk yield and composition from ewes fed diets containing narasin and their lambs’ performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 854-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lairana A Sardinha ◽  
Rodrigo S Marques ◽  
Alexandre A Miszura ◽  
José Paulo R Barroso ◽  
Gabriela B Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Plasma Urea

Abstract The changes promoted by feed additives in ruminal fermentation, especially increasing the availability of propionate, can improve the energy balance of an animal, which is of great importance in the lactation period. This trial aimed to evaluate the inclusion of narasin in the diet of lactating ewes on milk yield, composition, dry matter intake (DMI), and plasma metabolites of the ewes and growth rate of lambs. Thirty-two lactating ewes (59.0 ± 2.42 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets contained 500 g/kg of dry matter (DM) of coast cross (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers) hay and 500 g/kg DM of concentrate, and the treatments were: N0—no narasin inclusion; N13—inclusion of 13 mg of narasin/kg DM. Once a week, from week 2 to 10 of lactation, ewes were separated from their lambs, injected with oxytocin, and milked mechanically to empty the udder. After 3 h, the milk production was recorded, using the same procedure, and sampled to evaluate the composition. The blood samples were taken weekly, 4 h after feeding. The average daily gain (ADG) and starter DMI of the lambs were evaluated weekly from week 2 to 12 of age. The inclusion of narasin did not affect (P = 0.93) DMI of ewes; however, it increased milk production (P &lt; 0.01) and feed efficiency (P = 0.02; FE). Ewes fed N13 had a greater milk fat (P &lt; 0.01), protein (P &lt; 0.01), lactose (P = 0.04), and total solids production (P &lt; 0.01). Narasin inclusion in ewe’s diet increased plasma glucose concentration (P = 0.05) at weeks 8, 9 and 10; however, there was no effect on plasma urea concentration (P = 0.96). The lambs of N0 ewes had a greater starter DMI (P &lt; 0.01) at weeks 7, 8, 9, and 10; however, the ADG and body weight at weaning and after weaning were similar between treatments (P &gt; 0.05). The results showed that the inclusion of 13 mg of narasin/kg DM improved the milk production and FE of the ewes without altering the composition of the milk. The lower initial consumption of concentrate by N13 lambs before weaning was caused by the higher production of milk. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate the possible productive gain with the inclusion of narasin in diets for lactating ewes.

scholarly journals Milk composition of Holstein cows: a retrospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Bondan ◽  
Jéssica Aneris Folchini ◽  
Mirela Noro ◽  
Daniel Lazzari Quadros ◽  
Karine Martini Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Milk Analysis ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactose Concentration ◽  
Milk Characteristics

ABSTRACT: Worldwide, milk analysis is an satisfactory measurement of milk quality on dairy farms. Milk composition is the base for payment systems, so knowledge of its characteristics at different periods is essential for modern dairy producer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of year, season, stage of lactation, and lactation number on variations in milk yield and composition of Holstein cows (n=148,604). Milk yield estimated by multiple regression was 25,50L/cow/day. Winter was the season with the highest milk yield and the highest protein and lactose content. Milk fat was highest in the fall, in cows in late lactation and also in primiparous cows. Lactating cows from 6 to 60 days in lactation and those in 2nd or 3rd lactation showed the highest milk yield. Lactose concentration was positively correlated with milk yield. Somatic cell score was negatively correlated with milk yield and with lactose concentration. Most important variations in milk characteristics occur among seasons, lactation stages and parities. Mammary gland health is yet the greatest challenge to be overcome.

scholarly journals Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Jang-Hoon Jo ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Dong-Qiao Peng ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

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