THE EFFECT OF SODIUM BICARBONATE, SODIUM BICARBONATE PLUS MAGNESIUM OXIDE OR BENTONITE ON THE INTAKE OF CORN SILAGE BY LACTATING COWS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
V. G. MacKAY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rumen Ph

Four trials, each employing 10 cows were designed as 2 × 2 latin squares, with each experimental period consisting of a 1-wk preliminary period and a 4-wk period for data collection. The objective of the experiments was to determine the effectiveness of either sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), NaHCO3 plus magnesium oxide (MgO) or bentonite as buffers when they were mixed with corn silage just prior to feeding. The treatments compared were: Trial I, control vs. NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1); Trial II, control vs. bentonite (300 g·cow−1·day−1); Trial III, control vs. NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1) plus magnesium oxide (MgO, 60 g·cow−1·day−1) and Trial IV, NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1) vs. bentonite (300 g·cow−1·day−1). Silage dry matter intakes (SDMI) were 10.61 vs. 10.93 and milk yields were 26.6 vs. 29.3 kg/day for control vs. NaHCO3 in Trial I; 10.03 vs. 10.39, and 29.5 vs. 30.1 for control vs. bentonite in trial II; 10.62 vs. 10.69, and 23.6 vs. 24.7 for control vs. NaHCO3 + MgO in Trial III and 11.49 vs. 10.79, and 29.4 vs. 29.5 for NaHCO3 vs. bentonite in Trial IV. In the latter trial cows fed silage supplemented with bentonite had significantly lower milk fat and protein percentages and rumen pH compared to those supplemented with NaHCO3. Similarly in Trial II cows fed bentonite had lower rumen pH and milk protein percentage than the control cows. It was concluded the bentonite did not act as a buffer and was not beneficial when added to corn silage just prior to feeding. NaHCO3 improved milk yield in one trial and milk fat percentage but the degree of response did not warrant its routine use as a supplement to corn silage. Key words: NaHCO3, MgO, bentonite, corn silage, lactating cows, buffers

EFFECT OF ABRUPTLY ADDING BUFFERS TO THE RATIONS OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELLIOT BLOCK ◽  
L. D. MULLER
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Feeding 0.23 kg of sodium bicarbonate plus 0.07 kg of magnesium oxide per day to cows with a milk fat depression tended to reduce dry matter intake temporarily. Milk production declined by 1.2 kg/day, milk fat increased by 0.43%, and rumen fluid pH increased as a result of buffer additions. There was also a trend toward higher blood alkaline indices. Key words: Buffers, lactating cows, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, milk fat depression

The influence of mineral granulated complex on milk productivity and quality indicators of cows’ milk

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
S. I. Nikolaev ◽  
D. A. Randelin ◽  
N. M. Kostomakhin ◽  
Yu. M. Batrakova ◽  
K. S. Arstanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Nonfat Milk ◽  
Group A ◽  
Milk Solids

The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of the use of rations for freshly calved cows during the increasing the milk yield period with the use of new mineral granulated complexes produced by Uralchem LLC. The results of research on the replacement of the mineral part of the vitamin and mineral premix in the rations of lactating cows with the mineral granular complex developed according to two recipes have been presented in the article. Research has shown that cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups during the experiment period gave more milk than their herdmates from the control group by 70,8 (P ≥ 0,95) and 106,2 kg (P ≥ 0,95). Due to the higher milk yield of animals that consumed the granulated complex, the yield of milk fat was greater than that of the control analogues by 3,21 (P ≥ 0,95) and 5,17 kg (P ≥ 0,95), protein by 2,70 and 4,30 kg (P ≥ 0,95). The milk yield of cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups for 305 days of lactation was higher than in the control group, respectively, by 205,3 (P ≥ 0,95) and 296,8 kg (P ≥ 0,95). In the milk of cows that consumed the granulated complex, there was a tendency for a higher content of dry matter (0,09 and 0,16 %), lactose (0,01 and 0,06 %), nonfat milk solids (0,09 and 0,07 %), ash (0,05 and 0,05 %) in comparison with analogues from the control group. A similar trend has been established between groups of cows in terms of milk density, acidity and rennet coagulability. The revenue from the sale of milk produced from cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was more than in the control group for the experimental period (120 days) by 2074,6 and 3344,0 rubles and for the 305 days of lactation by 7055,4 and 9950,6 rubles.

Investigation into the substitution of alfalfa with sugar beet pulp on milk yield and composition of Holstein cows

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 185-185
Author(s):  
M. Bojarpour ◽  
A M Godarzi ◽  
N. Dabire
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Chewing Activity

The non-NDF carbohydrates (NFC) are important sources of energy in the ration of high producing cows. The fibre must be proper quality and particle size to insure maximum DMI, optimal chewing activity, normal ruminal fermentation, and milk fat percentage. The NRC (1989) recommends 25 to 28% NDF in the rations of lactating cows; a minimum of 75% of the NDF should come from forages. These recommendations provide no adjustment for the physical effectiveness of the fibre, interactions among fibre sources and non fibre carbohydrates, or animal characteristics that may influence ration design. Few data are available to document the effect of the substitution of by-product NDF for forage NDF; our objective was to determine the effect of the substitution of alfalfa NDF from sugar beet on DMI, milk yield and composition, chewing activity, faecal and rumen pH, and apparent digestibility of DM.

VOLUNTARY INTAKE OF SHREDDED NEWSPRINT BY DAIRY COWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. GRIEVE ◽  
J. H. BURTON ◽  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
R. FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Shredded newsprint is a potential source of bedding for livestock, but because it may contain certain heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls significant voluntary consumption of newsprint by animals would be undesirable. To determine consumption levels, 18 Holstein cows in mid-lactation (average 19 wk) were used in a double latin square design. Squares represented access to shredded newsprint or chopped hay in the feed manger except during feeding time. Within squares, cows were allotted to each of three complete mixed rations over three 6-wk treatment periods. Rations comprised hay crop silage, corn silage, high moisture grain corn and soybean meal with roughage:concentrate ratios of 30:70 (LR), 50:50 (MR) and 70:30 (HR). Mixed rations were fed according to individual cow requirements for energy depending on body weight, milk yield and milk fat percent. Cows were allowed 4 h after each of two feedings per day to consume their allotted mixed ration. Voluntary consumption of newsprint was only 0.3 kg per cow per day or 2% of total dry matter intake while for those offered hay consumption was 2.6 kg∙cow−1∙day−1 or 15% of total dry matter intake. Intakes of mixed rations were unaffected by roughage:concentrate ratio or newsprint versus hay. However, total dry matter consumption (mixed ration plus newsprint or hay) was higher for cows offered hay (17.3 kg∙cow−1∙day−1) than for those offered newsprint (15.1 kg∙cow−1∙day−1). Levels of heavy metals in milk or blood samples of cows with access to newsprint were within normally accepted ranges. PCBs were at undetectable levels in all cases. Bedding cows with newsprint is unlikely to result in significant consumption or contamination of animals or their products. Key words: Lactating cows, newsprint consumption, heavy metals

THE EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CORN SILAGE FOR LACTATING COWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
N. A. FAIREY
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Density ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Density Treatment

A late-maturing corn hybrid, Funk brand G4444, was planted in 2-ha plots at 60 000 plants per hectare (low density) and at 100 000 plants per hectare (high density). At harvest, the dry matter and ear contents were 24.2 and 34%, respectively, for the low-density treatment and 22.8 and 28%, respectively, for the high-density treatment. Two groups of 10 lactating cows were used to compare the nutritive value of the ensiled forages over a 10-wk feeding period. Silage dry matter intake, milk yield and milk fat content were 10.33 kg/day, 27.11 kg/day and 3.52% for the cows fed high-density silage compared to 11.79 kg/day, 31.88 kg/day and 2.91% for those fed the low-density silage. Feeding the low-density silage resulted in a decreased level of acetic acid in the rumen and an increased level of propionic acid. Blood hematocrit and plasma calcium levels were lower for cows fed the silage from the low-density planting. Dry matter digestibility of the complete ration was 72.5 and 71.8% for the high- and low-density plantings, respectively. It was concluded that an increased ear content of approximately 10 percentage units resulted in a corn silage which was consumed more readily, altered rumen fermentation and caused a decrease in milk fat content. Key words: Corn silage, lactating dairy cows, planting density

scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of ensilage made from intercropped corn and sunflowers

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Fisher ◽  
S. Bittman ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
P. Mir ◽  
J. A. Shelford
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rumen Ph

The feeding value of sunflower–corn silage relative to that of corn silage as the only forage fed lactating cows was established using 12 lactating Holstein cows in an experiment with a 2 × 2 Latin square design. Treatment periods were 5 wk and there was no changeover period between treatments. A constant grain intake to milk yield ratio of 1:4 was maintained. The comparison was based on dry matter (DM) intake, milk yield and composition, body-weight change, rumen pH and molar proportions of volatile fatty acids and plasma metabolites. The sunflower–corn silage was lower in DM content (25.4 vs. 29.2%), but higher in protein (11.5 vs. 8.0%), acid detergent fiber (33.2 vs. 29.2%), fat (8.1 vs. 2.1%) and total ash (10.6 vs. 4.9%). Silage DM intake was the same for both silages, but milk yield was significantly greater (P < 0.05) (32.7 vs. 31.2 kg d−1) for cows fed sunflower–corn silage. However, both milk fat (3.19 vs. 3.87%) and milk protein (3.04 vs. 3.26%) were lower (P < 0.05) for cows fed sunflower–corn silage, resulting in a higher (P < 0.05) fat-corrected milk yield (30.5 vs. 28.4 kg d−1) for the cows fed corn silage. Type of silage fed did not alter rumen pH, but the molar percentage of acetic acid was higher (P < 0.05) and the molar percentages of isovaleric and valeric acids were lower when sunflower–corn silage was fed. The feeding of sunflower–corn silage resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in plasma urea nitrogen (10.60 vs. 7.53 mg 100−1), cholesterol (7.36 vs. 5.63 mmol L−1) and triglyceride (0.20 vs. 0.18 mmol L−1). Plasma levels of methionine (29.9 vs. 18.5 mmol mL−1) and valine (208.0 vs. 191.0 N mol mL−1) were greater for cows fed the sunflower–corn silage. It was concluded from this study that intercropped sunflower–corn harvested and preserved as silage is an acceptable source of forage for lactating cows, but when fed as the only source of forage it may have a negative impact on milk composition. Key words: lactating cows, sunflower–corn silage, milk yield, milk composition

EFFECTS OF VARIOUS ROUGHAGE SOURCES IN COMPLETE FEEDS ON MILK PRODUCTION, COMPOSITION AND RUMEN METABOLISM OF DAIRY COWS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. IBRAHIM ◽  
J. R. INGALLS
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

Twenty lactating cows were used over two growing seasons to compare three complete feeds containing corn silage, alfalfa grass silage or ground hay, with long hay as the control. The roughage to concentrate ratio was 6:4 in experiment 1, and 4:6 in experiment 2. There were no significant (P < 0.05) differences m dry matter and total digestible nutrient (TDN) intake among roughage sources except for corn silage in experiment 1. The molar percentage of acetic, butyric, valeric, isobutyric and isovaleric and the molar proportion of acetic to propionic were not affected (P < 0.05) by different sources of roughage. In experiment 1, TDN, dry matter, crude protein and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) digestibility was lower (P < 0.05) for the corn silage diet. However, in experiment 2 there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in TDN, dry matter, crude protein and NFE digestibility among the experimental treatments. Blood glucose and urea concentrations were not affected by roughage sources. The mean daily (experiment 1) milk yields of cows fed long and ground hay mixtures were greater (P < 0.05) than those of cows fed the alfalfa grass silage mixture; however, the mean daily fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield was not affected (P < 0.05) by the source of roughage (experiment 1). The mean daily milk yield and FCM yield were not affected significantly (P < 0.05) by roughage source (experiment 2). The percentage of milk fat, and solids-not-fat, were not influenced (P < 0.05) by roughage source (experiments 1 and 2). Roughage source appeared to have little effect on molar ratios of fatty acids found in the milk fat.

THE EFFECT OF FINE GRINDING OF HAY ON RATION DIGESTIBILITY, RATE OF PASSAGE, AND FAT CONTENT OF MILK

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Rodrigue ◽  
N. N. Aixen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Three series of digestion trials, involving a total of 20 lactating cows, were conducted to compare the digestibility and rate of passage of hay ground to various degrees of fineness, with that of unground hay.Grinding the hay in a ration composed of two parts hay and one part concentrate by weight produced an earlier initial excretion of hay residues in all cows. Excretion of finely ground hay was also more rapid than unground hay throughout the period. The change in excretion time due to grinding was statistically significant.The most marked effect on digestibility was the highly significant decline (P < 0.01) in digestibility of fibre and/or cellulose as a result of grinding hay. This was mainly responsible for the highly significant decrease (P < 0.01) in dry matter digestion. Grinding also significantly lowered (P < 0.05) the digestibility of ether extract in trials of series II and of protein and N.F.E. in trials of series III.A relationship was established between rate of passage of hay and digestibility of the total ration. The finer the hay was ground, the greater was the depression in digestibility of the total ration and the faster the rate of excretion. The large depression in the digestibility of the cell wall constituents was associated with a marked decrease in milk fat percentage.

THE INVESTIGATION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE OR BENTONITE AS SUPPLEMENTS IN SILAGES FED TO LACTATING COWS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
V. G. MACKAY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Two experiments with lactating Holsteins were carried out to determine the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or bentonite, added to silage prior to feeding, as a means of increasing dry matter intake. In the first trials the feed, consisting of 10% grain mixture, 45% grass silage and 45% corn silage, was supplemented with 0, 0.6 or 1.2% bentonite in a 3 × 3 latin square utilizing 12 cows and 28-day test periods. Neither level of bentonite improved dry matter intake or milk yield. Milk composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids, plasma calcium and phosphorus were not influenced by additions of bentonite. Apparent dry matter digestibility was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by the addition of bentonite at the 0.6 and 1.2% levels compared to the cows fed the unsupplemented ration. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber was lower (P < 0.05) for cows fed the silage mixture supplemented with 1.2% bentonite than for the controls. In the second trial a silage mixture consisting of approximately 30% grass silage and 70% corn silage was supplemented with either 0.8% NaHCO3, 2.1% bentonite or neither and fed in a 3 × 3 latin square utilizing 15 cows and 28-day treatment periods. Compared to control cows, neither NaHCO3 nor bentonite had any significant (P > 0.05) influence on dry matter intake, milk yield or rumen fermentation. However, the addition of NaHCO3 to the silage improved milk yield and feed conversion (P < 0.05) when compared to cows fed the silage supplemented with bentonite. It was concluded from these trials that bentonite should not be used as a supplement to silage diets fed to lactating cows. The results suggested that NaHCO3 supplementation had little if any beneficial effect when grass silage made up approximately 30% of the total diet. Key words: NaHCO3, bentonite, lactating cows, silage intake, digestibility

566. Studies of the secretion of milk of low fat content by cows on diets low in hay and high in concentrates: V. The importance of the type of starch in the concentrates

1955 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Balch ◽  
D. A. Balch ◽  
S. Bartlett ◽  
Zena D. Hosking ◽  
V. W. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
Daily Intakes

1. Three comparable groups of cows were used to investigate the effect, on milk composition and yield, of diets consisting of 4 lb. hay daily and concentrates containing 35% weatings, 15% decorticated groundnut cake and 50% of either flaked maize, maize meal or dredge corn (crushed oats and barley) respectively.2. During initial and final control periods all the cows received 16 lb. hay daily and, per 10 lb. of milk produced, they received about 4 lb. of the concentrate mixture containing flaked maize. During the experimental period of 6 weeks all the cows received 4 lb. hay, concentrates according to milk yield, and an extra 7 lb. of concentrates daily. One group of cows received the concentrate mixture containing flaked maize, a second group the mixture with maize meal and the third group that with dredge corn. The mean daily intakes of starch for the different groups were respectively 6·0, 6·4 and 5·8 lb. per cow.3. The diet containing flaked maize caused a marked, and that containing maize meal a small fall in the fat content of the milk, but the diet containing dredge corn was without effect. In the last 2 weeks of experimental treatment the adjusted mean fat percentage for the group of cows receiving flaked maize was 0·51 and 0·71 below the percentages for the groups receiving maize meal and dredge corn respectively. The yields of milk and of milk fat were also lower in the group receiving flaked maize than in either of the other groups, but the experimental treatments produced no changes in the milk solids-not-fat percentage.4. This experiment has shown that when diets low in hay and high in concentrates are given to lactating cows, the type of starch in the concentrates is of great importance in determining the extent of the depression in milk fat percentage. The greater depression with flaked maize than with maize meal or dredge corn is thought to be associated with the effect of the starch on the flora of the reticulo-rumen.

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