Relationship between expected progeny differences of Canadian Hereford sires and performance of their progeny in commercial herds

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Basarab ◽  
D. Milligan ◽  
J. Stitt
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Ease Score ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Expected Progeny Differences

Sire expected progeny differences (EPDs) for calf birth, weaning and yearling weight predicted genetic differences between progeny of sires. A 1-kg change in birth weight EPD corresponded to a 1.06 ± 0.14 kg (P < 0.001) change in actual calf birth weight. A 1-kg change in weaning weight EPD or yearling weight EPD corresponded to a 0.45 ± 0.18 kg (P = 0.012) change in 200-d weaning weight or a 0.78 ± 0.15 kg (P < 0.001) change in 365-d yearling weight. Calving ease EPD was not related (0.37 ± 0.27; P = 0.17) to calving ease score. Key words: EPD, calving ease, birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight

Calving and weaning performance of calves from heifers bred to easy calving sires

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-377
Author(s):  
A. K. W. Tong ◽  
B. C. Vincent ◽  
J. A. Newman ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
M. A. Price
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Red Angus

In a calving ease comparison involving 106 calves born to first calf heifers, calves sired by Red Angus bulls were heavier at birth and required more calving assistance than Corriente-sired calves. However, the easier calving Corriente-sired calves experienced equivalent death loss and were significantly lighter at 3, 5 and 7 mo of age. Key words: Beef, ease of calving, birth weight, weaning weight, Red Angus, Corriente

Factors affecting birth weight and performance to weaning of Bunaji calves

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Oni ◽  
V. Buvanendran ◽  
N. I. Dim
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
And Performance

Birth weight and pre-weaning performance are recognized as important components in determing economic returns from beef cattle. The accuracy of ranking animals based on their breeding values, and hence the effectiveness of selection, will be increased when allowance is made for non-genetic sources of variation. Furthermore, the proper evaluation of identifiable sources of variation in calf weaning weight aids in more accurate appraisal of genetic differences in mothering ability among beef cows.

EFFECTS OF YEARLING WEIGHT SELECTION IN SHORTHORN BEEF CATTLE ON AGE-OF-DAM ADJUSTMENT FACTORS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-965
Author(s):  
J. C. OLTHOFF ◽  
G. H. CROW ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Selection Line ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Performance Change ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Over Time

Lines within a breed which differ in their level of performance may require different age-of-dam adjustment factors in the same way that different breeds do. Age-of-dam adjustments calculated from a control and a yearling weight selection line indicated lower values in the selected line for calf birth weight, weaning weight and yearling weight for 2- and 4-yr-old dams. Trends for adjustment factors in each line over time were generally not significant but tended to diverge. Age-of-dam adjustment factors within a breed may need to be reevaluated at intervals as levels of performance change. Key words: Beef cattle, age of dam adjustment, selection, yearling weight

EFFECT OF WINTER WEIGHT LOSS IN HEREFORD COWS ON SUBSEQUENT CALF PERFORMANCE TO WEANING

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-637
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

The effect of winter weight loss in Hereford cows on calf birth weight and performance to weaning was examined over a period of 4 yr. The average winter weight loss of cows (60 ± 36.2 kg mean ± SD) over the period of this study had a significant effect (P < 0.001) on calf birth weight, but no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the pre-weaning daily gain, or weaning weight of their calves.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CALF GENETIC TYPE ON PREWEANING TRAITS UNDER COMMERCIAL BEEF CATTLE CONDITIONS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
D. K. AARON ◽  
F. A. THRIFT
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Type ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Weight Data

Birth and weaning weight data were evaluated on 1/2 Simmental (SH, SA), 1/2 Maine-Anjou (MH, MA), 3/4 Simmental (S.SH, S.SA) and 3/4 Maine-Anjou (M.MH, M.MA) calves. For birth weight, 1/2 Simmental calves were lighter (P < 0.01) than 1/2 Maine-Anjou calves, and calves from Hereford cows were heavier (P < 0.01) than calves from Angus cows. Also, S.SH calves were heavier (P < 0.01) than S.SA calves. For weaning weight, 3/4 Simmental calves were heavier (P < 0.01) than 3/4 Maine-Anjou calves, and 1/2 Simmental and Maine-Anjou calves were lighter (P < 0.01) than 3/4 Simmental and Maine-Anjou calves. Key words: Calf genetic types, grading-up, beef cattle

scholarly journals BREED OF DAM, AGE OF DAM AND SEX OF CALF EFFECTS IN THE CANADIAN SIMMENTAL YOUNG SIRE PROVING PROGRAM

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
R. A. KEMP ◽  
L. R. SCHAEFFER ◽  
J. W. WILTON
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Sire Evaluation ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased

Canadian Simmental Association Young Sire Proving Program records (1978–1982) were used to estimate breed of dam by age of dam by sex of calf effects for several traits. Two models were used. Model 1 included fixed herd-years, breed of dam by age of dam by sex of calf (BAX) plus random sire and residual effects. Model 2 included fixed herd-year by sex of calf and breed of dam by age of dam (BA) plus random sire and residual effects. Both models included additive genetic relationships among sires and maternal grandsires. Traits used with Model 1 were gestation length (GL), calving ease (CE), birth weight (BW), gain on dam (GD) and 200-day weight (WW). Model 2 was used for gain on test (GT) and 365-day weight (YW). Mixed model techniques were used to obtain best linear unbiased estimates of BAX and BA from models 1 and 2, respectively. Hypothesis tests were conducted using two breed of dam groups ([Formula: see text] Simmental (S) and [Formula: see text] British breeds (B)) and four age of dam groups (2, 3, 4 and 5 + yr which correspond to < 31, 31–42, 43–54 and > 54 mo, respectively). Three-way subclasses (BAX) were significant (P < 0.01) for GL, CE, BW, GD and WW as were two-way subclasses (BA) for YW. Estimated differences for breed of dam by age of dam by six of calf subclasses (for GL, CE, BW, GD, WW) and breed of dam by age of dam subclasses (for YW) generally increased as age of dam increased. Accounting for breed of dam, age of dam, sex of calf and interaction effects are important in sire evaluation. Estimated differences of these effects, a by-product of sire evaluation, can be used to increase the accuracy of procedures for individual and dam evaluation. Key words: Breed of dam by age of dam by sex of calf effects, sire evaluation, mixed model techniques

CALVING EASE AND CALF MORTALITY IN FIRST-CROSS AND BACKCROSS COWS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Range Management ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Calf Mortality

Calving ease and calf mortality were evaluated for calves out of first-cross and backcross cows maintained under two contrasting environments. All calves were sired by Limousin bulls. The dam crosses at Brandon were HA, SN, CN, ACA, CCA, ASA, SSA, HCH, CCH, HSH, SSH, NCN, CCN, SSN, and NSN with H = Hereford, A = Angus, N = Shorthorn, C = Charolais, S = Simmental and a SSA cross was 3/4 Simmental-1/4 Angus. At Manyberries the dam crosses were HA, SN, ASA, SSA, HSH, SSH, NSN, and SSN. The calves were born between 1982 and 1986, inclusive, at Brandon, Manitoba (semi-intensive management) and Manyberries, Alberta (extensive range management). At Brandon, when calf birth weight was not a covariate, the significant dam cross contrasts for calving ease included less difficulty for SN cows than either the SSN or NSN cows, and for 3/4 A-1/4 European continental (E) cows than 1/4A–3/4E cows. When adjusted to a common calf birth weight the significant contrasts were HA cows had more difficulty than SN cows and the combination of SN and CN cows, SN cows had less difficulty than NSN cows, and 3/4A–1/4E cows had less difficulty than 1/4A–3/4E cows. At Manyberries, regardless of whether calf birth weight was excluded or included as a covariate, the SN cows had less difficulty than the SSN and the SSN cows had less difficulty than NSN cows. No significant dam cross comparisons were observed for calf mortality scores. Adjusting the calving ease scores to a constant calf birth weight did not significantly alter the magnitude of the contrasts but it did shift their probability levels. Location and sex of calf effects were not significant except for calving ease at Brandon where more difficulty was associated with male calves than female calves. Key words: Beef cattle, crossbreeding, backcrosses, calving, mortality

91 Assessing Variability of Herd Sire Economic Value for Commercial Operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
Logan Dodd ◽  
David Anderson ◽  
David G Riley ◽  
Barton Johnson ◽  
Andy D Herring
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Breeding Groups ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Abstract Number of calves (n = 596) and weaning calf value (n = 574) from natural service, multi-sire breeding groups were evaluated in a crossbred research herd. Sires and dams that were F1 crosses of Angus (A) and Nellore (N) were mated annually during 60 to 90-day breeding seasons to produce spring-born calves in 2009–2015. Numbers of sires used annually varied from 5 to 9; numbers of females exposed per bull ranged from 14 to 22 across years. Bulls were pastured together throughout the year as well as breeding seasons. Sires were identified based on calf DNA genotyping. Calf number, birth date, birth weight, weaning weight, and economic value were determined per bull annually. Calf value was based on weaning weight and reported prices for respective weaning dates. Calf prices were calculated separately for steers and heifers relative to 22.7 kg (50 lb) increments for corresponding weight class and year. Mixed model analyses were conducted that included fixed categorical effects of calf birth year, type of F1 sire (A-sired vs. N-sired), sire nested within type, calf sex, and the interaction of F1 sire type with calf sex. Covariates of Julian birth date and calf weaning age were included for birth weight and weaning weight, respectively. Large differences in calf numbers and performance (P &lt; 0.05) were observed. Weaned calves produced annually per sire ranged from 0 to 48. Average annual calf performance per sire ranged from 28.4 to 50.8 kg for birth weight and 146.5 to 249.0 kg for weaning weight. Annual economic value per sire ranged from $0 to $30,870 when considering half of each calf’s value as attributed to the sire. Commercial producers should consider potential sire variability for calf numbers, birth date distribution, and ratio of female-to-male calves in combination with calf performance for economic assessments.

SEX OF CALF AND AGE OF DAM ADJUSTMENTS FOR SOME PERFORMANCE TRAITS IN TWO POPULATIONS OF BEEF CATTLE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SHARMA ◽  
L. WILLMS ◽  
R. T. HARDIN ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Methods Of Application

Sex of calf and age of dam effects on birth weight, preweaning ADG, 180-day weaning weight; and age of dam effects on yearling weight, postweaning ADG in males, and 18-mo weight in females were studied in a Hereford and a beef Synthetic population. The effects of breed, sex of calf, age of dam and year were significant on preweaning traits. The superior milking ability of Synthetic cows over Herefords was more pronounced for male than female calves. Additive and multiplicative adjustment factors were calculated from the least squares analyses. Additive adjustments for age of dam and multiplicative adjustments for sex of calf were found most suitable for preweaning traits. Three methods of application of adjustment factors were studied. Multiplicative sex of calf adjustment followed by additive age of dam adjustment was found to be most effective as indicated by the reductions in mean squares for main effects and interactions. Additive and multiplicative age of dam factors are presented for yearling weight in males and 18-mo weight in females. Use of additive factors is recommended. Extending weaning weight age of dam adjustments for postweaning traits was not found suitable in this study. Key words: Beef cattle, age and sex, adjustment factors

scholarly journals Differential response from selection for high calving ease vs. low birth weight in American Simmental beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamad M Saad ◽  
Milton G Thomas ◽  
Scott E Speidel ◽  
Richard K Peel ◽  
W Marshall Frasier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Maternal Grandsire ◽  
Genetic Trends

Abstract Data on calving ease (CE) and birth, weaning weight (WW), and yearling weight (YW) were obtained from the American Simmental Association (ASA) and included pedigree and performance information on 11,640,735 animals. Our objective was to quantify differential response from selection for high CE vs. low birth weight (LBW) in first-calf Simmental heifers. We hypothesized that direct selection for CE should be used as the primary approach to reduce dystocia and mitigate losses in growth-related traits. WW and YW were adjusted to 205 and 365 d of age, respectively. Sire and maternal grandsire (co)variance components for CE, birth weight (BW), and 205-d weaning weight (205-d WW), and sire covariance components for 160-d postweaning gain (160-d gain) were estimated using a sire-maternal grandsire model. Direct and maternal expected progeny differences (EPD) for CE, BW, and 205-d WW and direct EPD for 160-d gain and 365-d yearling weight (365-d YW) for first-calf Simmental heifers population (465,710 animals) were estimated using a threshold-linear multivariate maternal animal model. This population was used to estimate genetic trends and as a selection pool (control) for various selection scenarios. Selection scenarios were high CE (HCE), LBW, the all-purpose selection index (API = −1.8 BW + 1.3 CE + 0.10 WW + 0.20 YW) of the ASA and its two derived subindices: (API1 = 1.3 CE + 0.20 YW) and (API2 = −1.8 BW + 0.20 YW), and lastly Dickerson’s selection index (DSI = −3.2 BW + YW). Data for each selection scenario were created by selecting sires with EPD greater than or equal to the average along with the top 75% of dams. Comparison between selection scenarios involved evaluating the direct and maternal genetic trends from these scenarios. Direct heritabilities for CE, BW, 205-d WW, 160-d gain, and 365-d YW of Simmental cattle were 0.23, 0.52, 0.28, 0.21, and 0.33, respectively. The single trait, HCE, selection scenario, as opposed to LBW, increased the intercept for CE by 57.7% and the slopes (P &lt; 0.001) for BW, 205-d WW, 160-d gain, and 365-d YW by 27.9%, 37.5%, 16%, and 28%, respectively. Comparisons of various selection scenarios revealed that the CE-based selection scenarios (HCE, API, and API1) had a greater response for CE and growth traits.

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