EFFECT OF DRYING RATE AND TEMPERATURE ON DRYING INJURY OF CORN SEED

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
ULRICH HERTER ◽  
JOSEPH S. BURRIS
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Seed Deterioration ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Excised Embryos

Seed injury has frequently occurred during the drying of corn Zea mays L. seed. This study was conducted to define the effects of drying temperature and drying rate on seed quality. Shelled samples were not injured when dried at 35 °C, even though they dried more rapidly than ear samples at 50 °C. However, shelled seed samples lost viability much more rapidly than ear samples when dried at 50 °C. Drying seed at 50 °C and elevated humidity versus low humidity reduced drying rate and slowed seed deterioration but did not eliminate it. Both temperature and drying rate are factors in drying injury. Excised embryos dried at 22–50 °C germinated well even though they dried at rates up to 40% per hour. Rapid drying may have rendered proteins tolerant to heat before injury occurred.Key words: Drying, temperature, injury, corn, seed, quality

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DRYING TEMPERATURE ON CORN SEED QUALITY

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. NAVRATIL ◽  
JOSEPH S. BURRIS
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Inbred Parent

Seed produced on three widely grown public corn (Zea mays L.) inbreds were tested for tolerance to drying injury. Inbred parents A632, B73, and Mo17 were grown in 1979 and 1980. The single cross H99 × H95 was used as a pollinator both years. Random ear samples were collected, to obtain ears with moisture percentages ranging from approximately 50 to 20%, and dried to 12% moisture at 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C, and 50 °C. Inbred parents were found to differ in tolerance to high drying temperatures. A632 was the most tolerant to high drying temperatures whereas B73 and Mo17 were relatively intolerant. Field performance of dried seed was similar to that observed in laboratory tests. Combined analyses yielded significant inbred-parent by harvest-moisture by drying-temperature interactions for germination and cold-test emergence percentages. These interactions do not allow for simple recommendations of safe harvest moistures and drying temperatures. Components from the combined analysis that had a P > F of 0.30 or less were then used to predict mean values for A632, B73, and Mo17 germination, cold-test emergence, seedling dry weight and the ratio of shoot to root dry weight. Values for the ratio variable indicated that root development is more susceptible to injury than is shoot development. These predicted values provide seed producers with information on the quality responses that they could expect when seed of A632, B73, or Mo17 is harvested at different moisture contents and dried at different drying temperatures.Key words: Drying, seed quality, Zea mays L.

PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF DRYING TEMPERATURES ON CORN SEED QUALITY

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
NADER SEYEDIN ◽  
JOSEPH S. BURRIS ◽  
THOMAS E. FLYNN
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The effects of drying temperatures on certain physiological parameters associated with germination of corn (Zea mays L.) seed were determined on two commonly grown inbreds. Seed produced on both maternal inbreds Mo17 (intolerant of high drying temperatures) and A632 (relatively tolerant) leached significantly more sugars into water when dried at 50 °C than at 35 °C. Leaching was most pronounced during the first hour. Electrical conductivity of leachate from maternal inbreds Mo17 and A632 was greater for seed dried at 50 °C than at 35 °C. Seedlings grown from embryos of the maternal inbred Mo17 seed dried at 50 °C had significantly lower shoot and root dry weights and percentage germination than did seedlings grown from embryos of Mo17 seed dried at 35 °C. Histochemical light microscopy of Mo17 and A632 embryos showed that the number of starch grains in the embryonic axis was substantially reduced by the high drying temperature. Embryos from Mo17 seed dried at 50 °C contained a carotenogenic pigment. Almost none of this pigment was produced by A632. Our results suggest that the high drying temperature may result in hydrolysis of starch in the embryonic axis of the seed during the early stages of the drying process. The greater electrical conductivity of leachate from seed dried at 50 °C than those dried at 35 °C may be indicative of membrane damage.Key words: Seed drying, histochemistry, embryo, culture, membrane, Zea mays L.

PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) PADA BERBAGAI UMUR PANEN BENIH DAN KELEMBABAN MEDIA TANAM

EUGENIA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Victa Rikumahu ◽  
Jantje Pongoh ◽  
J. M. Paulus
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Dead Shoot

ABSTRACT Research has been implemented as of July 2012, in the  BPSB Laboratory  of North Sulawesi Province i.e.: 1) to test the seed lacking in vigour during the Random Complete Design with three treatments of the various harvest ages, i.e. U1 (90 dasy), U2 (100 days) and U3 (110 days) treatments repeated four times; 2) in the greenhouse to see the amount of the normal, sprouts abnormal, seeds, hard seed and dead, shoot root ratio by using the Random Completed Design with two factors, respectively are : factorial in complete factors of the first different age harvest U1 (90 days), U2 (100 days) and U3 (110 days), the second factor granting of the water with different capacity P1 (3600 ml), P2 (2700 ml), P3 (1800 ml) and P4 (900 ml). Data analysis were found by the various analysis, however if there are different results, it would continue on the Smallest Significant Test. The results showed that, Electric Power Conductivity (EPC) affected by the age of harvest seed corn. The highest EPC at the harvest ages of 90 days and the lowest at 100 days and 110 days. It would be shown that the great value of EPC, the smallest amount of germination. There is no interaction between the age of abnormal seeds, hard seed die, shoot root ratio and high sprouts, but single factor treatment of harvest age and media planting humidity were significantly effected toward sprout normal, abnormal seed, hard seed die, shoot root ratio and high sprouts. Keywords : corn seed, harvest ages, humidity ABSTRAK   Penelitian dilaksanakan sejak bulan Juli 2012, penelitian pertama di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian dan Sertifikasi Benih (BPSB) Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, untuk menguji vigor benih menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan umur panen yang berbeda: U1 (90 Hari), U2 (100 Hari) dan U3 (110 hari) perlakuan diulang empat kali. Penelitian kedua di Rumah Kaca untuk melihat jumlah kecambah normal, abnormal, benih keras,benih mati dan nisbah pupus akar  menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap disusun secara faktorial  dengan  2 faktor  masing-masing adalah : faktor pertama : Umur Panen yang berbeda, U1 (90 Hari), U2 (100 Hari) dan U3 (110 hari). faktor kedua pemberian air dengan kapasitas yang berbeda, P1 (3600 ml), P2 (2700 ml), P3 (1800 ml) dan P4 (900 ml). Data yang diperoleh menggunakan analisa ragam dan jika terdapat perbedaan perlakuan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil  (BNT). Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah; Daya hantar listrik (DHL) dipengaruhi oleh umur panen benih jagung, DHL tertinggi pada umur panen 90 hari dan yang terendah umur panen 100 dan 110 hari. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa semakin besar nilai DHL semakin kecil jumlah perkecambahan. Tidak terdapat interaksi antara umur panen benih dan kelembaban media tanam terhadap jumlah kecambah normal, abnormal, benih keras, benih mati, nisbah pupus akar dan tinggi kecambah tetapi secara tunggal faktor perlakuan umur panen dan kelembaban media tanam berpengaruh nyata terhadap kecambah normal, abnormal, benih keras, benih mati, nisbah pupus akar dan tinggi kecambah. Kata kunci : benih jagung, umur panen, kelembaban

scholarly journals MÉTODOS DE DETECÇÃO DO GÊNERO Aspergillus EM SEMENTES DE MILHO (Zea mays L.) EM 270 DIAS DE ARMAZENAMENTO

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. CIRIO ◽  
M. L. R. Z. C. LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Secure Storage ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
The Media ◽  
Seeds Germination

O gênero Aspergillus tem como característica desenvolver-se em sementes e grãos com baixa umidade causando deterioração destes durante armazenamento com efeito na germinação nas sementes e produção de micotoxinas como aflatoxina em grãos, prejudiciais a saúde do homem e dos animais. Para avaliar a eficiência de métodos de detecção para Aspergillus, verificar germinação e umidade das sementes de milho foi feita armazenagem por 270 dias. As avaliações foram ao zero, 90, 150, 210 e 270 dias após armazenamento (DAA) com testes em papel filtro (blotter) e nos meios de batata dextrose ágar ácido (BDA ácido) e ágar suco de tomate mais 6% de cloreto de sódio (AST salino). Como resultados ao zero dia de armazenamento verificou-se ausência de Aspergillus; aos 90 DAA incidências 7,2% em blotter e 1,1% em AST; aos 150 DAA incidências 5,1% em blotter; aos 210 DAA incidências 41,1% em AST, 5,1% no blotter e 3,3% no BDA e aos 270 DAA incidências de 79,7% e 66,2% em blotter e AST que não diferiram estatisticamente entre si e 21% em BDA. A germinação e umidade foram: 98% e 10,8% (dia zero); 93% e 13,4% (90 DAA); 93% e 12,2% (150 DAA); 92% e 14,2% (210 DAA) e 36 % e 12,2 % (270 DAA), respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o meio AST salino mostrou maior eficiência para detectar Aspergillus aos 210 DAA indicando proliferação do gênero durante armazenamento até 270 DAA. A germinação das sementes reduziu-se de 92% para 36% entre 210 e 270 DAA e a umidade variou entre 10,8% e 14,2%, compatível com armazenagem segura. DETECTION METHODS OF Aspergillus GENUS IN CORN SEEDS (Zea mays L.) DURING 270 DAYS STORAGE Abstract The genera Aspergillus has a characteristic to developed in seeds and grains with low humidity causing deterioration during storage with effects on the seeds germination andmicotoxins production as aflatoxin in grains that are harmful to man and animal health. To evaluated the efficiency of detection methods for Aspergillus, to confirm germination and humidity in maize seeds, they were stored for 270 days. The evaluations were at zero, 90, 150, 210 and 270 days after storage (DAS) with the blotter test and in media potato-dextrose-agar (PDA acid) and tomato juice agar plus 6% NaCl (salty TJA). As results at zero day absence of Aspergillus, at 90 DAS incidence 7,2% in blotter and 1,1% in TMA, at 150 DAS incidence 5,1% in blotter; at 210 DAS the incidence 41,1% in TMA, 5,1% in blotter e 3,3% in PDA and at 270 DAS incidence 79,7% and 66,2% in blotter and TMA that didn’t differ statistically and 21% in PDA. Were get germination and humidity 98% and 10,8% (zero day); 93% and 13,4% (90 DAS); 93% and 12,2% (150 DAS); 92% and 14,2% (210 DAS) and 36% and 12,2% (270 DAS) respectively. The conclusions were that the media salty TJA showed higher efficiency to detect Aspergillus at 210 DAS what indicated proliferation of the genera during storage till 270 DAS. The germination reduced from92% to 36% between 210 e 270 DAS and humidity remained between 10,8% and 14,2% compatible with secure storage.

scholarly journals Emergence of improved varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by different soil types and planting depths in Chitwan, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
MN Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Population Maintenance

Improved open pollinated maize (Zea mays L.) varieties exhibit different emergence reaction as a result of either inferior seed quality or affected by agronomic practices of maize planting. To address problem of low emergence percentage of maize varieties, an experiment was laid out in factorial design under two types of soil (red clay and sandy loam), three level of depth of sowing (7, 14 and 21 cm) for Rampur Composite, Manakamana-1 and Arun-2 maize varieties in Rampur, Chitwan for representing main season (May-August). The result of the experiment revealed that emergence count was highly significant for soil types and depth of sowing among the maize varieties tested. Manakamana-1 expressed lowest percentage (20 and 29%) followed by Arun-2 (22 and 33%) and Rampur Composite (24 and 39%) of emergence under red clay and sandy loam soils, respectively. Likewise, emergence count at 10 days after sowing was recorded highly significant for depth of showing indicating that irrespective of varieties higher the planting depth lower the emergence count.. There was a positive relation between depth of planting and length of mesocotyle resulting loss of seed vigor which furnished low emergence of the maize varieties. It is suggested that depth of sowing affect emergence percentage which consequently have effects on plant population maintenance. Hence, it was concluded that sowing below 7cm deep is not feasible for the tested varieties under red clay and sandy loam soils. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v1i0.7539 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 1: 2010 pp.23-27

scholarly journals Salt tolerance of corn genotypes (Zea mays L.) during germination and later growth

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velimir Radic ◽  
Damir Beatovic ◽  
Jelena Mrdja
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Seed Germinability ◽  
Production Conditions

Since corn is grown in climatically diverse regions and under different production conditions, assuming that high salinity in the substrate affect corn seed performance, such conditions were simulated in this study in order to examine their effects on seedling geminability and length in several corn genotypes. The study showed that the tested seeds tolerated the stress conditions up to a certain point. The studied genotypes differed in level of resistance to the stress conditions. Salt concentrations were determined, which were capable of affecting negatively seed germinability and seedling growth.

Molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci for grain moisture at harvest and field grain drying rate in maize ( Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Fengqi Zhang ◽  
Baojun Tang ◽  
Yong Ding ◽  
Laikun Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Grain Drying ◽  
Trait Loci

Relationship between changes in endogenous polyamines and seed quality during development of sh2 sweet corn (Zea mays L.) seed

2010 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Cao ◽  
J. Hu ◽  
S.J. Zhu ◽  
W.M. Hu ◽  
A. Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn
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