Interactions of zinc with banded and broadcast phosphorus fertilizer on the concentration and uptake of P, Zn, Ca and Mg in plant tissue of oilseed flax

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Grant ◽  
L. D. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Previous Season

Field experiments on four sites over 3 yr evaluated the effect of banded and broadcast applications of fertilizer P, with and without application of Zn on the tissue concentration and uptake by the plant of Zn, P, Ca, and Mg in oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Residual effects of the P applications were also evaluated over five site-years. Banded applications of P tended to be more effective than either broadcast applications or residual P in increasing tissue concentration and uptake of P. Zinc application tended to decrease P concentration in the tissue where P levels were relatively high. When Zn was applied with banded P applications, it tended to reduce P uptake by the plant; when it was applied with broadcast P, it tended to increase P uptake by the plant. Changes in P uptake in response to Zn application generally reflected changes in dry matter production. When an increase in Zn concentration in the tissue or uptake by the plant occurred due to Zn applications, it was primarily when the Zn was applied with broadcast P fertilizer or where P had been broadcast the previous season. The increase in uptake of Zn generally reflected increased dry matter yield. Banded applications of P tended to produce lower tissue concentrations of Zn than did broadcast applications. Zinc concentration in the tissue also tended to be reduced by residual P from applications the previous season. Changes in Ca concentration in the tissue and uptake by the plant generally reflected changes in dry matter production. However, Mg concentration in the tissue and uptake by the plant were increased by P applications, particularly where P was banded. The increase in concentration in the tissue and uptake of Mg by the plant with application of P indicates that applications of P increase the ability of the plant to absorb Mg, presumably due to an effect on the absorption-translocation system within the plant. Key words: Flax, P placement, P, Zn, Ca, Mg

scholarly journals Gafsa rock phosphate and triple superphosphate for dry matter production and P uptake by corn

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossini Mattos Corrêa ◽  
Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento ◽  
Silvana Keely de Sá Souza ◽  
Fernando José Freire ◽  
Gleibson Barbosa da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Corn Plants

Crops in general make poor use of phosphorous fertilizer and, as a result, recommended rates and production costs are very high. Phosphorus can be made more readily available to plants by proper management of phosphate fertilization, selecting both, type of fertilizer and application method. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the natural Gafsa rock phosphate and the triple superphosphate on dry matter production and P uptake by corn plants cultivated in a greenhouse. Fertilizers were applied localized and broadcast/incorporated on to two soils with contrasting phosphorus capacity factors (PCF). Rock phosphate broadcast application was as efficient as triple superphosphate in increasing corn plant dry matter in the Tropudult, with lower PCF. This effect was not observed on the Haplustox, owing to the lower P solubility due to the higher Ca concentration in this soil. Triple superphosphate rates increased plant P uptake in both soils and for both application forms. Rock phosphate resulted in higher P-content in plants, but only for broadcast application on the Ultisol.

scholarly journals Influence of glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of Panicum maximum cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzete Fernandes Lima ◽  
Leandro Spíndola Pereira ◽  
Gustavo Dorneles Sousa ◽  
Simonny Araújo Vasconcelo ◽  
Adriano Jakelaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Forage Species

ABSTRACT: The use of herbicide underdoses allows minimizing the competition of grasses on annual crops, enabling simultaneous cultivation. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of the initial growth of three Panicum maximum cultivars aiming at the integrated cultivation, in addition to the effects of forage species on the incidence and development of weeds. Three field experiments were conducted. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications and eight treatments consisting of increasing glyphosate doses (0, 54, 108, 270, 378, 540, 756, and 1,080 g a.e. ha−1). An atrazine dose of 1,200 g a.i. ha−1 was added to each treatment. Plant phytotoxicity assessments were performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application. At 80 and 125 days after sowing, the assessments of total dry matter production, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, and leaf to stem ratio were carried out, in addition to density and dry matter production of weed community. Glyphosate underdoses below 215, 65, and 90 g a.e. ha-1 have a potential to be investigated aiming at the management of P. maximum cv. Atlas, P. maximum cv. Mombasa, and P. maximum cv. Tanzania under intercropping. The three forage species are effective in suppressing weeds.

Seasonal distribution of dry-matter production in grass varieties from different latitudes in northern Europe

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. M. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Matter Production

Work in controlled conditions (Cooper, 1964; østgård & Eagles, 1971) has indicated that, under short photoperiods and low temperatures, Scandinavian grass varieties tend to grow more slowly than those from lower latitudes, and are, therefore, more resistant to cold and freezing stresses. This has been confirmed in field experiments (Håbjørg, 1979). These grasses would therefore be expected to cease growth earlier in the autumn when grown in the British Isles. However, this mechanism does not appear to operate under lengthening days; indeed, there is evidence to suggest that their growth is particularly stimulated by the combination of cool temperatures and long days (Cooper, 1964; Hay & Heide, 1983, 1984). This raises the possibility that varieties from Norway and Sweden could produce more dry matter than grasses of more southern provenance in the spring in upland areas, when low temperatures are associated with rapidly lengthening photoperiod (12·5–15 h) and moderate to high levels of irradiance (> 200 W/m2) (Hay, 1985).

Effect of silicon at panicle initiation on the growth of rice (Var. ADT-36) plants at different growth stages

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
P. M. Arthanari ◽  
P. Gnanamoorthy ◽  
S. Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India during the Rabi (November 1997-March 1998) and Kharif (July 1998-November 1998) seasons to identify the effect of silicon at panicle initiation on the growth of rice plant (Variety ADT-36) at different growth stages. Furnace slag was applied as a silicon source at 2 t/ha at the panicle initiation stage along with other nutrients. The dry matter production was recorded at the active tillering, panicle initiation, booting, flowering, one week after flowering and maturity stages in both the seasons. The total dry matter production was greater in the Kharif season than in the Rabi season. The application of slag at the panicle initiation stage along with N and K at the flowering stage had a significant influence over the dry matter production. A similar trend was observed in both the seasons. The silicon uptake was recorded at the panicle initiation and maturity stages. About 30-40% of the silicon absorbed during the early stages and the maturity stage was present in the shoot, whereas 20-30 % of the silicon absorbed during the maturity stages was present in the leaf blades. Based on the results, it is concluded that the supply of silicon during the panicle initiation stage is most important for plant growth.

Response of vetch (Vicia spp.) to plant density in south-western Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seymour ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
N. Brandon ◽  
L. Martin ◽  
E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Matter Production

The response of Vicia sativa (cvv. Languedoc, Blanchefleur and Morava) and V. benghalensis (cv. Barloo) seed yield to seeding rate was examined in 9 field experiments across 2 years in south-western Australia. There were 2 types of field experiments: seeding rate (20, 40, 60, 100 and 140 kg/ha) × cultivar (Languedoc, Blanchefleur, and Morava or Barloo), and time of sowing (2 times of sowing of either Languedoc or Blanchefleur) × seeding rate (5,�7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha).A target density of 40 plants/m2 gave 'optimum' seed yield of vetch in south-western Australia. In high yielding situations, with a yield potential above 1.5 t/ha, the 'optimum' plant density for the early flowering cultivar Languedoc (85–97 days to 50% flowering) was increased to 60 plants/m2. The later flowering cultivar Blanchefleur (95–106 days to 50% flowering) had an optimum plant density of 33 plants/m2 at all sites, regardless of fitted maximum seed yield. Plant density in the range 31–38 plants/m2 was found to be adequate for dry matter production at maturity of Languedoc and Blanchefleur. For the remaining cultivars Barloo and Morava we were unable to determine an average optimum density for either dry matter or seed yield due to insufficient and/or inconsistent data.

scholarly journals Effect of Graded Levels of Magnesium on Dry Matter Production and Yield of Maize Cultivated in Soils of Maize Growing Tracts in Pudukkottai District of Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (june) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sankaralingam p ◽  
◽  
Malarvizhi P ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
Hybrid Maize

In order to assess the effect of graded levels of applied magnesium (Mg) (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 kg ha-1) on the soil available major nutrients, field experiments were conducted in 14 farmer’s holdings at Pudukkottai district with hybrid maize (NK 6240) as a test crop. Dry matter production (DMP) of the whole plant (above ground) at harvest stage of maize was significantly influenced by the application of 100% NPK + 10 kg Mg ha-1 and recorded the highest mean as 25620 kg ha-1 at harvest stage. A noticeable increase in grain and stover yield of maize crop was manifested by applying 100% NPK + 10 kg Mg ha-1 which recorded the highest mean yield as 11.6 t ha-1 and 14.0 t ha-1, respectively. It reported a 14.31 and 22.25 per cent increase in grain and stover yields, respectively, over control.

Dry Matter Production, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Rice Crop Influenced by Previous Season Sesame Crop

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 704-711
Author(s):  
L. Gurusamy ◽  
K. Omar Hattab ◽  
N. Gunasekhar ◽  
P.S. Vijayakuma ◽  
V.B. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Previous Season

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and seed yield of French bean

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-772
Author(s):  
SS Kakon ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
SMA Hossain ◽  
Q Naher ◽  
Md DH Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production

Field experiments were conducted during rabi (winter) seasons of 2010-11 and 2011-12 at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur to study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth, dry matter production and yield of French bean. A randomized complete block design was followed with 10 combinations of N (0,50, 100, 150 and 200) and P (0,22, 33, 44 and 55) kg ha-1 along with a blanket dose of control. All the treatments showed the maximum leaf area index (LAI) at 65 days after sowing (DAS). All the treatments showed the maximum total dry matter production, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate at harvest and at 55-65 DAS, respectively in both the years. LAI, dry matter production, CGR, NAR and seed yield significantly increased with the increase in nitrogen and phosphorus level upto 150 kg N and 44 P kg ha-1 , respectively. Similar trend was followed in maximum number of pods (9.45) and seed yield (1563.33 kg ha-1). The treatment comprises with 150 kg N and 44 P Kg ha-1 gave the highest seed yield which was 51.40 and 54.30 % higher than control plots.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(4): 759-772, December 2016

Yield performance of late-maturing winter canola (Brassica napus L.) types in the High Rainfall Zone of southern Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Riffkin ◽  
Trent Potter ◽  
Gavin Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Matter Production

Area and production of canola (Brassica napus L.) in the High Rainfall Zone (HRZ) of southern Australia has increased significantly over the past decade. Varieties available to growers have not been bred specifically for the HRZ and are generally adapted to the drier regions of the cropping belt. Field experiments were conducted at Hamilton in south-west Victoria in 2005, 2006 and 2008 to identify canola traits and management suited to the HRZ of southern Australia. Nine varieties with different reported maturities (winter and spring types) were sown at either two times of sowing and/or under different nitrogen (N) fertiliser regimes. Dates of key phenological development were recorded, dry matter was determined at bud, flowering and maturity and grain yield and yield components were determined at harvest. Plant traits and climate data were assessed in relation to grain yield. Yields of the winter types were either significantly (P < 0.05) greater or not significantly less than the spring types in all 3 years and similar to those reported under experimental conditions in Europe. This was despite the winter types flowering up to 35 days later than the spring types and spring rainfall being approximately half that of the long-term average. In general, the winter types had greater early vigour, greater dry matter production at the bud, flowering and maturity stages and were taller than the spring types. Regression analysis showed positive relationships between grain yield and pod density and plant size (dry matter and plant height). Plant size was influenced by variety, time of sowing and N fertiliser application rates. Crops in the HRZ were able to sustain more seeds per pod at larger canopy sizes and pod densities than those achieved in the northern hemisphere. Despite the number of pods per g of dry matter at flowering being nearly double that reported in the UK, there was little apparent reduction in the number of seeds per pod. It is possible that higher solar radiation and warmer minimum temperatures in the HRZ of Australia provide conditions more favourable for growth before, and during grainfill. This indicates that different dry matter production and yield component targets may be appropriate for canola in this environment especially in more typical seasons. It is likely that growers will need to sow new, later maturing varieties earlier and with higher rates of N fertiliser than is current practice in Australia. This study indicates that winter types may have the potential to provide improvements to the yield of canola in the HRZ either through the direct importation of varieties from overseas or through the identification and incorporation of desired traits into existing material. It is recommended that a wider range of germplasm be assessed over a greater geographical area to identify traits and management practices to optimise phenology and canopy structure. This information can be used to help inform breeders on crop improvement priorities as well providing tailored management practices to maximise grain yields for this environment.

The influence of low rates of air-dried biosolids on yield and phosphorus and zinc nutrition of wheat (Triticum durum) and barley( Hordeum vulgare)

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Weggler-Beaton ◽  
Robin D. Graham ◽  
Michael J. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Mineral Fertiliser ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Fertiliser Application

In field studies in 1992 and 1993, biosolid applications of 2 t/ha with supplements of mineral N and P were compared with a standard mineral fertiliser application (20 kg N/ha, 20 kg P/ha, 1.8–2.8 kg Zn/ha, 1.4–1.9 kg Cu/ha, 0.5–4 kg Mn/ha) on 4 soil types. Biosolid rates from 2 to 10 t/ha were applied in 1993. Shoot dry matter production at different stages of plant development (9 and 15 weeks after sowing) and grain production of Triticum durum and Hordeum vulgare, as well as nutrient concentration in shoots and grain, were taken as indicators for comparing nutrient availability of the 2 sources. A 2-t biosolid application was found to enhance dry-matter production and yield to the same extent as a mineral fertiliser application of 20 kg N/ha, 20 kg P/ha, and 1.8–2.8 kg Zn/ha. In some crop rotations and on sites with a high yield potential, additional nitrogen with 2 t biosolids/ha would be necessary to achieve such yields. However, development of durum wheat fertilised with 2 t biosolids was slower and P uptake lower than with mineral fertiliser until late booting. Durum wheat fertilised with 4 t biosolids showed similar P-uptake values as plants fertilised with the mineral fertiliser. The Zn-uptake of plants was positively correlated with biosolid application rates, showing a linear relationship. A 2-t biosolid application alleviated micronutrient deficiency to the same extent as the same rate of Zn (and Cu) given in mineral form.

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