scholarly journals Pathogenicity and mycotoxin production of Fusarium species causing head blight in wheat cultivars varying in resistance

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. L. Wong ◽  
D. Abramson ◽  
A. Tekauz ◽  
D. Leisle ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Type A ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Type B ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Type A Trichothecenes

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat has recently become more prevalent in Manitoba, Canada. The objectives of this study were to assess the pathogenicity of Fusarium species isolated from infected wheat spikes, determine their potential to produce trichothecene mycotoxins and evaluate wheat cultivars for resistance to these Fusarium species. This information is a prerequisite to the development of cultivars with effective resistance to FHB in Manitoba. Eight Chinese and three Canadian wheat cultivars were evaluated against individual strains of seven Fusarium species singly in the field. Severity of FHB was measured as percentage of discolored peduncles and percentage of tombstone kernels. On this basis, Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum were highly pathogenic, F. sporotrichioides had intermediate pathogenicity, and the other species were weakly pathogenic. For F. culmorum and F. graminearum, FHB severity correlated positively with kernel weight reduction and recovery of Fusarium species from the seed and correlated negatively with seed germination. Fusarium species varied in their ability to produce trichothecenes in infected wheat spikes. Wheat inoculated with F. poae contained both type A and B trichothecenes, while that inoculated with F. culmorum and F. graminearum produced type B only. Wheat inoculated with F. sporotrichioides contained type A trichothecenes, while that inoculated with F. avenaceum contained no detectable trichothecenes. Concentration of DON correlated positively with percentage of tombstone kernels in F. culmorum and F. graminearum, and that of HT-2 toxin correlated positively with percentage tombstone kernels in F. sporotrichioides. Biggar, Katepwa and Sceptre wheats were susceptible to F. culmorum and F. graminearum. High levels of resistance, expressed as low FHB severity combined with low trichothecene production, were found in several Chinese cultivars. These traits could be incorporated in adapted cultivars and be monitored by use of artificial inoculation. Key words:Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, fusarium head blight, mycotoxins, resistance, wheat

scholarly journals Naturally Occurring Fusarium Species and Mycotoxins in Oat Grains from Manitoba, Canada

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
M. Nazrul Islam ◽  
Mourita Tabassum ◽  
Mitali Banik ◽  
Fouad Daayf ◽  
W. G. Dilantha Fernando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Type B ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage ◽  
Type A Trichothecenes

Fusarium head blight (FHB) can lead to dramatic yield losses and mycotoxin contamination in small grain cereals in Canada. To assess the extent and severity of FHB in oat, samples collected from 168 commercial oat fields in the province of Manitoba, Canada, during 2016–2018 were analyzed for the occurrence of Fusarium head blight and associated mycotoxins. Through morphological and molecular analysis, F. poae was found to be the predominant Fusarium species affecting oat, followed by F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. avenaceum, and F. culmorum. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV), type B trichothecenes, were the two most abundant Fusarium mycotoxins detected in oat. Beauvericin (BEA) was also frequently detected, though at lower concentrations. Close clustering of F. poae and NIV/BEA, F. graminearum and DON, and F. sporotrichioides and HT2/T2 (type A trichothecenes) was detected in the principal component analysis. Sampling location and crop rotation significantly impacted the concentrations of Fusarium mycotoxins in oat. A phylogenetic analysis of 95 F. poae strains from Manitoba was conducted using the concatenated nucleotide sequences of Tef-1α, Tri1, and Tri8 genes. The results indicated that all F. poae strains belong to a monophyletic lineage. Four subgroups of F. poae strains were identified; however, no correlations were observed between the grouping of F. poae strains and sample locations/crop rotations.

scholarly journals Progression of Deoxynivalenol Concentrations in Spikes and Kernels of Winter Wheat Cultivars after Inoculation with Fusarium culmorum

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chrpová ◽  
V. Šíp ◽  
E. Matějová ◽  
S. Sýkorová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
High Concentrations

Progression of deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations in spikes and kernels was studied in relation to Fusarium head blight (FHB) symptoms in five winter wheat cultivars, differing in resistance to FHB, after single floret inoculation with an aggressive isolate of Fusarium culmorum. After inoculation in field conditions the spikes were detached from the plant and kept in the greenhouse under controlled conditions. High concentrations of DON were detected in susceptible cultivars at an early stage of pathogenesis (7 days after inoculation). Over the whole examined 21-day period and also at maturity spikes contained more DON than kernels. While differences between cultivars in the accumulation of DON were highly expressed already 7 days after inoculation, differences in symptomatic reactions were not clear until day 21. Owing to the reported crucial role of DON at early stages of pathogenesis, the importance of appropriate timing of fungicide application is highly stressed.  

scholarly journals Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight, Kernel Damage and Concentration of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Grain of Winter Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) Lines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Góral ◽  
Halina Wiśniewska ◽  
Piotr Ochodzki ◽  
Adriana Twardawska ◽  
Dorota Walentyn-Góral
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Type B ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

Fusarium head blight (FHB) can cause contamination of cereal grain with mycotoxins. Triticale is also infected with FHB; however, it is more resistant than wheat to head infection. The aim of this study was to identify triticale lines that combine low head infection with low toxin contamination. Resistance to FHB of 15 winter triticale and three winter wheat lines was evaluated over a three-year experiment established in two locations. At the anthesis stage, heads were inoculated with Fusarium culmorum isolates. The FHB index was scored and the percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDKs) assessed. The grain was analysed for type B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol and derivatives, nivalenol) and zearalenone content. The average FHB index was 10.7%. The proportion of FDK was 18.1% (weight) and 21.6% (number). An average content of deoxynivalenol for wheat amounted to 7.258 mg/kg and nivalenol to 5.267 mg/kg. In total, it was 12.788 m/kg of type B trichothecenes. The zearalenone content in the grain was 0.805 mg/kg. Relationships between FHB index, FDK and mycotoxin contents were statistically significant for triticale lines; however, they were stronger for FDK versus mycotoxins. Lines combing all types of FHB resistance were found, and two of them had resistance similar to that of wheat lines with the Fhb1 gene.

Fusarium head blight of wheat: pathogenic species and their mycotoxins

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ł Stępień ◽  
J. Chełkowski
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Fusarium Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Identification Methods

Fusarium head blight is a wheat disease of global importance and devastating impact in some years, especially in regions with high cereal production. Wheat grain contamination with mycotoxins is the result of head infection with several Fusarium pathogens. Among all metabolites accumulated in grain of wheat and other cereals infected with Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum, deoxynivalenol (DON) and other trichothecenes as well as zearalenone (ZEA) are accumulated with the highest levels and frequencies. Furthermore, moniliformin and enniatins were identified in several countries, where Fusarium avenaceum frequency was high. Several other species occurring with lower frequency have been reported. The chemotypes of individual isolates were established with the use of specific PCR markers. This review summarises the information on toxigenic Fusarium species infecting wheat heads, the morphological and molecular identification methods, toxic metabolites accumulated in the infected grain and on recent Fusarium genomic research. The interaction between the aggressive Fusarium pathogens and wheat host plant is discussed, particularly concerning the level of accumulation of DON and ZEA in grain samples. Various types of plant resistance against Fusarium head blight are described, together with wheat quantitative trait loci and DNA markers for their identification, that are useful for resistance breeding. Taking into account the risk of increased occurrence of several Fusarium mycotoxins, regulatory limits of DON, ZEA and fumonisins were established in EU, USA, Canada and other countries.

Field resistance of Martonvásár winter wheat cultivars against Fusarium head blight

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Puskás ◽  
G. Vida ◽  
J. Komáromi ◽  
O. Veisz ◽  
Z. Bedő
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Fhb Resistance

Fifty Triticum aestivum genotypes, including winter wheat cultivars from Martonvásár, were tested for fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance under artificially inoculated conditions. Field resistance, kernel infection, and the relative yield components (test weight, thousand kernel weight and kernel weight/heads) were examined following infection with Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum isolates. Using data from two years, a number of Martonvásár varieties with above-average resistance to FHB were identified. On the basis of field infection, AUDPC values close to those of resistance sources were calculated for the variety Mv Emese, while 67.5% of the varieties tested had values which did not differ significantly from those of the control variety Arina. The yield components examined were modified substantially by artificial FHB infection. The thousand kernel weight and test weight of the variety exhibiting the greatest degree of infection were only 21.14% and 25.58%, respectively, of the untreated control. In one case the decline in the kernel weight/head was more than 90%. The results of multivariable statistical analysis indicated that among the Hungarian wheat genotypes, Bánkúti 1201, B9086-95 (a line derived from Bánkúti 1201), Mv Emese, Martonvásári4 and Mv Táltos could be grouped with the best sources of resistance. The experimental data revealed wide genetic variability for FHB resistance in the Martonvásár breeding stock.

scholarly journals Survey of Fusarium Species Associated with Fusarium Head Blight of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Southeastern Idaho

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn M. Bissonnette ◽  
Philip Wharton ◽  
Jianli Chen ◽  
Juliet M. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific

In Idaho, losses due to Fusarium head blight (FHB) of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) have been infrequent and have historically been dominated by Fusarium culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc. However, the incidence of FHB and deoxynivalenol-contaminated grain has increased in spring wheat in southeastern Idaho since 2009, indicating that other species of Fusarium may be contributing to disease. In 2011 and 2012, 17 spring wheat fields were scouted and sampled for FHB in southern Idaho. Contaminated grains were cultured, and putative Fusarium isolates were identified using species-specific polymerase chain reaction. In 2011, 87% of all recovered isolates were identified as F. graminearum, whereas only 13% were identified as F. culmorum. Of the isolates collected in 2012, 51% were identified as F. graminearum and 49% as F. culmorum. In both years, more F. graminearum isolates were recovered as compared to a survey conducted in 1984. Implementation of effective disease management practices will be necessary to minimize the establishment and spread of F. graminearum–responsible FHB in southeastern Idaho.

Pathogenicity of Fusarium species causing head blight in barley

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen G. Xue ◽  
Keh Ming Ho ◽  
Gail Butler ◽  
Bernard J. Vigier ◽  
Carolyn Babcock
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Screening For Resistance ◽  
Barley Genotypes

AbstractThe pathogenicity of eightFusariumspecies causing fusarium head blight (FHB) in barley was studied under controlled conditions. Six barley genotypes varying in resistance to FHB were artificially inoculated with six isolates each ofF. acuminatum,F. avenaceum,F. crookwellense,F. culmorum,F. equiseti,F. graminearum,F. poaeandF. sporotrichioides10-14 d after heading. Symptoms of FHB were rated as disease severity using a 0-9 scale, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d after inoculation, and as percentage of infected spikelets (IS) after 21 d. All species tested caused head blight symptoms on the barley genotypes, but onlyF. crookwellense,F. culmorumandF. graminearumresulted in severe disease development (> 65% IS) and were considered highly pathogenic.Fusarium avenaceumhad 48% IS, which was significantly lower than those of the three highly pathogenic species and was moderately pathogenic. The remaining species had < 15% IS and were weakly pathogenic. There were significant differences (P< 0.05) in aggressiveness among isolates within species and in susceptibility among barley genotypes, suggesting that screening for resistance to FHB requires the use of aggressive isolates or a mixture of several isolates. This is the first report showing thatF. crookwellenseis highly pathogenic andF. avenaceumis moderately pathogenic on barley.

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