Fusarium head blight of wheat: pathogenic species and their mycotoxins

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ł Stępień ◽  
J. Chełkowski
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Fusarium Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Identification Methods

Fusarium head blight is a wheat disease of global importance and devastating impact in some years, especially in regions with high cereal production. Wheat grain contamination with mycotoxins is the result of head infection with several Fusarium pathogens. Among all metabolites accumulated in grain of wheat and other cereals infected with Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum, deoxynivalenol (DON) and other trichothecenes as well as zearalenone (ZEA) are accumulated with the highest levels and frequencies. Furthermore, moniliformin and enniatins were identified in several countries, where Fusarium avenaceum frequency was high. Several other species occurring with lower frequency have been reported. The chemotypes of individual isolates were established with the use of specific PCR markers. This review summarises the information on toxigenic Fusarium species infecting wheat heads, the morphological and molecular identification methods, toxic metabolites accumulated in the infected grain and on recent Fusarium genomic research. The interaction between the aggressive Fusarium pathogens and wheat host plant is discussed, particularly concerning the level of accumulation of DON and ZEA in grain samples. Various types of plant resistance against Fusarium head blight are described, together with wheat quantitative trait loci and DNA markers for their identification, that are useful for resistance breeding. Taking into account the risk of increased occurrence of several Fusarium mycotoxins, regulatory limits of DON, ZEA and fumonisins were established in EU, USA, Canada and other countries.

scholarly journals Identification of three new resources of resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Qianglan Huang ◽  
Syeda Akash Fatima ◽  
Shengfu Zhong ◽  
Feiquan Tan ◽  
Wanquan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Disease Resistances ◽  
Good Resource ◽  
Wheat Lines

Fusarium head blight (FHB) mainly caused by Fusarium species is one of the most important diseases threatening worldwide wheat production. To develop new FHB resistance resources, disease resistances of three new wheat lines L958, L962 and L987 were evaluated over a period of several years. We employed L699 (PI672540) and L661 as the resistant and susceptible control, respectively. Moderate FHB resistance was observed in these three wheat lines, among which the genotype L958 was found a good resource for yield, quality and FHB resistance improvement. In addition, genotype L962 was found to be resistant to powdery mildew, and both L958 and L987 carried the YrL693 gene conferring stripe rust resistance. The study provides promising results for accelerating the resistance breeding of the three wheat lines.  

scholarly journals Survey of Fusarium Species Associated with Fusarium Head Blight of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Southeastern Idaho

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn M. Bissonnette ◽  
Philip Wharton ◽  
Jianli Chen ◽  
Juliet M. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific

In Idaho, losses due to Fusarium head blight (FHB) of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) have been infrequent and have historically been dominated by Fusarium culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc. However, the incidence of FHB and deoxynivalenol-contaminated grain has increased in spring wheat in southeastern Idaho since 2009, indicating that other species of Fusarium may be contributing to disease. In 2011 and 2012, 17 spring wheat fields were scouted and sampled for FHB in southern Idaho. Contaminated grains were cultured, and putative Fusarium isolates were identified using species-specific polymerase chain reaction. In 2011, 87% of all recovered isolates were identified as F. graminearum, whereas only 13% were identified as F. culmorum. Of the isolates collected in 2012, 51% were identified as F. graminearum and 49% as F. culmorum. In both years, more F. graminearum isolates were recovered as compared to a survey conducted in 1984. Implementation of effective disease management practices will be necessary to minimize the establishment and spread of F. graminearum–responsible FHB in southeastern Idaho.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and mycotoxin production of Fusarium species causing head blight in wheat cultivars varying in resistance

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. L. Wong ◽  
D. Abramson ◽  
A. Tekauz ◽  
D. Leisle ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Type A ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Type B ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Type A Trichothecenes

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat has recently become more prevalent in Manitoba, Canada. The objectives of this study were to assess the pathogenicity of Fusarium species isolated from infected wheat spikes, determine their potential to produce trichothecene mycotoxins and evaluate wheat cultivars for resistance to these Fusarium species. This information is a prerequisite to the development of cultivars with effective resistance to FHB in Manitoba. Eight Chinese and three Canadian wheat cultivars were evaluated against individual strains of seven Fusarium species singly in the field. Severity of FHB was measured as percentage of discolored peduncles and percentage of tombstone kernels. On this basis, Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum were highly pathogenic, F. sporotrichioides had intermediate pathogenicity, and the other species were weakly pathogenic. For F. culmorum and F. graminearum, FHB severity correlated positively with kernel weight reduction and recovery of Fusarium species from the seed and correlated negatively with seed germination. Fusarium species varied in their ability to produce trichothecenes in infected wheat spikes. Wheat inoculated with F. poae contained both type A and B trichothecenes, while that inoculated with F. culmorum and F. graminearum produced type B only. Wheat inoculated with F. sporotrichioides contained type A trichothecenes, while that inoculated with F. avenaceum contained no detectable trichothecenes. Concentration of DON correlated positively with percentage of tombstone kernels in F. culmorum and F. graminearum, and that of HT-2 toxin correlated positively with percentage tombstone kernels in F. sporotrichioides. Biggar, Katepwa and Sceptre wheats were susceptible to F. culmorum and F. graminearum. High levels of resistance, expressed as low FHB severity combined with low trichothecene production, were found in several Chinese cultivars. These traits could be incorporated in adapted cultivars and be monitored by use of artificial inoculation. Key words:Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, fusarium head blight, mycotoxins, resistance, wheat

scholarly journals Alien chromatin but not Fhb7 confers Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat breeding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianrui Guo ◽  
Qinghua Shi ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Mian Wang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Translocation Lines ◽  
High Level ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium species, seriously threaten global wheat production. Three wheat-Th.elongatum FHB resistant translocation lines have been developed and used for breeding. Transcriptomic analysis identified a derivative glutathione S-transferase transcript T26102, which was homologous to Fhb7 and induced dramatically by Fusarium graminearum. Homologs of Fhb7 were detected in several genera in Triticeae, including Thinopyrum, Elymus, Leymus, Pseudoroegeria and Roegeria. Several wheat-Thinopyrum translocation lines carrying Fhb7 remain susceptible to FHB, and transgenic plants overexpressing the T26102 on different backgrounds did not improve the FHB resistance. Taken as a whole, we show the application of the chromatin derived from diploid Thinopyrum elongatum successfully conferring wheat with high level FHB resistance independent of the Fhb7.One Sentence SummaryThinopyrum elongatum chromatin from 7EL was successfully applied to wheat FHB resistance breeding, but the resistant gene other than the reported Fhb7 remained unknown.

Chemotype and aggressiveness evaluation of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum isolates from wheat fields in Wisconsin

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Mueller ◽  
Carol Groves ◽  
Damon L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Sporulation Capacity ◽  
Derivatives Of

Fusarium graminearum commonly causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat, barley, rice, and oats. Fusarium graminearum produces nivalenol and deoxynivalenol (DON) and forms derivatives of DON based on its acetylation sites. The fungus is profiled into chemotypes based on DON derivative chemotypes (3 acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) chemotype; 15 acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON) chemotype) and/or the nivalenol (NIV) chemotype. The current study assessed the Fusarium population found on wheat and the chemotype profile of the isolates collected from 2016 and 2017 in Wisconsin. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from all locations sampled in both 2016 and 2017. Fusarium culmorum was isolated only from Door County in 2016. Over both growing seasons, 91% of isolates were identified as the 15ADON chemotype while 9% of isolates were identified as the 3ADON chemotype. Aggressiveness was quantified by area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). The isolates with the highest AUDPC values were from the highest wheat producing cropping districts in the state. Deoxynivalenol production in grain and sporulation and growth rate in vitro were compared to aggressiveness in the greenhouse. Our results showed that 3ADON isolates in Wisconsin were among the highest in sporulation capacity, growth rate, and DON production in grain. However, there were no significant differences in aggressiveness between the 3ADON and 15ADON isolates. The results of this research detail the baseline frequency and distribution of 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes observed in Wisconsin. Chemotype distributions within populations of F. graminearum in Wisconsin should continue to be monitored in the future.

Species and trichothecene genotype of pathogens causing Fusarium head blight of wheat in Nebraska, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Valverde-Bogantes ◽  
Andreia Bianchini ◽  
Stephen Wegulo ◽  
Heather Hallen-Adams
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an economically important disease caused by several Fusarium species affecting wheat and other small grain cereals. In recent years, reports of shifts in populations of FHB pathogens around the world have shown that these populations are dynamic and change continuously, often resulting in increased yield losses or changes in the mycotoxins produced in the grain, which highlights the need for increased vigilance. The objective of this research was to identify the species and trichothecene genotypes of FHB pathogens in Nebraska in order to monitor their populations and the major toxigenic risks in the state. A total of 74 single-spore Fusarium isolates were obtained from 42 FHB symptomatic wheat spikes collected from Nebraska fields during the growing seasons in 2015-2018. Most of the isolates were identified as F. graminearum (n=67) based on translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1), trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (TRI101), and reductase (RED) sequences. Additional species included F. boothii (n=3), F. poae (n=2), F. acuminatum (n=1), and one isolate was an F. graminearum × F. boothii interspecific hybrid. All F. graminearum and F. boothii isolates had the 15-ADON trichothecene genotype. This study shows that F. graminearum is not the only pathogen causing FHB in Nebraska and helps expand knowledge on the worldwide distribution of F. boothii. The information obtained from this survey will be useful in developing effective FHB management strategies in Nebraska, since different pathogen populations can cause varying levels of disease intensity and can be selectively sensitive to management tactics.

scholarly journals Comparison and Combination of Thermal, Fluorescence, and Hyperspectral Imaging for Monitoring Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat on Spikelet Scale

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Katrin Mahlein ◽  
Elias Alisaac ◽  
Ali Al Masri ◽  
Jan Behmann ◽  
Heinz-Wilhelm Dehne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Maximum Temperature Difference ◽  
Simple Ratio

Optical sensors have shown high capabilities to improve the detection and monitoring of plant disease development. This study was designed to compare the feasibility of different sensors to characterize Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum. Under controlled conditions, time-series measurements were performed with infrared thermography (IRT), chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI), and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) starting 3 days after inoculation (dai). IRT allowed the visualization of temperature differences within the infected spikelets beginning 5 dai. At the same time, a disorder of the photosynthetic activity was confirmed by CFI via maximal fluorescence yields of spikelets (Fm) 5 dai. Pigment-specific simple ratio PSSRa and PSSRb derived from HSI allowed discrimination between Fusarium-infected and non-inoculated spikelets 3 dai. This effect on assimilation started earlier and was more pronounced with F. graminearum. Except the maximum temperature difference (MTD), all parameters derived from different sensors were significantly correlated with each other and with disease severity (DS). A support vector machine (SVM) classification of parameters derived from IRT, CFI, or HSI allowed the differentiation between non-inoculated and infected spikelets 3 dai with an accuracy of 78, 56 and 78%, respectively. Combining the IRT-HSI or CFI-HSI parameters improved the accuracy to 89% 30 dai.

scholarly journals Analysis of Genetic Factors Defining Head Blight Resistance in an Old Hungarian Wheat Variety-Based Mapping Population

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Emese Varga-László ◽  
Katalin Puskás ◽  
Balázs Varga ◽  
Zsuzsanna Farkas ◽  
Ottó Veisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Resistance Qtls

One of the most important limiting factors of high-quality wheat production is Fusarium head blight infection. The various Fusarium species not only may cause severe yield loss but—due to toxin production—the grains also might become unsuitable for animal and human nutrition. In the present research, our aim was to examine the Fusarium resistance of a special mapping population (’BKT9086-95/Mv Magvas’) and identify the genetic factors and chromosome regions determining the tolerance to Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum. The connection between the genetic background and the Fusarium head blight sensitivity was confirmed by the analysis of variance in the case of three markers, among which the co-dominant pattern of the gtac2 and gtac3 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers might indicate a marker development possibility. Consistently expressed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified on the chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 5A, and 7A. Loci linked to resistance were identified on 11 chromosomes. During the investigation of phenological and morphological traits (heading date, plant height, ear compactness) influencing the head blight resistance and the location of the resistance QTLs, the total overlap was found in the case of the region identified on chromosome 2D and partial overlap on chromosomes 2A and 2B. Whereas 5A may be a rare allelic variant of a novel QTL.

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