HYDROLYTIC REACTIONS AND PROPERTIES OF DILUTE ALUMINUM SALT SOLUTIONS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SHAH SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Aluminum Nitrate ◽  
Aluminum Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Subtraction Technique ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Average Composition ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Experiments were done to characterize the hydrolyzed solutions of aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate. The hydrolysis of the dilute solutions (10−3M) was accomplished under reflux process at 92 °C. The results showed that anions associated with Al have an effect on hydrolysis of aluminum and the order of ease of hydrolysis for similar concentrations of Al was NO3 > Cl > SO4. The average composition of the hydroxyaluminum cation (Aln(OH)m) was calculated as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for hydrolyzed solutions of Al(NO3)3, AlCl3, and Al2(SO4)3, respectively. The infrared spectra of the hydrolyzed species of aluminum were obtained by a subtraction technique and infrared peaks at 1410 cm−1 and 1085 cm−1 in the AlCl3 system and at 1435 cm−1 and 1070 cm−1 in the Al2(SO4)3 system were assigned to polynuclear hydroxyaluminum species having been formed due to reflux process.

CONDITIONS IN SOLUTION DURING THE FORMATION OF GIBBSITE IN DILUTE ALUMINUM SALT SOLUTIONS: III. HYDROXYALUMINUM PRODUCTS OF REACTIONS DURING THE NEUTRALIZATION OF ALUMINUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Turner ◽  
G. J. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Aluminum Salt ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Chloride Solutions

Experiments were made to determine the relative amounts of solid phase hydroxyaluminum to polynuclear ionic hydroxyaluminum formed, according to methods developed by one of the authors, during titrations of dilute AlCl3 solutions with a base. With both 10−3 and 10−2 M AlCl3 solutions, and with both fast (less than 5 minutes) and slow (12 hours) titrations, the solid phase and the polynuclear ions were present at each degree of neutralization at which measurements were made. During the greater part of the titrations the solid phase was the major product with the fast titrations, and the polynuclear ions were the major product with the slow titrations. Beyond about 80% neutralization the polynuclear ions began to decrease in concentration until at 100% the solid phase approached 100% of the products regardless of the rate of titration. There was a considerable amount of Cl associated with the solid phase during most of each titration, but the Cl/Al molar ratio of the solid approached zero as neutralization approached 100%.

Hydrolysis of Aluminum -Are All Gels Created Equal?

1990 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Wood ◽  
A. R. Siedle ◽  
J. R. Hill ◽  
R. P. Skarjune ◽  
C. J. Goodbrake
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Mas Nmr ◽  
Aluminum Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Transition Alumina ◽  
Aluminum Ion ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACTThe nuclearity and structure of aluminum cations generated by the hydrolysis of aluminum salt solutions depends markedly on the method of preparation. This speciation affects not only the thermochemistry of processes leading to ceramics, but the microstructures of the ceramics themselves. A brief review of aluminum ion hydrolysis is presented along with a study of the thermal evolution of gels derived from aluminum salt solutions via several different hydrolysis methods. The observation of 5 - coordinate aluminum in a bulk transition alumina by MAS-NMR is reported. A new, high defect precursor of η-alumina dubbed “high-5 alumina” is described and the far reaching implications of this discovery are discussed.

Infrared Spectra of Aluminum Salt Solutions

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. McIntyre ◽  
R. T. Foley ◽  
B. F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Band ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Aluminum Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Bending Mode ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Aluminum Surfaces

Aluminum salt solutions activate metallic aluminum surfaces at different rates. The objective of this investigation was to attempt to establish whether or not structural differences at the molecular level could account for the chemical reactivity. The infrared spectra of various concentrations of aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, aluminum perchlorate, and aluminum sulfate were measured. The spectra included several general features: (1) a broadening of the OH stretching band of water, (2) a splitting of the OH stretch of water into several absorption bands, (3) the emergence of a new absorption band at 2400 cm−1 (related to dimer formation), (4) splitting of the NO3− absorption band at 1370 cm−1 (5) occasional splitting of the OH bending mode of water, (6) no direct evidence of anion-cation interaction for AlCl3, Al(CIO4)3, and Al2(SO4)3. In general, there was no difference at the molecular level between these aluminum salt solutions that would account for differences in chemical reactivity.

Infrared Spectra of Aluminum Salt Solutions.

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. McIntyre ◽  
R. T. Foley ◽  
B. F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Aluminum Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions

Far Infrared Group Frequencies. V. Oximes and Aldoximes

1973 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Craven ◽  
F. F. Bentley ◽  
D. F. Pensenstadler
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Torsional Vibrations ◽  
Lattice Vibrations ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Solid Samples ◽  
Bending Modes ◽  
Bond Stretch

The low frequency infrared spectra from 450 to 75 cm−1 of seven oximes and five aldoximes have been recorded for pure samples and for dilute solutions in cyclohexane. An intense characteristic band is present in the solution spectra at 367 ± 10 cm−1. This characteristic band shifts to 275 ± 10 cm−1 in the spectra of the OD compounds. The 367 ± 10 cm−1 and 275 ± 10 cm−1 bands are assigned to OH and OD torsional vibrations. A comparison of the solution spectra with spectra of the solid samples indicated that the OH … N hydrogen bond stretch of oximes and aldoximes occurs in 300 to 200 cm−1 region. Strong bands also are present in 140 to 100 cm−1 region which are due to OH … N bending modes or perhaps lattice vibrations.

Conditions for the formation of bayerite and gibbsite

1971 ◽  
Vol 38 (295) ◽  
pp. 358-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Mchardy ◽  
A. P. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Positively Charged

SummaryAluminium hydroxide gels have been prepared by the hydrolysis of amalgamated aluminium in water and by precipitation from aluminium salt solutions with an anion exchange resin in the hydroxyl form. The products crystallizing from such gels have been examined by electron microscopy and by X-ray and electron diffraction. Bayerite crystallizes as cone or pyramid-shaped particles and gibbsite as hexagonal plates or prisms. Two types of gel are postulated. The first type, pseudoboehmite, predominates in the absence of acids, is uncharged and rapidly crystallizes to bayerite; the second type, pregibbsite gel, occurs in carboxylic acid solutions, is positively charged and, in the absence of inorganic anions, crystallizes slowly to gibbsite.

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