Management of powdery mildew in flowering dogwood in the field with biorational and conventional fungicides

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Mmbaga ◽  
R. J. Sauvé
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Potassium Bicarbonate ◽  
Cornus Florida ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Flowering Dogwood ◽  
Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate

In a 2 yr study, control of powdery mildew on flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) by four biorational and four conventional fungicides was assessed on seedlings and on 3 yr liners in the field. Biorational fungicides applied were three household soaps containing 0.2% triclosan (Irgasan® DP 300)—Ajax® liquid hand soap, Equate® liquid dish soap and Palmolive® liquid dish soap-and potassium bicarbonate salt. Conventional fungicides applied were propiconazole, thiophanate methyl, azoxystrobin and copper sulfate pentahydrate. All products controlled powdery mildew compared with water controls. Application of the biorational fungicides on a weekly basis was as effective as propiconazole and thiophanate methyl and more effective than azoxystrobin and copper sulfate pentahydrate. Application of some biorational products at semi-monthly intervals was slightly less effective. Of the biorational fungicides, Palmolive® was the most effective but was phytotoxic, whereas Ajax®, Equate® and potassium bicarbonate were not. When three applications of any biorational fungicide were rotated with one application of propiconazole, the incidence of powdery mildew was less than when a fungicide rotation was not included. Plant growth was enhanced with either biorational or conventional fungicides compared with water controls. Propiconazole treatments resulted in the highest growth rates, whereas biorational products were as effective in promoting growth as thiophanate methyl, azoxystrobin or copper sulfate pentahydrate. The incorporation of biorational fungicides in a powdery mildew disease management program may have economic and environmental benefits because they are less costly than conventional fungicides and presumed safer to the environment and the applicators. Key words: Cornus florida L., Erysiphe (sect. Microsphaera) pulchra, Microsphaera pulchra, Oidium spp, Phyllactinia guttata

scholarly journals 550 A Naturally Occurring Compound for Controlling Powdery Mildew of Greenhouse Roses

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 541A-541
Author(s):  
Steven E. Newman ◽  
Michael J. Roll ◽  
Ronald J. Harkrader
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
The Family ◽  
Macleaya Cordata ◽  
Sphaerotheca Pannosa

Quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids (QBAs) isolated from plants in the family Papaveraceae are effective for the control of some fungal diseases. Extracts from Macleaya cordata, a species rich in QBAs, were formulated at 150 mg·L–1 QBA for spray application to greenhouse roses infected with Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae (powdery mildew). The QBA formulation was applied at 10-day intervals. For comparison, copper sulfate pentahydrate, piperalin, and fenarimol also were applied to mildew-infected plants within the same greenhouse at their respective labeled rates. One day after treatment, visible symptoms of mildew infection were reduced 60% by QBA, whereas fenarimol, copper sulfate pentahydrate, and piperalin reduced the symptoms of infection 50%, 75%, and 85%, respectively. Subsequent studies demonstrated that a tank mix of QBA and piperalin provided enhanced control of powdery mildew on rose. Results from this study indicate that QBAs have the potential to be developed as a biorational fungicide for greenhouse use with both fungicidal and fungistatic activity.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Fungicides to Urediniospores of Six Rust Fungi That Occur on Ornamental Crops

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Mueller ◽  
S. N. Jeffers ◽  
J. W. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Fungicide Residues ◽  
Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
Plant Surfaces

The recent introduction and rapid spread of rust on daylilies, caused by Puccinia hemerocallidis, suggested a need for fungicide treatments that reduce urediniospore viability on plant surfaces. Twelve fungicides in seven chemical classes were evaluated in vitro for toxicity to urediniospores of rust fungi that occur on daylily (P. hemerocallidis), geranium P. pelargonii-zonalis), iris (P. iridis), oxalis (P. oxalis), mint (P. menthae), and Florida azalea (Pucciniastrum vaccinii). Germination of urediniospores of all six rust fungi on potato dextrose agar in the absence of fungicides ranged from 54 to 88%. Germination of urediniospores of all rust species during and after exposure to azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate pentahydrate, mancozeb, and trifloxystrobin was less than or near 1%. Germination during exposure to fenhexamid, iprodione, myclobutanil, propiconazole, thiophanate-methyl, triadimefon, and triflumizole ranged from 0 to 60% and usually was greater (0 to 75%) after fungicide residues had been removed. Germination of urediniospores of P. pelargonii-zonalis decreased when exposed to azoxystrobin, copper sulfate pentahydrate, and mancozeb for 1 min and was nearly eliminated after a 30-min exposure, while exposure to trifloxystrobin and chlorothalonil eliminated germination after 4 and 8 h, respectively. Urediniospores that had been allowed to imbibe water for 4 h had no further germination or germ tube growth after a 24-h exposure to azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate pentahydrate, mancozeb, and trifloxystrobin. Less than one lesion per plant developed on seedlings inoculated with urediniospores of P. pelargonii-zonalis that had been sprayed with azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate pentahydrate, and mancozeb, whereas seedlings inoculated with spores not exposed to fungicides developed 148 lesions per plant. The strobilurin (azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin), broad-spectrum protectant (chlorothalonil and mancozeb), and inorganic copper (copper sulfate pentahydrate) fungicides were fungicidal to urediniospores of the six rust fungi. However, the benzimidazole (thiophanate-methyl), dicarboximide (iprodione), hydroxyanilide (fenhexamid), and demethylation-inhibiting (myclobutanil, propiconazole, triadimefon, and triflumizole) fungicides were only fungistatic to rust urediniospores.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biorational Products for Powdery Mildew Management in Cornus florida

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret T. Mmbaga ◽  
Hongyan Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Potassium Bicarbonate ◽  
Cornus Florida ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Spray Regimes ◽  
Vapor Gard

Abstract Between 1997 and 1999, 21 biorational products were evaluated for powdery mildew control on dogwood seedlings and compared with the traditional fungicides Banner® (propiconazole), ConSyst™ WDG (chlorothalonil and thiophanate methyl) and Cleary's 3336 F® (thiophanate-methyl) in a shadehouse environment. Selected products were also evaluated in rotation with Banner®, where Banner® application was made once for every three applications. Among the biorational products the household soaps, Palmolive®, Ajax®, and Equate®, the potassium bicarbonate salt Armicarb™, and the antitranspirant Vapor Gard® were most effective in reducing powdery mildew severity. However, Vapor Gard® stunted plant growth, and Palmolive® caused some phytotoxicity. While Safer Soap®, M-Pede®, Triact™, Neem Gold®, Kaligreen™, and Ultrafine® oil were not as effective in controlling powdery mildew as the fungicides, the increase in plant growth was similar. Spray regimes that included the biorational and Banner® generally gave better disease control and enhanced plant growth over the biorational products alone. While Banner® and ConSyst™ were highly effective in controlling powdery mildew, Cleary's 3336 F® gave inconsistent results and proved only moderately effective. Overall, plant growth correlated negatively with powdery mildew severity for the biorational products (r = −0.58) and biorational/Banner rotation (r = −0.54).

scholarly journals A Naturally Occurring Compound for Controlling Powdery Mildew of Greenhouse Roses

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Newman ◽  
Michael J. Roll ◽  
Ronald J. Harkrader
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
The Family ◽  
Macleaya Cordata ◽  
Sphaerotheca Pannosa

Quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids (QBAs) isolated from plants in the family Papaveraceae are effective for the control of some fungal diseases. Extracts from Macleaya cordata, a species rich in QBAs, were formulated at 150 mg·L–1 QBA for spray application to greenhouse roses (Rosa sp.) infected with Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae (powdery mildew). The QBA formulation was applied at 10-day intervals. For comparison, copper sulfate pentahydrate, piperalin, and fenarimol also were applied to mildewinfected plants within the same greenhouse at their respective labeled rates. One day after treatment, visible symptoms of mildew infection were reduced 60% by QBA, whereas fenarimol, copper sulfate pentahydrate, and piperalin reduced the symptoms of infection 50%, 75%, and 85%, respectively. Subsequent studies demonstrated that a tank mix of QBA and piperalin provided enhanced control of powdery mildew on rose. Results from this study indicate that QBAs have the potential to be developed as a biorational fungicide for greenhouse use with both fungicidal and fungistatic activity.

scholarly journals Controlling Powdery Mildew of Greenhouse Roses Using Quartenary Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 675c-675
Author(s):  
Steven E. Newman ◽  
Michael J. Roll ◽  
Ronald J. Harkrader
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Sphaerotheca Pannosa

There are many naturally occurring substances that have the potential to be adapted to modern pest control chemistry. Azadirachtin, an insect growth regulator, is one such naturally occurring compound that has been widely accepted in insect pest management. Quartenary benzophenanthridine alkaloids (QBAs) are known to be effective in the control of crop damaging fungal diseases. QBAs can be isolated from plants in the Papaveraceae. Extracts of Macleaya cordata, a species rich in QBAs, were formulated at 150 mg·L–1 QBA for spray application to greenhouse roses infected with Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae (powdery mildew). The QBA formulation was applied at 10-day intervals. Copper sulfate pentahydrate (Phyton27), piperalin (Pipron), and fenarimol (Rubigan) were also applied to mildew infected plants within the same greenhouse at their respective label rates for comparison. One day after treatment, the mildew infection was reduced 50% by QBA, whereas fenarimol, copper sulfate pentahydrate, and piperalin reduced the infection 50%, 75%, and 80%, respectively. Nine days after application, the mildew infection of QBA treated plants was less than 5% of the leaflet surface area. QBAs have the potential to be developed as a biorational fungicide for greenhouse use with both fungicidal and fungistatic activity.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fungicides for the Control of Powdery Mildew on Dogwood

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
J. W. Olive ◽  
J. Stephenson ◽  
Maria Rivas-Davila
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Flowering Dogwood ◽  
Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Shade Cloth ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Paraffinic Oil

Abstract Efficacy of selected registered fungicides and trifloxystrobin, was evaluated for the control of powdery mildew (Erysiphe pulchra) on container-grown flowering dogwood (Cornus florida). Bare-root trees were transplanted into a pine bark/peat moss substrate and maintained under a 47% shade cloth. All fungicide treatments significantly reduced the incidence of powdery mildew compared with the untreated control. During the trial period, the most consistent control of powdery mildew was given by azoxystrobin [Heritage® 50W] at 0.16 g ai/liter or propiconazole [Banner MAXX®] at 0.07 g ai/liter, respectively. In two of three years, myclobutanil [Eagle® 40W] at 0.24 g ai/liter was equally effective in controlling this disease as the above fungicides. Copper sulfate pentahydrate [Phyton 27®] at 0.74 g ai/liter gave similar control of powdery mildew in three of four years as propiconazole but was not quite as effective in controlling this disease as azoxystrobin. Paraffinic oil at 1% v/v [Sunspray Ultrafine Oil®] was slightly less effective in controlling powdery mildew than azoxystrobin or myclobutanil. However, no more than 6% leaves on the paraffinic oil-treated dogwood were colonized in any year by E. pulchra, compared with 75% colonization for the untreated controls. Although thiophanate methyl [3336™ 4.5F] at 0.84 g ai/liter and triadimefon [Bayleton® WSP] at 0.16 g ai/liter reduced powdery mildew incidence compared with the untreated control, the level of leaf colonization in three of four years was significantly higher than other fungicides. Trifloxystrobin [Compass™ 50W] at the 0.04 g ai/liter rate gave better control of powdery mildew when applied at 1- and 2-week intervals than on a monthly schedule. In contrast, the 0.08 and 0.16 g ai/liter rate of this fungicide were almost equally effective in controlling this disease at 1-, 2-, and 4-week intervals. When applied on the same schedule, myclobutanil (0.24 g ai/liter) gave the same level of powdery mildew control as all three rates of trifloxystrobin. In 1999, moderate to excellent control of powdery mildew with trifloxystrobin, propiconazole, and azoxystrobin resulted in a significant gains in tree dimensions and trunk caliper over those recorded for the untreated flowering dogwood. No symptoms of phytotoxicity were associated with the use of any of the fungicides screened.

Influence of Solvents on the Growth of Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate Single Crystals

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Tariq A. AL- Dhahir ◽  
◽  
Nabeel A. Bakr ◽  
Saja B. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Influence Of Solvents

Thermal analysis and decomposition kinetics of the dehydration of copper sulfate pentahydrate

2018 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 2697-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Cheng ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Yifan Li ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
Yanchun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Decomposition Kinetics ◽  
Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Kinetics Of

Application of Carnatrol™ and Timsen™ to Decontaminate Beef†

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1339-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
CATHERINE N. CUTTER ◽  
WARREN J. DORSA ◽  
GREGORY R. SIRAGUSA
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Lean Beef ◽  
Bovine Feces ◽  
Spray Applications

The spray application of two commercial decontaminating agents for reducing bacterial populations associated with fecal contamination on beef was examined in two separate experiments. Individual pieces of prerigor lean beef tissue were inoculated with fresh bovine feces and subjected to a 15-s spray wash (75 lb/in2, 20°C) with water or various concentrations of Carnatrol™, composed of copper sulfate pentahydrate, or Timsen™, 40% N-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride in 60% stabilized urea, and stored under refrigerated (5°C) conditions. When Carnatrol™ was applied to beef tissue at 20, 40, and 80 ppm, bacterial populations were not statistically different (P ≥ 0.05) than water-treated populations at days 0, 1, and 2. When Carnatrol™ was applied to tissues at 160 ppm, bacterial populations were statistically different (P ≤ 0.05) from water-treated tissue on all of the days examined; however, reductions were not greater than 0.58, 0.42, and 0.35 log CFU/cm2 at days 0, 1, and 2, respectively. Remaining bacterial populations resulting from spray applications of Timsen™ to tissues at 200, 400, and 800 ppm were not statistically different than remaining bacterial populations of water-treated tissues at days 0, 1, 2, or 3. Reductions in bacterial populations associated with Timsen™ were no greater than 0.40 log CFU/cm2 on any of the days examined. This study demonstrates that under conditions used in this study, spray washes with either of the two commercially available decontaminating agents were no more effective than water washes for reducing bacterial populations associated with fecal contamination on beef tissue.

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