Effect of tillage system and crop sequence on irrigated sugarbeet production

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
J. Nitschelm ◽  
P. Regitnig ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
H. C. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) are grown on intensively tilled-irrigated land in southern Alberta, which is subject to soil erosion by wind. Experiments were conducted on commercial fields near Burdett, AB, to determine the effect of the tillage system and previous crops on sugarbeet production. The previous crops were dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) and the tillage systems were conventional (moldboard plow, vibrashank cultivator, harrow, packer), minimum (double disc, self-cleaning harrow, glyphosate) or no tillage (glyphosate). After dry beans, sugarbeet fresh weight and extractable sugar yields were similar with all tillage systems. All of the tillage systems left less than 100 g m-2 of plant residue on the soil surface in the spring following dry beans, which is insufficient to protect the soil from wind erosion. After wheat, sugarbeet yields were similar with minimum and conventional tillage but lower with no tillage. Both minimum and no-tillage systems left sufficient plant residue on the soil surface to protect the soil from erosion (> 200 g m-2). Sugarbeet stand density following wheat was lower with no tillage than conventional or minimum tillage, reflecting poor seed placement and daily maximum soil temperature (5 cm depth) of up to 10°C lower under no tillage than conventional tillage. After wheat, there was a trend toward lower densities of hard-seeded annuals, such as redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), after no tillage than conventional tillage. Of the cropping systems tested in this study, only the minimum tillage system after wheat provided optimum sugarbeet yield and left enough plant residue to protect the soil from wind erosion. Key words: Crop rotation, bean, wheat, sugarbeet, no-tillage

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOIL TILLAGE AND PLANT RESIDUE ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF AN OXISOL UNDER SIMULATED RAIN

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elói Panachuki ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Teodorico Alves Sobrinho ◽  
Paulo Tarso Sanches de Oliveira ◽  
Dulce Buchala Bicca Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
Simulated Rain

Surface roughness of the soil is formed by mechanical tillage and is also influenced by the kind and amount of plant residue, among other factors. Its persistence over time mainly depends on the fundamental characteristics of rain and soil type. However, few studies have been developed to evaluate these factors in Latossolos (Oxisols). In this study, we evaluated the effect of soil tillage and of amounts of plant residue on surface roughness of an Oxisol under simulated rain. Treatments consisted of the combination of the tillage systems of no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT), and minimum tillage (MT) with rates of plant residue of 0, 1, and 2 Mg ha-1 of oats (Avena strigosa Schreb) and 0, 3, and 6 Mg ha-1 of maize (Zea mays L.). Seven simulated rains were applied on each experimental plot, with intensity of 60±2 mm h-1 and duration of 1 h at weekly intervals. The values of the random roughness index ranged from 2.94 to 17.71 mm in oats, and from 5.91 to 20.37 mm in maize, showing that CT and MT are effective in increasing soil surface roughness. It was seen that soil tillage operations carried out with the chisel plow and the leveling disk harrow are more effective in increasing soil roughness than those carried out with the heavy disk harrow and leveling disk harrow. The roughness index of the soil surface decreases exponentially with the increase in the rainfall volume applied under conditions of no tillage without soil cover, conventional tillage, and minimum tillage. The oat and maize crop residue present on the soil surface is effective in maintaining the roughness of the soil surface under no-tillage.

scholarly journals Influence of Tillage Method on Management ofAmaranthusSpecies in Soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Farmer ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
Lawrence E. Steckel ◽  
William G. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Herbicide Programs

A field study was conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee, Wisconsin, and Missouri to determine the effects of tillage system and herbicide program on season-long emergence ofAmaranthusspecies in glufosinate-resistant soybean. The tillage systems evaluated were deep tillage (fall moldboard plow followed by (fb) one pass with a field cultivator in the spring), conventional tillage (fall chisel plow fb one pass with a field cultivator in the spring), minimum tillage (one pass of a vertical tillage tool in the spring), and no-tillage (PRE application of paraquat). Each tillage system also received one of two herbicide programs; PRE application of flumioxazin (0.09 kg ai ha–1) fb a POST application of glufosinate (0.59 kg ai ha−1) plusS-metolachlor (1.39 kg ai ha–1), or POST-only applications of glufosinate (0.59 kg ha−1). The deep tillage system resulted in a 62, 67, and 73% reduction inAmaranthusemergence when compared to the conventional, minimum, and no-tillage systems, respectively. The residual herbicide program also resulted in an 87% reduction inAmaranthusspecies emergence compared to the POST-only program. The deep tillage system, combined with the residual program, resulted in a 97% reduction inAmaranthusspecies emergence when compared to the minimum tillage system combined with the POST-only program, which had the highestAmaranthusemergence. Soil cores taken prior to planting and herbicide application revealed that only 28% of theAmaranthusseed in the deep tillage system was placed within the top 5-cm of the soil profile compared to 79, 81, and 77% in the conventional, minimum, and no-tillage systems. Overall, the use of deep tillage with a residual herbicide program provided the greatest reduction inAmaranthusspecies emergence, thus providing a useful tool in managing herbicide-resistantAmaranthusspecies where appropriate.

scholarly journals Intercepted solar radiation by maize crops subjected to different tillage systems and water availability levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1331-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homero Bergamaschi ◽  
Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽  
João Ito Bergonci ◽  
Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi Krüger ◽  
Bruna Maria Machado Heckler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Crop Cycle

The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) interception efficiency and PPFD extinction coefficient for maize crop subjected to different soil tillage systems and water availability levels. Crops were subjected to no-tillage and conventional tillage systems combined with full irrigation and non-irrigation treatments. Continuous measurements of transmitted PPFD on the soil surface and incoming PPFD over the canopy were taken throughout the crop cycle. Leaf area index and soil water potential were also measured during the whole period. Considering a mean value over the maize cycle, intercepted PPFD was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system. During the initial stages of plants, intercepted PPFD in the conventional tillage was double the PPFD interception in the no-tillage treatment. However, those differences were reduced up to the maximum leaf area index, close to tasseling stage. The lowest interception of PPFD occurred in the conventional tillage during the reproductive period, as leaf senescence progressed. Over the entire crop cycle, the interception of PPFD by the non-irrigated plants was about 20% lower than by the irrigated plants. The no-tillage system reduced the extinction coefficient for PPFD, which may have allowed a higher penetration of solar radiation into the canopy

Weed seedbank response to crop rotation and tillage in semiarid agroecosystems

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dorado ◽  
J. P. Del Monte ◽  
C. López-Fando
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In a semiarid Mediterranean site in central Spain, field experiments were conducted on a Calcic Haploxeralf (noncalcic brown soil), which had been managed with three crop rotations and two tillage systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage) since 1987. The crop rotations consisted of barley→vetch, barley→sunflower, and a barley monoculture. The study took place in two growing seasons (1992–1994) to assess the effects of management practices on the weed seedbank. During this period, spring weed control was not carried out in winter crops. In the no-tillage system, there was a significant increase in the number of seeds of different weed species: anacyclus, common purslane, corn poppy, knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, spring whitlowgrass, tumble pigweed, venus-comb, andVeronica triphyllos.Conversely, the presence of prostrate knotweed and wild radish was highest in plots under conventional tillage. These results suggest large differences in the weed seedbank as a consequence of different soil conditions among tillage systems, but also the necessity of spring weed control when a no-tillage system is used. With regard to crop rotations, the number of seeds of knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, and spring whitlowgrass was greater in the plots under the barley→vetch rotation. Common lambsquarters dominated in the plots under the barley→sunflower rotation, whereas venus-comb was the most frequent weed in the barley monoculture. Larger and more diverse weed populations developed in the barley→vetch rotation rather than in the barley→sunflower rotation or the barley monoculture.

Effect of tillage practices on the fate of hard seeds of subterranean clover in a ley farming system

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Tillage Treatment ◽  
Clover Seed

In a rotation of 1 year pasture/l year crop, a subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Daliak) pasture was either left untilled or subjected to minimum or conventional tillage. One set of tillage treatments was imposed in each ofthree crop years while another set of treatments was imposed in only the first crop year. Regenerating clover plants were prevented from setting seed. In the first crop, 44% of the clover seeds were buried below 2 cm of soil by minimum tillage; this proportion was 65% in the conventional tillage treatment. In the first pasture regeneration year, seedling densities were highest in the no-tillage treatment. Conversely, there were more residual seeds in the tilled treatments and, in the second and third pasture regeneration years, this led to higher seedling densities than in the no-tillage treatment. The effects of tillage were more marked in the conventional than in the minimum-tillage treatment. Clover establishment was improved by repeat tillage operations which returned some of the buried seeds closer to the soil surface. Although more seedlings overall were obtained from the no-tillage treatment, the disadvantage of fewer seedlings in the tilled treatments was offset by the spread of seedling establishment over a number of pasture years. This spread, which would be more marked with harder-seeded cultivars, could be desirable in environments in which clover seed production is unreliable.

scholarly journals Potential Impacts of Soil Tillage System on Isoflavone Concentration of Soybean as Functional Food Ingredients

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Liliana Mureșan ◽  
Doina Clapa ◽  
Orsolya Borsai ◽  
Teodor Rusu ◽  
Thomas T. Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Isoflavone Concentration ◽  
Tillage System

Soybean is an important natural source of isoflavones, but their concentration is likely to be influenced by external factors, such as climatic conditions and soil tillage systems. However, there is minimal information about the effects of such external factors on the isoflavone concentration in soybeans grown in Europe. Therefore, in this study, field experiments were established in Romania to investigate the potential impacts of three different soil tillage systems—conventional, minimum tillage and no-tillage—on crop yields and the isoflavone concentration of soybeans for three experimental years, 2014–2016. Our experimental results indicated that the soil tillage systems had little impact on the soybean yields each year. However, the 2016 yield was found to be higher than the 2014 and 2015 yields under all three soil systems. For every experimental year, the higher yield was recorded by the conventional system, followed by the minimum tillage system and no-tillage system under first weed control (weed control two (wct2): S-metolaclor 960 g/L, imazamox 40 g/L and propaquizafop 100 g/L). Likewise, the soil tillage system did not have a significant influence on the total isoflavone concentrations. Nevertheless, we noticed some variations in the individual isoflavone concentration (daidzin, genistin, glycitin, daidzein, genistein) in each year. Altogether, the minimum tillage and no-tillage systems may be employed as a suitable soil tillage system in soybean farming without an impact on the total isoflavone.

Sunflower response to tillage and soil residual nitrogen in a wheat - sunflower rotation under rainfed Mediterranean conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael J. López-Bellido ◽  
Luis López-Bellido ◽  
Juan E. Castillo ◽  
Francisco J. López-Bellido
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Residual N ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions ◽  
Plot Design

A field study was carried out to determine the effects of tillage systems on sunflower yield over 9 years, and the effects of tillage systems and residual N on sunflower yield and yield components over 4 years, in a wheat–sunflower rotation under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Tillage treatments included no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Nitrogen fertiliser rates were 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N/ha, applied only to wheat. A split-plot design with 4 replications was used. The weather had a marked influence on sunflower biomass and seed yield. Rainfall over October–May was directly related to seed yield. In contrast, seed oil content was inversely related to mean temperature during the flowering season (June). Sunflower yield displayed no significant reponse to residual N derived from the fertiliser N applied to the preceding wheat crop. The tillage system did not exert a consistent influence on sunflower yield; thus, continuous no-tillage may represent an economically and environmentally viable alternative to conventional tillage for sunflower production under rainfed Mediterranean conditions.

scholarly journals Research Concerning the Influence of Soil Tillage Systems on Weeds Control and Corn Hybrids Yield Cultivated in Southeastern Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Claudiu Chițoi ◽  
Costică Ciontu ◽  
Maria Toader
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weeds Control

Abstract The paper presents the yield results obtained in 2017 for the corn crop grown in the soil and climate conditions of Southern Romania (Calarasi county). The purpose of the research was to analyze the behavior and yield of a range of corn hybrids from different FAO groups: DKC 4590 (FAO 350), PP9911 (FAO 410) and Olt (FAO 430) under different soil tillage systems. The conventional tillage system applied was plowing at 20 and 30 cm, while scarifying at 30 and 40 cm and Tiger 3 MT at 20 and 30 cm were used for the minimum tillage system. The average yield of the three hybrids analyzed was 8,130.3 kg/ha in the conventional tillage system (plowing at 20 and 30 cm) with mechanical weeding, while for the conventional tillage system without mechanical weeding the yield was 7,682.2 kg/ha. The minimum tillage variants (scarifying and Tiger 3 MT) recorded an average yield of 6,746.4 kg/ha when mechanical weeding was applied and 6,474.9 kg/ha for the variants without mechanical weeding. Regarding the degree of weeding by tillage system, in the conventional tillage system (plowing at 20 and 30 cm) with mechanical weeding the number of weeds was 4.2 plants/m2 and 9.3 plants/m2 for the variants without mechanical weeding. The minimum tillage variants (scarifying and Tiger 3 MT) recorded 12.8 weeds/m2 when mechanical weeding was applied and 16.2 weeds/m2 for the variants without mechanical weeding.

scholarly journals PRODUTIVIDADE DO MILHO IRRIGADO NA REGIÃO DO ARENITO CAIUÁ NO NOROESTE DO PARANÁ

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-480
Author(s):  
Giuliani Do Prado ◽  
Adriano Catossi Tinos ◽  
Denise Mahl ◽  
Rafael de Almeida Schiavon
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
E Mail

Produtividade do milho irrigado na região do Arenito Caiuá no Noroeste do Paraná     Giuliani do Prado1; Adriano Catossi Tinos1; denise mahl1 e rafael de almeida schiavon1   1 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - DEA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Rodovia PR 482, km 45, CEP: 87.820-000, Cidade Gaúcha-PR, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected].     1 RESUMO   Este trabalho foi desenvolvido na Universidade Estadual de Maringá, em Cidade Gaúcha/PR, e objetivou avaliar a produtividade da variedade de milho IPR-164, em diferentes sistemas de cultivo e lâminas de irrigação. O experimento, conduzido entre 01/10/2019 a 10/02/2020, foi estabelecido em faixas, com parcelas subdivididas, quatro repetições e dois tratamentos (sistemas de cultivo e lâminas de irrigação). Nas parcelas, os sistemas de cultivo foram: semeadura convencional e semeadura direta. Nas subparcelas, as lâminas de irrigação (percentual da lâmina líquida - %IL) foram: 0, 30, 63, 100 e 193%. Após a colheita, a produtividade de espigas (com e sem palha) e de grãos na umidade de 20,5 e 13% foram avaliadas. Os resultados mostraram que: 1) o sistema de cultivo não influenciou na produtividade; 2) a produtividade respondeu de forma quadrática às lâminas de irrigação; 3) lâminas próximas a 100% da IL resultaram em produtividades máximas e; 4) a sensibilidade ao déficit hídrico promoveu decréscimos de 20,4% na produtividade. Quando o custo do milímetro de água for 10 vezes maior que o custo do quilograma do milho (umidade 13%), economicamente é mais viável produzir 7.957 kg ha-1 com 60% da IL do que alcançar a produtividade máxima (8.283 kg ha-1).   Palavras-chave: lâminas de irrigação, sistemas de cultivo, déficit hídrico.     Prado, G; Tinos, A. C.; mahl, D; schiavon, R. A. Irrigated corn yield at the Arenito Caiuá region in Northwest of Paraná State, Brazil     2 ABSTRACT   This work was performed at Universidade Estadual de Maringá, in Cidade Gaúcha/PR city, Brazil, and aimed to evaluate the corn variety IPR-164 yield, in different tillage systems and irrigation depths. The experiment, carried out from 10/01/2019 to 10/02/2020, was set in strips design, with subdivided plots, four replications, and two treatments (tillage systems and irrigation depths). In the plots, the tillage systems were: conventional-tillage and no-tillage. In the subplots, the irrigation depths (percentage of the net irrigation depth - %NID), were: 0, 30, 63, 100, and 193%. After harvesting, the data corn ear yield (in-husk and unhusked) and the grain yield with the moisture of 20.5 and 13% were evaluated. The results showed that: 1) the tillage system did not influence the corn yield; 2) corn yield presented a quadratic response to the irrigation depths; 3) irrigation depths close to 100% of NID provided maximum yield; 4) the sensitivity to water deficit led to a 20.4% decrease in corn yield. When the millimeter water cost is 10 times greater than the corn kilogram cost (moisture 13%), it is economically more profitable to produce 7,957 kg ha-1 with 60% of NID than to reach  the maximum yield (8,283 kg ha-1).   Keywords: irrigation depths, tillage systems, water deficit.

scholarly journals Weed Seedbank Community Composition in a 35-Year-Old Tillage and Rotation Experiment

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 845C-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Marie Sosnoskie* ◽  
John Cardina ◽  
Catherine Papp Herms ◽  
Matthew Kleinhenz
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Species Number ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
Long Term Study

Community composition of the soil seedbank were characterized 35 years after the implementation of a long-term study involving cropping sequences (continuous corn, corn-soybean, corn-oat-hay) and tillage systems (conventional-, minimum- and no-tillage). Germinable seeds within the top 10 cm of soil in early spring were identified and enumerated in 1997, 1998 and 1999. Species diversity, which was characterized by richness (S), evenness (E) and the Shannon-Weiner index (H'), was significantly influenced by crop rotation rather than tillage. Generally, diversity measures were greatest in the corn-oat-hay sequences as compared to the corn-soybean rotations and the corn monoculture. Species richness and H' typically declined with increasing soil disturbance (no-tillage > minimum-tillage > conventional-tillage), whereas E increased with more intense tillage. A synthetic importance value (RI), incorporating both density and frequency measures, was generated for each species in each plot. Multiresponse permutation procedures (MRPP) were used to examine differences in weed community composition with respect to management system for all three years. Results suggest that the weed seed community in a corn-oat-hay rotational system differs substantially, in structure and composition, from communities associated with continuous corn and corn-soybean systems. No tillage systems were significantly different in composition as compared to conventional tillage and minimum tillage treatments. Crop sequence and tillage system are important cultural methods of shifting weed species number and diversity, and therefore, community structure. Manipulation of these factors could help to reduce the negative impact of weeds on crop production.

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