Influence of Tillage Method on Management ofAmaranthusSpecies in Soybean

A field study was conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee, Wisconsin, and Missouri to determine the effects of tillage system and herbicide program on season-long emergence ofAmaranthusspecies in glufosinate-resistant soybean. The tillage systems evaluated were deep tillage (fall moldboard plow followed by (fb) one pass with a field cultivator in the spring), conventional tillage (fall chisel plow fb one pass with a field cultivator in the spring), minimum tillage (one pass of a vertical tillage tool in the spring), and no-tillage (PRE application of paraquat). Each tillage system also received one of two herbicide programs; PRE application of flumioxazin (0.09 kg ai ha–1) fb a POST application of glufosinate (0.59 kg ai ha−1) plusS-metolachlor (1.39 kg ai ha–1), or POST-only applications of glufosinate (0.59 kg ha−1). The deep tillage system resulted in a 62, 67, and 73% reduction inAmaranthusemergence when compared to the conventional, minimum, and no-tillage systems, respectively. The residual herbicide program also resulted in an 87% reduction inAmaranthusspecies emergence compared to the POST-only program. The deep tillage system, combined with the residual program, resulted in a 97% reduction inAmaranthusspecies emergence when compared to the minimum tillage system combined with the POST-only program, which had the highestAmaranthusemergence. Soil cores taken prior to planting and herbicide application revealed that only 28% of theAmaranthusseed in the deep tillage system was placed within the top 5-cm of the soil profile compared to 79, 81, and 77% in the conventional, minimum, and no-tillage systems. Overall, the use of deep tillage with a residual herbicide program provided the greatest reduction inAmaranthusspecies emergence, thus providing a useful tool in managing herbicide-resistantAmaranthusspecies where appropriate.

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Effect of tillage system and crop sequence on irrigated sugarbeet production

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p03-170 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 739-747 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. R. Moyer ◽

J. Nitschelm ◽

P. Regitnig ◽

R. E. Blackshaw ◽

H. C. Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Erosion ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Plant Residue ◽

No Tillage ◽

Dry Beans ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Minimum Tillage ◽

Tillage System

Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) are grown on intensively tilled-irrigated land in southern Alberta, which is subject to soil erosion by wind. Experiments were conducted on commercial fields near Burdett, AB, to determine the effect of the tillage system and previous crops on sugarbeet production. The previous crops were dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) and the tillage systems were conventional (moldboard plow, vibrashank cultivator, harrow, packer), minimum (double disc, self-cleaning harrow, glyphosate) or no tillage (glyphosate). After dry beans, sugarbeet fresh weight and extractable sugar yields were similar with all tillage systems. All of the tillage systems left less than 100 g m-2 of plant residue on the soil surface in the spring following dry beans, which is insufficient to protect the soil from wind erosion. After wheat, sugarbeet yields were similar with minimum and conventional tillage but lower with no tillage. Both minimum and no-tillage systems left sufficient plant residue on the soil surface to protect the soil from erosion (> 200 g m-2). Sugarbeet stand density following wheat was lower with no tillage than conventional or minimum tillage, reflecting poor seed placement and daily maximum soil temperature (5 cm depth) of up to 10°C lower under no tillage than conventional tillage. After wheat, there was a trend toward lower densities of hard-seeded annuals, such as redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), after no tillage than conventional tillage. Of the cropping systems tested in this study, only the minimum tillage system after wheat provided optimum sugarbeet yield and left enough plant residue to protect the soil from wind erosion. Key words: Crop rotation, bean, wheat, sugarbeet, no-tillage

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Herbicide Programs in No-Tillage and Conventional-Tillage Soybeans (Glycine max) Double Cropped After Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500057313 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 255-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Barry D. Sims ◽

David R. Guethle

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Mississippi River ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Weed Species ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Tillage System ◽

Preemergence Herbicides ◽

Herbicide Programs ◽

Large Crabgrass

Postemergence and commonly used preemergence plus postemergence herbicide programs were evaluated for weed control in conventional and no-tillage soybeans double cropped after winter wheat in the northern Mississippi River Delta. Broadleaf weed species present varied with tillage, location, and year. Large crabgrass was present in both tillage systems for all locations and years. Conventional tillage usually resulted in higher densities of large crabgrass, common cocklebur, and smooth pigweed. Soil-applied preemergence herbicides alone did not provide season-long ivyleaf and entireleaf morningglory or common cocklebur control in either tillage system. For weed control and soybean yields comparable to weed-free controls, postemergence broadleaf herbicides were required in both tillage systems following the soil-applied herbicide programs, alachlor plus linuron and alachlor plus metribuzin. Postemergence herbicide programs provided excellent season-long annual grass and broadleaf weed control when sethoxydim was applied separately from the broadleaf herbicides. Antagonism of large crabgrass control resulted when sethoxydim was tank mixed with postemergence broadleaf herbicides, compared to separate applications of the postemergence grass and broadleaf herbicides. In three out of four studies, soybean yields in handweeded controls were similar between tillage systems.

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Intercepted solar radiation by maize crops subjected to different tillage systems and water availability levels

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2010001200001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 1331-1341 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Homero Bergamaschi ◽

Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽

João Ito Bergonci ◽

Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi Krüger ◽

Bruna Maria Machado Heckler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Extinction Coefficient ◽

Water Availability ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Area Index ◽

Tillage System ◽

Crop Cycle

The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) interception efficiency and PPFD extinction coefficient for maize crop subjected to different soil tillage systems and water availability levels. Crops were subjected to no-tillage and conventional tillage systems combined with full irrigation and non-irrigation treatments. Continuous measurements of transmitted PPFD on the soil surface and incoming PPFD over the canopy were taken throughout the crop cycle. Leaf area index and soil water potential were also measured during the whole period. Considering a mean value over the maize cycle, intercepted PPFD was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system. During the initial stages of plants, intercepted PPFD in the conventional tillage was double the PPFD interception in the no-tillage treatment. However, those differences were reduced up to the maximum leaf area index, close to tasseling stage. The lowest interception of PPFD occurred in the conventional tillage during the reproductive period, as leaf senescence progressed. Over the entire crop cycle, the interception of PPFD by the non-irrigated plants was about 20% lower than by the irrigated plants. The no-tillage system reduced the extinction coefficient for PPFD, which may have allowed a higher penetration of solar radiation into the canopy

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Weed seedbank response to crop rotation and tillage in semiarid agroecosystems

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500090676 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 67-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

J. Dorado ◽

J. P. Del Monte ◽

C. López-Fando

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Mouse Ear ◽

Tillage System ◽

Number Of Seeds

In a semiarid Mediterranean site in central Spain, field experiments were conducted on a Calcic Haploxeralf (noncalcic brown soil), which had been managed with three crop rotations and two tillage systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage) since 1987. The crop rotations consisted of barley→vetch, barley→sunflower, and a barley monoculture. The study took place in two growing seasons (1992–1994) to assess the effects of management practices on the weed seedbank. During this period, spring weed control was not carried out in winter crops. In the no-tillage system, there was a significant increase in the number of seeds of different weed species: anacyclus, common purslane, corn poppy, knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, spring whitlowgrass, tumble pigweed, venus-comb, andVeronica triphyllos.Conversely, the presence of prostrate knotweed and wild radish was highest in plots under conventional tillage. These results suggest large differences in the weed seedbank as a consequence of different soil conditions among tillage systems, but also the necessity of spring weed control when a no-tillage system is used. With regard to crop rotations, the number of seeds of knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, and spring whitlowgrass was greater in the plots under the barley→vetch rotation. Common lambsquarters dominated in the plots under the barley→sunflower rotation, whereas venus-comb was the most frequent weed in the barley monoculture. Larger and more diverse weed populations developed in the barley→vetch rotation rather than in the barley→sunflower rotation or the barley monoculture.

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Integrating Cereals and Deep Tillage with Herbicide Programs in Glyphosate- and Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean for Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth Management

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-14-00166 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 85-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Holden D. Bell ◽

Jason K. Norsworthy ◽

Robert C. Scott

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Palmer Amaranth ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Deep Tillage ◽

Late Season ◽

Amaranth Seed ◽

Herbicide Programs ◽

Moldboard Plow

A field experiment was conducted at Marianna, AR in 2012 and 2013 to test various combinations of (1) soybean production systems: full-season tillage (rye plus deep tillage using a moldboard plow), full season (no rye plus no tillage), late-season tillage (wheat plus deep tillage), and late season (no wheat plus no tillage); (2) soybean cultivars: glufosinate or glyphosate resistant; and (3) four herbicide programs for management of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. At soybean harvest, Palmer amaranth control was 95 to 100% when flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone was applied PRE. In both years full-season tillage and late-season tillage systems in combination with flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone applied PRE increased Palmer amaranth control over the same systems in the absence of flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone applied PRE. The addition of deep tillage in the form of a moldboard plow to the full-season and late-season systems reduced Palmer amaranth densities at harvest. Similarly, Palmer amaranth seed production was often lower in the full-season tillage and late-season tillage systems compared with the full-season and late-season no-tillage systems, regardless of soybean cultivar and herbicide programs. Overall, the use of deep tillage in the full-season or late-season systems in combination with a PRE application of flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone provided greater control of Palmer amaranth, decreasing both density and seed production and increasing soybean grain yields.

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Leaching of the S-metolachlor herbicide associated with paraquat or glyphosate in a no-tillage system

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632016v4640405 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 254-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anderson Luis Nunes ◽

Ribas Antonio Vidal

Keyword(s):

Management Practice ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Combined Use ◽

Tillage System ◽

Main Plot ◽

Residual Herbicide

ABSTRACT The combined use of desiccant and residual herbicides is a common management practice under no-tillage systems. However, the effect of desiccant herbicides and mulch on the leaching of residual herbicide is unknown. This study aimed at assessing the leaching of the S-metolachlor herbicide applied to ryegrass sequentially or in association with paraquat or glyphosate. A randomized blocks design was used, with four repetitions and treatments distributed over split-plots. The desiccant herbicides paraquat (600 g ha-1) or glyphosate (720 g ha-1) were used in the main plot, while S-metolachlor (2,800 g ha-1) was applied sequentially or in association with the desiccant herbicides in the subplots. There was also a control containing only desiccant herbicide, with no application of residual herbicide. The type of desiccant did not affect the leaching of the residual herbicide. In addition, the chosen method to apply the residual herbicide, sequentially or in association with the desiccant, did not impact the S-metolachlor behavior in the soil. The bioavailable concentration in the soil, 25 days after the application, was 90 g a.i. ha-1, at a depth of 18 cm.

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Potential Impacts of Soil Tillage System on Isoflavone Concentration of Soybean as Functional Food Ingredients

Land ◽

10.3390/land9100386 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 386

Author(s):

Liliana Mureșan ◽

Doina Clapa ◽

Orsolya Borsai ◽

Teodor Rusu ◽

Thomas T. Y. Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Field Experiments ◽

External Factors ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Minimum Tillage ◽

Isoflavone Concentration ◽

Tillage System

Soybean is an important natural source of isoflavones, but their concentration is likely to be influenced by external factors, such as climatic conditions and soil tillage systems. However, there is minimal information about the effects of such external factors on the isoflavone concentration in soybeans grown in Europe. Therefore, in this study, field experiments were established in Romania to investigate the potential impacts of three different soil tillage systems—conventional, minimum tillage and no-tillage—on crop yields and the isoflavone concentration of soybeans for three experimental years, 2014–2016. Our experimental results indicated that the soil tillage systems had little impact on the soybean yields each year. However, the 2016 yield was found to be higher than the 2014 and 2015 yields under all three soil systems. For every experimental year, the higher yield was recorded by the conventional system, followed by the minimum tillage system and no-tillage system under first weed control (weed control two (wct2): S-metolaclor 960 g/L, imazamox 40 g/L and propaquizafop 100 g/L). Likewise, the soil tillage system did not have a significant influence on the total isoflavone concentrations. Nevertheless, we noticed some variations in the individual isoflavone concentration (daidzin, genistin, glycitin, daidzein, genistein) in each year. Altogether, the minimum tillage and no-tillage systems may be employed as a suitable soil tillage system in soybean farming without an impact on the total isoflavone.

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Sunflower response to tillage and soil residual nitrogen in a wheat - sunflower rotation under rainfed Mediterranean conditions

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar01142 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 53 (9) ◽

pp. 1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rafael J. López-Bellido ◽

Luis López-Bellido ◽

Juan E. Castillo ◽

Francisco J. López-Bellido

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Flowering Season ◽

Residual N ◽

Tillage System ◽

Mediterranean Conditions ◽

Plot Design

A field study was carried out to determine the effects of tillage systems on sunflower yield over 9 years, and the effects of tillage systems and residual N on sunflower yield and yield components over 4 years, in a wheat–sunflower rotation under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Tillage treatments included no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Nitrogen fertiliser rates were 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N/ha, applied only to wheat. A split-plot design with 4 replications was used. The weather had a marked influence on sunflower biomass and seed yield. Rainfall over October–May was directly related to seed yield. In contrast, seed oil content was inversely related to mean temperature during the flowering season (June). Sunflower yield displayed no significant reponse to residual N derived from the fertiliser N applied to the preceding wheat crop. The tillage system did not exert a consistent influence on sunflower yield; thus, continuous no-tillage may represent an economically and environmentally viable alternative to conventional tillage for sunflower production under rainfed Mediterranean conditions.

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Research Concerning the Influence of Soil Tillage Systems on Weeds Control and Corn Hybrids Yield Cultivated in Southeastern Romania

“Agriculture for Life Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings ◽

10.2478/alife-2018-0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 40-44

Author(s):

Claudiu Chițoi ◽

Costică Ciontu ◽

Maria Toader

Keyword(s):

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Average Yield ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Minimum Tillage ◽

Corn Crop ◽

Tillage System ◽

Weeds Control

Abstract The paper presents the yield results obtained in 2017 for the corn crop grown in the soil and climate conditions of Southern Romania (Calarasi county). The purpose of the research was to analyze the behavior and yield of a range of corn hybrids from different FAO groups: DKC 4590 (FAO 350), PP9911 (FAO 410) and Olt (FAO 430) under different soil tillage systems. The conventional tillage system applied was plowing at 20 and 30 cm, while scarifying at 30 and 40 cm and Tiger 3 MT at 20 and 30 cm were used for the minimum tillage system. The average yield of the three hybrids analyzed was 8,130.3 kg/ha in the conventional tillage system (plowing at 20 and 30 cm) with mechanical weeding, while for the conventional tillage system without mechanical weeding the yield was 7,682.2 kg/ha. The minimum tillage variants (scarifying and Tiger 3 MT) recorded an average yield of 6,746.4 kg/ha when mechanical weeding was applied and 6,474.9 kg/ha for the variants without mechanical weeding. Regarding the degree of weeding by tillage system, in the conventional tillage system (plowing at 20 and 30 cm) with mechanical weeding the number of weeds was 4.2 plants/m2 and 9.3 plants/m2 for the variants without mechanical weeding. The minimum tillage variants (scarifying and Tiger 3 MT) recorded 12.8 weeds/m2 when mechanical weeding was applied and 16.2 weeds/m2 for the variants without mechanical weeding.

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PRODUTIVIDADE DO MILHO IRRIGADO NA REGIÃO DO ARENITO CAIUÁ NO NOROESTE DO PARANÁ

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2020v25n3p465-480 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 465-480

Author(s):

Giuliani Do Prado ◽

Adriano Catossi Tinos ◽

Denise Mahl ◽

Rafael de Almeida Schiavon

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Corn Yield ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Tillage System ◽

Irrigation Depth ◽

Quadratic Response ◽

E Mail

Produtividade do milho irrigado na região do Arenito Caiuá no Noroeste do Paraná Giuliani do Prado1; Adriano Catossi Tinos1; denise mahl1 e rafael de almeida schiavon1 1 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - DEA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Rodovia PR 482, km 45, CEP: 87.820-000, Cidade Gaúcha-PR, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. 1 RESUMO Este trabalho foi desenvolvido na Universidade Estadual de Maringá, em Cidade Gaúcha/PR, e objetivou avaliar a produtividade da variedade de milho IPR-164, em diferentes sistemas de cultivo e lâminas de irrigação. O experimento, conduzido entre 01/10/2019 a 10/02/2020, foi estabelecido em faixas, com parcelas subdivididas, quatro repetições e dois tratamentos (sistemas de cultivo e lâminas de irrigação). Nas parcelas, os sistemas de cultivo foram: semeadura convencional e semeadura direta. Nas subparcelas, as lâminas de irrigação (percentual da lâmina líquida - %IL) foram: 0, 30, 63, 100 e 193%. Após a colheita, a produtividade de espigas (com e sem palha) e de grãos na umidade de 20,5 e 13% foram avaliadas. Os resultados mostraram que: 1) o sistema de cultivo não influenciou na produtividade; 2) a produtividade respondeu de forma quadrática às lâminas de irrigação; 3) lâminas próximas a 100% da IL resultaram em produtividades máximas e; 4) a sensibilidade ao déficit hídrico promoveu decréscimos de 20,4% na produtividade. Quando o custo do milímetro de água for 10 vezes maior que o custo do quilograma do milho (umidade 13%), economicamente é mais viável produzir 7.957 kg ha-1 com 60% da IL do que alcançar a produtividade máxima (8.283 kg ha-1). Palavras-chave: lâminas de irrigação, sistemas de cultivo, déficit hídrico. Prado, G; Tinos, A. C.; mahl, D; schiavon, R. A. Irrigated corn yield at the Arenito Caiuá region in Northwest of Paraná State, Brazil 2 ABSTRACT This work was performed at Universidade Estadual de Maringá, in Cidade Gaúcha/PR city, Brazil, and aimed to evaluate the corn variety IPR-164 yield, in different tillage systems and irrigation depths. The experiment, carried out from 10/01/2019 to 10/02/2020, was set in strips design, with subdivided plots, four replications, and two treatments (tillage systems and irrigation depths). In the plots, the tillage systems were: conventional-tillage and no-tillage. In the subplots, the irrigation depths (percentage of the net irrigation depth - %NID), were: 0, 30, 63, 100, and 193%. After harvesting, the data corn ear yield (in-husk and unhusked) and the grain yield with the moisture of 20.5 and 13% were evaluated. The results showed that: 1) the tillage system did not influence the corn yield; 2) corn yield presented a quadratic response to the irrigation depths; 3) irrigation depths close to 100% of NID provided maximum yield; 4) the sensitivity to water deficit led to a 20.4% decrease in corn yield. When the millimeter water cost is 10 times greater than the corn kilogram cost (moisture 13%), it is economically more profitable to produce 7,957 kg ha-1 with 60% of NID than to reach the maximum yield (8,283 kg ha-1). Keywords: irrigation depths, tillage systems, water deficit.

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