Crop density and seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). 2. Reproductive components and seed characteristics

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Characteristics

The population density and spatial arrangement of plants may influence the productive life and performance characteristics of a perennial grass-seed crop. A study was conducted to determine the effects of the initial density (1.6, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 plants m−2) and row spacing (20, 40, and 80 cm) of plants on reproductive yield components and seed characteristics of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber), over 3 consecutive production years (1991–1993) in the Peace region of Canada. The weight proportion of cleaned-to-uncleaned seed was 85–86% for the three lowest plant densities and then decreased, as density increased, to 82% at 12.5 plants m−2 and 66% at 100 plants m−2. The 1000-seed weight decreased as density increased and ranged from 1.68 to 2.22 g (i.e., 595 000 to 450 000 seeds kg−1). The specific seed weight ranged from 18 to 31 kg hL−1; it differed among years, but the effect of plant density was inconsistent. The germination capacity of the seed was unaffected by plant density, but differed among years; it averaged 87%, 88% and 59% in 1991, 1992 and 1993, respectively. The seed yield/plant, the number of panicles/plant, and the number of seeds/plant decreased exponentially as plant density increased. The number of clean seeds/panicle decreased, as plant density increased, in the first year but was less affected subsequently, particularly with the 20-cm row spacing. The seed yield was correlated closely with the number of panicles m−2 (r = 0.659***). An initial density no greater than 25 plants m−2 in rows spaced 20–40 cm apart enhanced seed quality by producing a greater proportion of clean seed which had a higher 1000-seed weight. Such a plant density, however, is at the low end of the optimum range for maximizing seed yield per unit land area. Key words: Tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreber, population density, plant and row spacing, yield components, seed quality

scholarly journals Crop density and seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). 1. Yield and plant development

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Crop Density

A field study was conducted with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber) to determine the effect of the initial population density and spatial arrangement of plants on crop development and seed yield. Individual seedling plants were transplanted at seven densities (1.6, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 plants m−2) and three row spacings (20, 40, and 80 cm), and characteristics of seed production were determined for 3 yr (1991–1993). Over the 3 yr, heading commenced at dates differing by 15 d and was delayed, as density increased, by 8, 6, and 2 d, respectively, in the first, second, and third production years. The time of seed maturity differed among years (21 July to 4 August) but was generally unaffected by density or row spacing. In the first production year, seed yield increased with density up to 25 plants m−2 for each row spacing, then remained constant to at least 50 plants m−2 with both 20- or 40-cm rows; it decreased slightly at 100 plants m−2 with 20 cm rows. In the second production year, seed yield was relatively independent of plant density except that it decreased when the initial density was less than 6 plants m−2 with a row spacing of 80 cm, and tended to be greatest with the 40-cm row spacing at 6–25 plants m−2. In the third production year, seed yield was much lower than in the previous 2 yr but the pattern of response to the density and row spacing treatments was similar to that in the second production year. The seed yield of tall fescue can be optimized for at least 3 consecutive years by establishing an initial density of 20–100 plants m−2 in rows spaced 20–60 cm apart. If the maximization of first-year seed yield is a priority, then the initial establishment should be at a density of 25–50 plants m−2 in rows spaced 20–40 cm apart. Key words: Tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreber, population density, plant spacing, seed production

Crop density and seed production of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra). 2. Reproductive components and seed characteristics

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
First Year ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The natural growth habit of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra) involves a steady proliferation of tillers which eventually become too dense to form seedheads. The effects of the initial density (1.6, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 plants m−2) and row spacing (20, 40 and 80 cm) on reproductive components and seed characteristics of red fescue were studied in a northerly environment for three production years (1991–1993) The weight proportion of cleaned to uncleaned seed decreased as density increased, from 82% at 1.6 plants m−2 to 60% at 100 plants m−2. The thousand-seed weight was 1.20–1.54 g (i.e., 830 000–650 000 seeds kg−1) and decreased as density increased. The specific seed weight was 16–25 kg hL−1; it differed among years and decreased as density increased. The germination capacity of the seed was unaffected by density but differed among years, averaging 87, 92 and 69% in the three consecutive production years. The seed yield per plant, the number of seedheads per plant, and the number of seeds per plant decreased exponentially as the density increased. The number of seeds per seedhead decreased as density increased in the first year but was less affected subsequently, except in the third year at 50 and 100 plants m−2 on 20-cm rows, when no seeds were matured. The seed yield was correlated closely with the number of seedheads per square metre, which increased with density in the first year but decreased as density increased in the two subsequent years. A relatively high density of well-spaced plants is required at establishment to optimize seedhead formation in the first crop but is detrimental to seedhead formation and seed yield subsequently. Key words: Red fescue; Festuca rubra var. rubra, population density, plant and row spacing, yield components, seed quality

scholarly journals Effect of Row Spacing on Seed Yield, Yield Components and Seed Quality of Alfalfa

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Dragoljub Beković ◽  
Rade Stanisavljević ◽  
Milan Biberdžić ◽  
Slaviša Stojković ◽  
Jasmina Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

Under agro-environmental conditions of Southern Serbia, the re­search was conducted over a three-year period to evaluate the effect of row spacing on seed yield, yield components and seed quality of alfalfa cv. ’K-23’. The average seed yield of alfalfa was highest at a row spacing of 40 cm (271.7 kg ha-1), followed by row spacing of 20 cm (249.4 kg ha-1) and 60 cm (244.0 kg ha-1). The highest and lowest number of inflo­rescences per stem were obtained in rows spaced 60 cm (13.37 inflo­rescences/stem) and 20 cm apart (8.57 inflorescences/stem), respectively. The widest row spacing of 60 cm (7.15 pods / inflorescence) resulted in the highest number of pods per inflorescence, whereas the lowest number was produced at 20 cm spacing (5.50 pods / inflorescence). Grain number per pod ranged from 3.55 (at 20 cm row spacing) to 4.05 (at 60 cm). The highest quality of alfalfa seed during the three years of the research was obtained at the widest row spacing (60 cm). Thousand-seed weight was highest at 60 cm and lowest at 20 cm (1.97 g and 2.07 g, respectively). The highest average values for seed germination rate were reported for 60 cm row spa­cing (88.00%) and the lowest for 20 cm row spacing (85.76 %).

scholarly journals Effects of seed rates and row spacing on yield and yield components of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L) at Dabat district of North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Daniel Tadesse ◽  
Yenus Ousman ◽  
Mequanint Teshome
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

The area coverage and productivity of linseed decreased from time to time; even there is no crop package and recommended row spacing and seed rate at regional level due to lack of attention by researchers and also by farmers. In Ethiopia, linseed has been cultivated for two primary purposes, seed and oil use. Its production in Ethiopia country is characterized by low input, low yield and poor product quality mainly due to attitude and poor management practices such as lack of proper weed management system, poor seed and field hygiene, poor seed bed preparation, inadequate plant nutrition, inappropriate seeding rate and spacing (mostly broad casting), improper threshing ground and improper cleaning. Field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of seed rate and row spacing on the yield and yield components of linseed, during 2017/2018 cropping season at Dabat district, North Western Ethiopia. KULUMSA1 (CHILALO) was used as test crop. Factorial combinations of three row spacing, (20, 25, and 30 cm) and three seed rates, (40, 45 and 50kgs) were laid out in RCBD with three replications.  Data regarding different parameters were recorded from days to sowing up to different stages. Statistical analysis of data showed that most of the parameters were affected by the main effects of Seed Rates and Row spacing. The main effect of seed rate was highly significant for days maturity, thousand seed weight and harvest index of linseed. More over it was significant for days to flower and number of capsule per plant, but it was not significant to plant height and bio mass yield. The main effect of row spacing was significant for days to maturity. The interaction of seed rate and row spacing was highly significance (p<0.05) for number of primarily branch per plant and seed yield. It was not significant on number of seeds per capsule, number of capsule per plant and thousand seed weight. The main finding of this research is highest seed yield (1771 kg ha-1 ) was obtained at 40kg ha-1 x 25 cm of row spacing while the lowest seed yield (752kg ha-1) was recorded at 50 kg ha-1 x 30 cm. 40kg ha-1 and 25cm is recommended to increase yield of linseed and its components. In conclusion the effect of seed rate and row spacing affects the important yield components of linseed.

Interrelationships among yield components of chickpea in semiarid environments

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. T. Gan ◽  
P. H. Liu ◽  
F. C. Stevenson ◽  
C. L. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Negative Effect

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed yield can be increased by identifying and managing the key yield components. A field study was conducted in southwestern Saskatchewan in 1999 and 2000 to determine the direct and indirect effects of various yield components on chickpea seed yield . Both desi- and kabuli-chickpea were planted at the target plant populations of 20, 30, 40, and 50 plants m-2 on conventional summerfallow (CS) and no-till wheat stubble (NT). Path coefficient analyses revealed that seed yield for both chickpea classes largely depended upon pods m-2 and seed weight, with the kabuli crop having higher coefficient values than the desi. These relationships were stronger when the pulses were grown on CS than on NT. Seeds pod-1 had a negative effect on seed yield for the kabuli crop, but this negative effect was counterbalanced by a strong, positive effect of seed weight on seed yield. The total pod production of the desi crop depended on plants m-2 more than on pods plant-1, whereas the pod production of the kabuli crop relied equally on plants m-2 and pods plant-1. For both chickpea classes, mean seed weight decreased with prolonged vegetative growth period regardless of tillage environment. Seed weight was positively related to the length of reproductive growth and seeds pod-1 only when the pulses were grown on CS. Seed yield potential of desi chickpea would be increased by increasing plant population to produce more pods per unit area, whereas the seed yield potential of kabuli chickpea would be increased by shortening the period of vegetative growth, promoting the number of pods per plant, and increasing mean seed weight. Key words: Cicer arietinum, yield components, plant density, seed weight, canopy, path analysis

scholarly journals The Optimum Plant Density for Vigorous Seed Production in Safflower

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
İsmail Özaşık ◽  
Mehmet Demir Kaya ◽  
Engin Gökhan Kulan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Vigorous Seed ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Laboratory Emergence

Seed viability and vigor have been influenced by several factors including soil and climatic conditions, plant nutrition, fertilization, irrigation, plant population and post-harvest storages. The study was conducted to determine the appropriate plant density for vigorous seed production in safflower. The effects of row spacing (14 and 28 cm) and seeding rate (40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 seeds m-2) on yield, yield components and seed quality of safflower were detected in the study. The results showed that increased seeding rates resulted in enhanced seed yield and the highest seed yield was obtained from 14 cm and 200 seed m-2 with 3320 kg ha-1. The row spacing and seeding rate did not cause a significant difference in oil and protein contents. Laboratory emergence, germination after accelerated ageing (AA) and electrical conductivity tests were suitable for determining seed quality among the seed lots, while standard germination, cool and cold tests were not appropriate. The highest laboratory emergence percentage and germination after AA were determined in 80 seed m-2 but field emergence percentage in 120 seed m-2. It was concluded that the 14 cm row spacing and seeding rate of 120 seed m-2 should be advised for high yielding seed production regardless of seed vigor in safflower.

scholarly journals Seed production of 'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue in Southland

1990 ◽  
pp. 111-113
Author(s):  
M.J. Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
First Year ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

Roa tall fescue was sown at Gore to study the effects of viable seeding rate (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 kg/ha) and row spacing (30 and 60 cm) on seed yield and seed quality over 3 harvest seasons. In the first year after mid-February sowing, seed yields were low (260 kg/ha), owing to slow establishment and weed competition. The 30-cm row spacing had the highest seed yield in this year, but there were no differences between viable seeding rates. In the second year the highest seed yields (800 kg/ha) were from the viable 2.5 and 5.0 kg/ha seeding rates, but there were no differences between row spacings. In the third year there were no differences in seed yield between viable seeding rates and row spacing. The cool, moist summer conditions had no adverse effect on seed development; seed weights (3.3 g/1000 seeds) were high for all treatments each year. Keywords: 'Grasslands-Roa' tall fescue, seed-yields, seed quality, seed rates, row spacings, lodging

scholarly journals Evaluation of Genotype, Environment, and Management Interactions on Fava Beans under Mediterranean Field Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Mohamed Houssemeddine Sellami ◽  
Antonella Lavini ◽  
Davide Calandrelli ◽  
Giuseppe De Mastro ◽  
Cataldo Pulvento
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Fava Beans ◽  
Total Seed

Faba beans (Vicia faba L.), also known as fava beans, like other crops, are influenced by several factors: their genotype, environment, and management, as well as the interaction between these, have an important impact on seed yielding and seed quality traits. This study was conducted at three locations in South Italy between 2017 and 2019 to evaluate the sowing date effect on yield and yield components of three Vicia faba L., originating from cool climates. The results showed that seed yield (SY) and yield components declined with sowing delay. The crop’s environment (year × site) and management (sowing date) were found to explain 34.01% and 42.95% of the total seed yield variation, respectively. The data showed that the tested genotypes were positively influenced by the environment with sandy loam soil and early winter sowing date, resulting in either a greater number of SY and THS than in the other environment. The three faba bean genotypes showed tolerance to winter frost conditions in the two growing seasons.

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