Effect of tillage and residue management on barley and canola growth and water use efficiency

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Azooz ◽  
M. A. Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Use Efficiency

Residue management and tillage are used to reduce the effect of water deficit or excess on crop production in northwestern Canada. This study was conducted on Donnelly silt loam and sandy loam soils (both Gray Luvisols) to evaluate the effects of conventional tillage (CT), no-tillage (NT) and modified NT (MNT, i.e., NT with 75-mm wide residue-free strip over the planting row) on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and canola (Brassica campestris L.) dry matter accumulation and grain production, water depletion and water use efficiency (WUE) in 1992 and 1993. Infiltration rates (Ic), soil water content, plant dry matter and grain yields were measured. The Ic of the two soils was greater than the rainfall rate (Rr) in both years, suggesting that there was no runoff. In 1992, a dry year, barley grain yields were significantly greater by 16% on the silt loam and by 17% on the sandy loam under MNT as compared with CT. The MNT increased barley grain yield by 3% compared with NT on the silt loam and increased canola grain yield by 12% on the sandy loam soil in 1993, which was a wet year. Dry matter accumulation and grain yield of barley in CT were adversely affected by a prolonged early dry period in 1992. Abundant rainfall slowed barley and canola growth and depressed yield in the NT in 1993. From seeding to harvest in 1992, WUE for barley grain production on the silt loam was greater by 21% in the NT and by 18% in the MNT as compared with the CT, which had a WUE of 5.25 kg ha−1 mm−1; it was greater by 19% in the NT and by 10% in the MNT compared with the CT on the sandy loam soil with a WUE of 5.07 kg ha−1 mm−1. In 1993, NT and MNT had lower WUE, which coincided with lower grain yield as compared with CT. Key words: Infiltration, water depletion, drying rate and drainage

scholarly journals VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND NUTRIENT LEVELS OF LINGONBERRIES GROWN IN FOUR ALASKAN SUBSTRATES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA S. HOLLOWAY ◽  
ROBERT M. VAN VELDHUIZEN ◽  
CECIL STUSHNOFF ◽  
DAVID K. WILDUNG
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Silt Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

Vegetative growth of lingonberries was observed on plants growing in four unsterilized, native-Alaskan substrates: coarsely-ground Lemeta peat, Fairbanks silt loam soil, a mixture of peat and silt loam soil and washed Chena very fine sandy loam soil. Following three growing seasons, plants in the peat treatment showed the greatest increase in vegetative growth as revealed by the number of new stems produced, stem length and dry weight per plant. Leaf size did not differ among substrate treatments. The leaves on plants grown in the peat substrate remained green throughout the entire experiment. The leaves of plants in all other treatments showed varying degrees of chlorosis followed by reddening and necrosis. Differences in concentration of N, P, K, Mn, Fe, Zn and Al in whole-plant tissue samples were recorded. The results indicate lingonberries should be grown in a peat substrate for maximum growth and dry matter accumulation.

Organic Amendment and Soil Type Effects on Dry Matter Accumulation, Grain Yield, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311-1322
Author(s):  
Joseph Ofori ◽  
Akira Kamidouzono ◽  
Tsugiyuki Masunaga ◽  
Toshiyuki Wakatsuki
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Influence of seed rates and levels of NPK fertilizers on dry matter accumulations and yield performance of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-704
Author(s):  
MS Hasan ◽  
MH Rashid ◽  
QA Rahman ◽  
MH Al-Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Flood Plains

A study was carried out in the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Old Brahmaputra Flood Plains Soil (AEZ-9) during December 2001 to April 2002 to find out the effect of seed rates and NPK levels on dry matter accumulation and grain yield of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.). Four seed rates viz., 8,10,12, and 14 kg/ha and five levels of NPK fertilizers viz., N0P0K0, N10P8K5, N20P16K10, N30P24K15, and N40P32K20 were included in a split plot design with three replications. Dry matter accumulation pattern was determined by harvesting 10 plants randomly at 30, 60, 80, and 102 DAS (days after swing). The yield and yield contributing characters of foxtail millet were influenced by seed rates and NPK levels except tillers per plant and 1000-grain weight significantly. Generally its production rate was 0.86 t/ha when it was grown in char lands in sandy loam soils, the highest grain yield (1.62 t/ha) was produced by 10 kg seeds/ha, which was identical with 12 kg seeds/ha. In case of NPK levels, the treatment was N30P24K10. In case of interaction, the treatment combination 12 kg seeds/ha and N30P24K15 produced the highest grain yield (1.77 t/ha. In case of interaction, the treatment combination 12 kg seeds/ha and N,sub>30P24K15/ha gave the highest grain yield. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.19661 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 689-704, December 2013

The effects of salt and boron on growth of wheat

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 987 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Holloway ◽  
AM Alston
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Warigal) was grown in a glasshouse in deep pots (0.125 x 0.125 x 1.2 m) containing sieved solonized brown soil (calcixerollic xerochrept) comprising 0.2 m sandy loam topsoil above 0.6 m treated calcareous sandy loam subsoil and a base layer of light clay 0.26 m thick. The subsoil was treated with a mixture of salts (0, 13, 39, 75 mmolc kg-1) and with boric acid (0, 20, 38 and 73 mg B kg-1) in factorial combination. The soil was initially watered to field capacity and water use was determined by regularly weighing the pots. The soil was allowed to dry gradually during the season, but the weights of the pots were not permitted to fall below that corresponding to 17% of the available water holding capacity of the soil. Tillering, dry weight of shoots and grain, and root length density were determined. Water-use efficiency was calculated with respect to total dry weight and grain production. Salt decreased tillering, dry matter production, grain yield, root length and water-use efficiency (total dry weight): it increased sodium and decreased boron concentrations in the plants. Boron decreased dry matter production (but not tillering), grain yield, root length and water-use efficiency (total dry weight and grain yield): it increased the concentrations of boron and decreased the concentration of sodium in the plants. At the concentrations of salt and boron used (which cover the range normally encountered in subsoils in much of Upper Eyre Peninsula), boron had more deleterious effects on wheat than did salt. Yield was depressed by salt at concentrations of sodium in the tissue commonly found in field-grown plants.

scholarly journals Optimization of Sowing Window for Summer Fodder Sorghum Cultivars by Thermo Radiation Requirements Under Southern Agroclimatic Zone of Andhra Pradesh in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
K. Saimaheswari ◽  
T. Prathima ◽  
D. Subramanyam ◽  
P. Latha
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Agroclimatic Zone ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Parameters ◽  
Radiation Use

Field experiment was conducted during summerseason,2018 on sandy loam soils of dryland farm of S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University to study radiation use efficiency of fodder sorghum crop. The experiment was in four times of sowing viz., I FN of January, II FN of January, I FN of February and II FN of February with three fodder sorghum varieties viz., CSV 21 F, CSV 30 F and CSV 32 F. Efficiency of thermal and radiation energy conversion into dry biomass was computed using thermal and radiation indices.Results obtained during study revealed that early planting of crop CSV 32 F resulted in higher thermal use efficiency and radiation use efficiencies with higher fodder yield compared to delayed sowings. The correlation studies between RUE and TUE to LAI, dry matter accumulation and green fodder yield showed at significant positive linear relationship. The regression coefficients between meteorological indices viz., RUE and TUE and crop parameters viz., LAI, dry matter production, green fodder yieldwere significantly influenced by varieties at varied times of sowing. Conversion efficiency of radiation and thermal energy to accumulation of dry matter varied much with times of sowing and varieties.

Effect of the proportion of Species on the Yield and Quality of Forage Mixtures, and on the Yield of Barley in the Following Year

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Osman ◽  
N. Nersoyan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Forage Mixtures

SUMMARYMixtures of legumes and cereals in various proportions (seed ratios) were evaluated in Northern Syria for forage production and quality and for yield of barley grain in the following year. Both a vetch-cereal and pea-cereal mix were tested in proportions of 0:100, 33:66, 50:50, 66:33 and 100:0. The study was carried out between 1982 and 1985, covering two seasons for forage production and two for grain production. Dry matter yields of the mixtures exceeded the yield of either one or both components of the mixture grown as pure stands, depending on the rainfall. The maximum overall yield and quality of forage was recorded for the 66:33 legume-cereal combination. The greatest benefit to subsequent barley grain yield was realized when the legume was grown in a pure stand or formed a high proportion (66:33) of the mixture. Herbage quality was better in forages containing vetch than in those containing pea.

Dry matter accumulation and distribution in five cultivars of maize (Zea mays): relationships and procedures for use in crop modelling

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Birch ◽  
G. L. Hammer ◽  
K. G. Rickert
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

The ability to predict accurately dry matter (DM) accumulation, partitioning, and thus final grain yield is crucial in crop simulation models. The objectives of the study were to measure radiation interception and radiation use efficiency, to quantify the distribution of DM among the various plant parts, and to develop improved methods of modelling DM accumulation and partitioning among plant parts. Five cultivars of maize differing widely in maturity and adaptation were planted in October 1993 in south- eastern Queensland, and grown under non-limiting conditions of water and plant nutrient supplies. Data on DM accumulation, light interception, and canopy development were collected. The light extinction coefficient (k) did not differ among the cultivars. Radiation use efficiency was constant in each cultivar until close to physiological maturity, when a small decline was observed. Partitioning of DM between leaves and stems (until 90% of leaf tips had appeared) was described by a linear relationship between the proportion of DM allocated to leaves and the number of leaves present. Ear growth was described by a thermal-time-dependent equation from 150 degree-days (base temperature 8˚C) before silking to 115 degree-days after silking. Predictions of accumulation of grain yield by either components of yield (grain number per plant and individual grain weight) or daily increase in harvest index were assessed, but neither was entirely satisfactory, the former because of inaccurate prediction of grain number per plant, and the latter because of differences among cultivars in the daily increase in harvest index and terminal harvest index. Thus, the use of genotype-specific coefficients remains necessary. Throughout crop life, DM in stems can be predicted by difference, once DM is allocated to other plant parts. The relationships presented where leaf number mediates DM partitioning before silking simplify modelling of DM accumulation and partitioning in maize.

scholarly journals Growth and yield response of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) to phosphorus levels in sandy loam soil of Chitwan Valley, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Bandhu Raj Baral ◽  
Parbati Adhikari ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Chitwan Valley ◽  
Hybrid Maize

To evaluate the phosphorus response on winter hybrid maize, a field experiment was conducted at farm land of National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal on 2012 and 2013. Seven levels of Phosphorus i.e. 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1 were applied along with 160:40 kg N:K2O ha-1. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Hybrid maize RML 32 × RML 17 was used for this study. Analysis of variance showed that plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (g), number of kernels per row, 1000 grain weight (g) and grain yield (ton ha-1) were significantly affected with Phosphorus level. The results showed that the trend of increment was positive for grain yield with increased P level from 0 to 80 kg P2O5 ha-1. The highest grain yield (10.77 ton ha-1) was measured when 120 kg P2O5 ha-1 is applied. It is concluded that 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 can be applied in winter season for hybrid maize RML-32 × RML-17 in Chitwan valley low land irrigated condition. Further studies are necessary on different soil types, seasons, management system and varieties to get more information about the most proper addition of P on maize. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12634 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 147-156

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