Study of frequency and type of adverse analytical findings in the different disciplines of aquatics

Bioanalysis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Lara ◽  
Millán Aguilar-Navarro ◽  
Juan José Salinero ◽  
Jesús Muñoz-Guerra ◽  
María del Mar Plata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doping Control ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Sprint Swimming

We aimed to analyze the number and distribution of doping control tests in which a banned substance was reported (i.e., adverse analytical finding) in aquatics. The analysis was performed by using the data provided by the WADA Testing Figure Reports from 2015 to 2019. A total of 79,956 doping control tests were analyzed. Sprint swimming, middle-distance swimming and water polo were the disciplines with the highest number of doping control tests. However, there were no differences in the frequency of adverse findings among disciplines (overall, ∼0.56%, from 0.13 in artistic swimming to 0.76% in sprint swimming). Sprinters and long-distance swimmers presented a higher frequency of beta-2-agonists than the remaining aquatic disciplines (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the type of prohibited substances employed is strongly influenced by the intrinsic characteristics of each aquatic discipline.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TRICEPS OVERHEAD EXTENSION EXERCISE WITH THE PYRAMID SYSTEM METHOD ON THE INCREASED ARM POWER AND LONG PASS RESULTS OF WATER POLO SPORTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Starlet Viersa Utami
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Initial Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
West Java ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
System Method ◽  
Analysis Technique

In the water polo sport, several techniques must be mastered, one of which is the passing technique. A water polo player must be able to throw, both at close range and long-distance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of triceps overhead extension training with the pyramid system method on the increase in arm power and the results of long pass water polo. The research method that I use to test the hypothesis in this study is an experimental method. In this study, the population and sample used were all female athletes of water polo in West Java with 12 athletes because these athletes were still active and the majority had understood the basic techniques of passing and long pass movements. The form of training to increase arm power and the results of long pass water polo is given by weight training triceps overhead extension with the pyramid system method. The treatment was given in 16 meetings to 12 West Java female water polo athletes. The data analysis technique used was the t-test at the 95% significance level. Based on the results of data processing, the researcher concluded that the exercise treatment had a significant effect on increasing arm power and the results of the long pass water polo from the initial test data obtained with an average of 386.08 and the final test data of 421.33 for arm power. while for the long pass data, the average of the initial test was 17.21 and the final test was 18.01.

The Fine Structure of Phloem Cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 632-635
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw
Keyword(s):  
Structural Studies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
P Protein ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Distance Transport

Long distance transport in plants takes place in phloem tissue which has characteristic cells, the sieve elements. At maturity these cells have sieve areas in their end walls with specialized perforations. They are associated with companion cells, parenchyma cells, and in some species, with transfer cells. The protoplast of the functioning sieve element contains a high concentration of sugar, and consequently a high hydrostatic pressure, which makes it extremely difficult to fix mature sieve elements for electron microscopical observation without the formation of surge artifacts. Despite many structural studies which have attempted to prevent surge artifacts, several features of mature sieve elements, such as the distribution of P-protein and the nature of the contents of the sieve area pores, remain controversial.

Popliteal entrapment syndrome and age

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schweizer ◽  
Hügli ◽  
Koella ◽  
Jeanneret
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Popliteal Entrapment ◽  
Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

On the occasion of diagnosing a popliteal entrapment syndrome in a 59-year old man with no cardiovascular risk factors, who developed acute ischemic leg pain during long distance running, we give an overview on this entity with emphasis on patients’age. The different types of the popliteal artery compression syndrome are summarized. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are discussed. The most important clinical sign of a popliteal entrapment syndrome is the lack of atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with limited walking distance. Not only in young athletes but also in patients more than 50 years old the popliteal entrapment syndrome has to be taken into account.

Attachment Styles, Physical Proximity, and Relational Satisfaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Anita Shrivastava ◽  
Andrea Burianova
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Relational Satisfaction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

This study aimed to explore the relationships between attachment styles, proximity, and relational satisfaction. This was achieved by assessing a distinct type of long distance romantic relationship of flying crews, compared with proximal (non-flying crew) romantic relationships. The responses of 139 expatriate professionals revealed significant associations between proximity and anxious and avoidant attachment dimensions. The role of the avoidant dimension in comparison with that of the anxious dimension was found to be a significant predictor of relational satisfaction. This study contributes significantly toward addressing the role of proximity and attachment in relational satisfaction in a new context of geographic separation.

Relationships between emotions and goal orientations, in swimmers and water polo athletes

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kouli ◽  
Ekaterini Kouvarda ◽  
Konstantinos Astrapellos ◽  
Athanasios Papaioannou
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Water Polo
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