scholarly journals Helicoverpa zea and Bt Cotton in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall G. Luttrell ◽  
Ryan E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bt Cotton

scholarly journals Simulated Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa zea, Injury in an Indeterminate Soybean Cultivar at Various Growth Stages under Non-Irrigated Conditions in the Southern United States

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1450
Author(s):  
Mariane Coelho ◽  
Donald R. Cook ◽  
Angus L. Catchot ◽  
Jeff Gore ◽  
André L. Lourenção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Artificial Fruit ◽  
The Impact

Soybean is considered one of the most valuable crops in the United States of America. Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) is among several insect pests which are associated with soybean, damaging leaves when infestations occur during the vegetative stages, and flowers and pods during the reproductive stages, which can directly impact yield. Artificial fruit removal is a method used to understand insect damage and to adjust action levels for control. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of five levels of fruit removal (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) at four stages (R2, R3, R4 and R5) on maturity and yield of soybean. These methods were used to simulate H. zea damage under controlled conditions in non-irrigated environments, during 2016 and 2017. There was a significant interaction between fruit removal timing and fruit removal level for the percentage of non-senesced main stems and abscised leaves. For soybean yield, there was no significant interaction between fruit removal timing and fruit removal level. Plots that received fruit removal treatments at R5 had significantly lower soybean yields compared to plots that received damage at other growth stages and the nontreated control. Plots with 100% fruit removal had significantly lower yields compared to plots that received any of the other fruit removal treatments. These data demonstrate that indeterminate midmaturity group IV soybeans that are commonly grown in the midsouthern region of the United States may be able to compensate for even severe levels of fruit loss early during the reproductive portion of the growing season if favorable growing conditions occur.

scholarly journals Heliothis virescens and Bt cotton in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bt Cotton

scholarly journals Pest Management Needs and Limitations for Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an Emergent Key Pest of Hemp in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadie E Britt ◽  
Thomas P Kuhar ◽  
Whitney Cranshaw ◽  
Christopher T McCullough ◽  
Sally V Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has emerged as an injurious insect pest to hemp, Cannabis sativa L., a crop newly reintroduced to the United States. Growing hemp presents a potential alternative economic opportunity for farmers but can be challenging with a market that is unstable and just developing. One of the most notable production challenges is managing corn earworm, an insect pest that is particularly damaging when it feeds on flower buds produced in cannabinoid varieties, creating extensive bud tunneling and wounds that allow entry of pathogens that can aid development and presence of bud rot. Damage to seeds is of lesser concern in hemp cultivars grown for grain and minimal risk is associated with hemp grown for fiber. Our ability to research hemp has only recently been allowed as production was largely suspended following World War II and, as such, there has been limited opportunity to develop information for empirically-based pest management recommendations. Further complicating development of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are regulatory challenges associated with providing registration support to add hemp to pesticide labels, as it was not formally recognized as a crop by U.S. regulatory agencies until late 2019. Research needs and challenges to develop effective IPM programs for corn earworm on hemp are discussed here.

Economic Injury Levels for Bt-resistant Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Cotton

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro I Del Pozo-Valdivia ◽  
Dominic D Reisig ◽  
Lewis Braswell ◽  
Jeremy K Greene ◽  
Phillip Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Cry Toxins ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Cry Toxin ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Larval Number

Abstract Thresholds for Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. have been understudied since the widespread adoption of Bt cotton in the United States. Our study was possible due to the widespread presence of H. zea populations with Cry-toxin resistance. We initiated progressive spray timing experiments using three Bt cotton brands (Deltapine, Stoneville, and Phytogen) widely planted across the U.S. Cotton Belt expressing pyramided toxins in the Cry1A, Cry2, and Vip3Aa19 families. We timed foliar insecticide treatments based on week of bloom to manipulate H. zea populations in tandem with crop development during 2017 and 2018. We hypothesized that non-Bt cotton, cotton expressing Cry toxins alone, and cotton expressing Cry and Vip3Aa19 toxins would respond differently to H. zea feeding. We calculated economic injury levels to support the development of economic thresholds from significant responses. Pressure from H. zea was high during both years. Squares and bolls damaged by H. zea had the strongest negative yield associations, followed by larval number on squares. There were fewer yield associations with larval number on bolls and with number of H. zea eggs on the plant. Larval population levels were very low on varieties expressing Vip3Aa19. Yield response varied across experiments and varieties, suggesting that it is difficult to pinpoint precise economic injury levels. Nonetheless, our results generally suggest that current economic thresholds for H. zea in cotton are too high. Economic injury levels from comparisons between non-Bt varieties and those expressing only Cry toxins could inform future thresholds once H. zea evolves resistance to Vip3Aa19.

Current Resistance Management Requirements for Bt Cotton in the United States

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 137-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharlene R. Matten ◽  
Alan H. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Current Resistance

scholarly journals Transgenic cotton and sterile insect releases synergize eradication of pink bollworm a century after it invaded the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. e2019115118
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Tabashnik ◽  
Leighton R. Liesner ◽  
Peter C. Ellsworth ◽  
Gopalan C. Unnithan ◽  
Jeffrey A. Fabrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Invasive Pests ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Cotton Pests ◽  
Global Threat

Invasive organisms pose a global threat and are exceptionally difficult to eradicate after they become abundant in their new habitats. We report a successful multitactic strategy for combating the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), one of the world’s most invasive pests. A coordinated program in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico included releases of billions of sterile pink bollworm moths from airplanes and planting of cotton engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from the bacteriumBacillus thuringiensis(Bt). An analysis of computer simulations and 21 y of field data from Arizona demonstrate that the transgenic Bt cotton and sterile insect releases interacted synergistically to reduce the pest’s population size. In Arizona, the program started in 2006 and decreased the pest’s estimated statewide population size from over 2 billion in 2005 to zero in 2013. Complementary regional efforts eradicated this pest throughout the cotton-growing areas of the continental United States and northern Mexico a century after it had invaded both countries. The removal of this pest saved farmers in the United States $192 million from 2014 to 2019. It also eliminated the environmental and safety hazards associated with insecticide sprays that had previously targeted the pink bollworm and facilitated an 82% reduction in insecticides used against all cotton pests in Arizona. The economic and social benefits achieved demonstrate the advantages of using agricultural biotechnology in concert with classical pest control tactics.

scholarly journals Sustained susceptibility of pink bollworm to Bt cotton in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Tabashnik ◽  
Shai Morin ◽  
Gopalan C. Unnithan ◽  
Alex J. Yelich ◽  
Christa Ellers-Kirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Bt Cotton

Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagandeep Kaur ◽  
Jianguo Guo ◽  
Sebe Brown ◽  
Graham P. Head ◽  
Paula A. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transgenic Maize

Global Patterns of Resistance to Bt Crops Highlighting Pink Bollworm in the United States, China, and India

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2513-2523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E Tabashnik ◽  
Yves Carrière
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Bt Crops

Abstract Crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have advanced pest control, but their benefits have been reduced by evolution of resistance in pests. The global monitoring data reviewed here reveal 19 cases of practical resistance to Bt crops, which is field-evolved resistance that reduces Bt crop efficacy and has practical consequences for pest control. Each case represents the responses of one pest species in one country to one Bt toxin. The results with pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) and Bt cotton differ strikingly among the world’s three leading cotton-producing nations. In the southwestern United States, farmers delayed resistance by planting non-Bt cotton refuges from 1996 to 2005, then cooperated in a program that used Bt cotton, mass releases of sterile moths, and other tactics to eradicate this pest from the region. In China, farmers reversed low levels of pink bollworm resistance to Bt cotton by planting second-generation hybrid seeds from crosses between Bt and non-Bt cotton. This approach yields a refuge of 25% non-Bt cotton plants randomly interspersed within fields of Bt cotton. Farmers adopted this tactic voluntarily and unknowingly, not to manage resistance, but apparently because of its perceived short-term agronomic and economic benefits. In India, where non-Bt cotton refuges have been scarce and pink bollworm resistance to pyramided Bt cotton producing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab toxins is widespread, integrated pest management emphasizing shortening of the cotton season, destruction of crop residues, and other tactics is now essential.

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