Effects of Collector Sea Urchin (Tripneustes gratilla) on the Reduction of Brown Seaweed (Dictyota spp. and Padina spp.) Cover in Post-Coral Bleached Systems

The heads of demembranated spermatozoa of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla, reactivated at different concentrations of ATP, were held by suction in the tip of a micropipette and vibrated laterally with respect to the head axis. This imposed vibration resulted in a stable rhythmic beating of the reactivated flagella that was synchronized to the frequency of the micropipette. The reactivated flagella, which in the absence of imposed vibration had an average beat frequency of 39 Hz at 2 mmol l-1 ATP, showed stable beating synchronized to the pipette vibration over a range of 20-70 Hz. Vibration frequencies above 70 Hz caused irregular, asymmetrical beating, while those below 20 Hz induced instability of the beat plane. At ATP concentrations of 10-100 mumol l-1, the range of vibration frequency capable of maintaining stable beating was diminished; an increase in ATP concentration above 2 mmol l-1 had no effect on the range of stable beating. In flagella reactivated at ATP concentrations above 100 mumol l-1, the apparent time-averaged sliding velocity of axonemal microtubules decreased when the imposed frequency was below the undriven flagellar beat frequency, but at higher imposed frequencies it remained constant, with the higher frequency being accompanied by a decrease in bend angle. This maximal sliding velocity at 2 mmol l-1 ATP was close to the sliding velocity in the distal region of live spermatozoa, possibly indicating that it represents an inherent limit in the velocity of active sliding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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RESEARCH ON THE COMPONENT OF LIPID CLASSES, FATTY ACID, AMINO ACIDS FROM EGG AND BODY OF SEA URCHIN TRIPNEUSTES GRATILLA (LINNAEUS, 1758)

Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.15625/2525-2518/56/4a/12895 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (4A) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Kim Hoa Thi Dinh

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Sea Urchin ◽

Total Lipid ◽

Yellow Sea ◽

Lipid Classes ◽

The Yellow Sea ◽

Viet Nam ◽

Tripneustes Gratilla

ABSTRACT – HCTN 06The Sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) is a famous species of invertebrate member of the phylum Echinodermata of marine animals living in shallow tropical water. In Viet Nam, it is usually called by the name of yellow sea urchin. This species is mentioned much about its economic and commerce properties. Recently, many researchers have been paying attention to sea urchin because of its positive effect on human health. In terms of medicine and nutrition, the egg of yellow sea urchin was rich in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) and essential amino acids. In this research, we focused on determining the total lipid contents, the components of lipid classes and the compositions and contents of fatty acids, amino acids from the body and the egg of the yellow sea urchin T. gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) collected in Hon Tam, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam in 2016. Although the yellow sea urchin T. gratilla has low percentage of total lipid in fresh weigh basis, they are full of essential lipid ingredients such as Wax and Hydrocabon (H + W), Triacylglycerol (TG), Monodiacylglycerol MDAG, Free Fatty Acid (FFA), sterol (ST), and Polar Lipid (PL). In both egg and body samples palmitic acid (16:0) was the most abundant fatty acid with the proportion of about 25%. In addition, arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) is dominent Omega-6 fatty acid in the Monounsaturated Fatty Acid group (MUFA). Furthermore, the research result also showed the very high percentages of omega-3 fatty acids in the egg and body of T. gratilla, with the total contents of 13.97% and 20.67% respectively, especially the presence of eicosapentaenoic fatty acid (C20:5n-3, EPA), a very valuable fatty acid. By the HPLC method, the research also found 17 amino acids in the egg and body of T. gratilla with the existence of 7 essential amino acids.Keywords: Tripneustes gratilla, lipid classes, yellow sea urchin, echinodermata, fatty acid content.

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Chemical defenses of the tropical marine seaweed Canistrocarpus cervicornis against herbivory by sea urchin

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography ◽

10.1590/s1679-87592010000300004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 213-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Éverson Miguel Bianco ◽

Valéria Laneuville Teixeira ◽

Renato Crespo Pereira

Keyword(s):

Sea Urchin ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Brown Seaweed ◽

Chemical Defenses ◽

Lytechinus Variegatus ◽

Brown Seaweeds ◽

Natural Concentration ◽

Compound Type ◽

Defensive Chemical ◽

Canistrocarpus Cervicornis

This paper reports on the defensive chemical properties of the marine tropical brown seaweed Canistrocarpus cervicornis against herbivory. A natural concentration of dichloromethane crude extract (DCE) obtained from this seaweed significantly inhibited feeding by the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. The major metabolite isolated from this active DCE extract was identified as the (4R,7R,14S)-4α,7α-diacetoxy-14-hydroxydolast-1(15),8-diene that strongly inhibited feeding by the same sea urchin. This result suggests that the dolastane diterpenes class may constitute the defensive system of C. cervicornis against herbivory, and probably also of that of other brown seaweeds endowed with a biosynthetic pathway capable of producing compounds of the dolastane-type, a typical skeleton found in Dyctioteae species worldwide. This is the first report showing this compound-type (dolastane diterpenes) as a chemical defense against herbivory in marine seaweeds. This study constitutes an additional report broadening the known spectrum of action and roles of secondary metabolites of the C. cervicornis and Dyctioteae species.

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Ribosomal ribonucleic acid synthesis and processing in embryos of the Hawaiian sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla

Biochemistry ◽

10.1021/bi00578a007 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 2178-2185 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jeffrey K. Griffith ◽

Tom D. Humphreys

Keyword(s):

Sea Urchin ◽

Ribonucleic Acid ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Tripneustes Gratilla ◽

Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid ◽

Synthesis And Processing

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Natural spawning of a Hawaiian sea urchin,Tripneustes gratilla

Invertebrate Biology ◽

10.1111/ivb.12158 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 136 (1) ◽

pp. 31-36

Author(s):

Darren W. Johnson ◽

Marla E. Ranelletti

Keyword(s):

Sea Urchin ◽

Natural Spawning ◽

Tripneustes Gratilla

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The effect of the addition of algae feeding stimulants to artificial diets for the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.08.023 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 273 (4) ◽

pp. 624-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Symon A Dworjanyn ◽

Igor Pirozzi ◽

Wenshan Liu

Keyword(s):

Sea Urchin ◽

Feeding Stimulants ◽

Artificial Diets ◽

Tripneustes Gratilla

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EFFECT OF SPERM CELL DENSITY ON MEASURED TOXICITY FROM THE SEA URCHIN TRIPNEUSTES GRATILLA FERTILIZATION BIOASSAY

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ◽

10.1897/02-614 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 2191 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lourdes C. Vazquez

Keyword(s):

Cell Density ◽

Sea Urchin ◽

Sperm Cell ◽

Tripneustes Gratilla

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Combined Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Hatching and Larval Survival of Commercially Important Tropical Sea urchin, Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758)

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i530219 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Md. Shamim Parvez ◽

M. Aminur Rahman ◽

Md. Jahidul Hasan ◽

Md. Habibur Rahman ◽

Nawshin Farjana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Urchin ◽

Captive Breeding ◽

Activity Index ◽

Larval Survival ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Salinity Range ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Tripneustes Gratilla ◽

Commercial Species ◽

Effects Of Temperature

The combined effects of temperature and salinity on percent hatching, normal larval rate at hatching, and survival of fasting larvae after hatching (survival activity index; SAI) of the commercial species of collector sea urchin, Tripneustes gratilla were investigated in a captive laboratory condition. The study was conducted by setting different levels of temperatures (24°C to 36°C) and salinities (38‰ to 23‰). Within the range of temperature from 24 to 36°C and at 32‰ salinity, hatching and normal larval rates, and SAI values were highest at 24 and 27°C. The highest hatching and normal larval rates were found at 35 and 38‰ within the salinity range of 23-38‰; however, SAI value was the highest at 26‰. The results of the experiments in each level of temperature (24, 27 and 30°C) with each salinity (32, 35 and 38‰) indicated interactive effects of temperature and salinity, and within the experimental protocols of 24°C at 38‰ gave an optimal combination for highest hatching and survival of T. gratilla. The findings obtained from the present research would not only be immensely helpful towards the understanding of the suitable temperature-salinity interactions but also facilitate the development of captive breeding, larval raising and mass seed production of this high-valued sea urchin for commercial aquaculture.

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