scholarly journals Metabolically Healthy Obesity and the Fit/Fat Phenotype: Associations with Mortality, Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease and Approach to Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Farooq Sufian Sorathia
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

scholarly journals Effect of body shape on the development of cardiovascular disease in individuals with metabolically healthy obesity

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (38) ◽  
pp. e22036
Author(s):  
Chang-Myung Oh ◽  
Jung Hwan Park ◽  
Hye Soo Chung ◽  
Jae Myung Yu ◽  
Wankyo Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

scholarly journals Metabolically healthy obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: the Whitehall II cohort study

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 551-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy-Marino Hinnouho ◽  
Sébastien Czernichow ◽  
Aline Dugravot ◽  
Hermann Nabi ◽  
Eric J. Brunner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

scholarly journals Association between metabolically healthy obesity/overweight and cardiovascular disease risk: A representative cohort study in Taiwan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246378
Author(s):  
Tzu-Lin Yeh ◽  
Hsin-Yin Hsu ◽  
Ming-Chieh Tsai ◽  
Le-Yin Hsu ◽  
Lee-Ching Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Objectives To investigate the relationship between metabolically healthy obesity and cardiovascular disease risk in Taiwanese individuals. Methods Taiwanese individuals were recruited from a nationwide, representative community-based prospective cohort study and classified according to body mass index as follows: normal weight (18.5–23.9 kilogram (kg)/meter(m)2) and obesity/overweight (≥24 kg/m2). Participants without diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia and who did not meet the metabolic syndrome without waist circumference criteria were considered metabolically healthy. The study end points were cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were obtained from a Cox regression analysis. Results Among 5 358 subjects (mean [standard deviation] age, 44.5 [15.3] years; women, 48.2%), 1 479 were metabolically healthy with normal weight and 491 were metabolically healthy with obesity. The prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity/overweight was 8.6% in the Taiwanese general population, which included individuals who were >20 years old, not pregnant, and did not have CVD (n = 5,719). In the median follow-up period of 13.7 years, 439 cardiovascular disease events occurred overall and 24 in the metabolically healthy obesity group. Compared with the reference group, the metabolically healthy obesity group had a significantly higher cardiovascular disease risk (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 2.99). Conclusions Individuals with metabolically healthy obesity have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and require aggressive body weight control for cardiovascular disease control.

scholarly journals The association between transition from metabolically healthy obesity to metabolic syndrome, and incidence of cardiovascular disease: Tehran lipid and glucose study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0239164
Author(s):  
Farhad Hosseinpanah ◽  
Erfan Tasdighi ◽  
Maryam Barzin ◽  
Maryam Mahdavi ◽  
Arash Ghanbarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Abstract 163: The Prevalence of the Metabolically Healthy Obese Phenotype in an Aging Population and its Association with Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease: The Brazilian Study on Healthy Aging

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara L Roberson ◽  
Shozab A Siddiqui ◽  
Michael J Blaha ◽  
Arthur A Agatston ◽  
Roger S Blumenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

BACKGROUND Obese and overweight individuals have been shown to be at higher risk of CVD events than normal weight individuals. Current literature has elucidated a new phenotype, Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO), with risks of CVD similar to that of normal weight individuals. Few studies have examined the MHO phenotype in an aging population, especially in association with subclinical cardiovascular disease. METHODS The cross sectional study population consisted of 208 individuals (79% Female), age 80 and older (mean age 84±4, range 80-102). Anthropometrics & biochemical parameters were measured. The Adult Treatment Panel definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS), excluding waist circumference, criteria was used to define metabolically healthy (<3 MetS components) versus unhealthy. A combination of BMI and waist circumference were used to define normal weight and overweight/obese. Multidetector-row cardiac CT for coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was used to detect subclinical atherosclerosis. High reactive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) was measured to assess degree of underlying inflammation. RESULTS The prevalence of MHO defined by BMI≥25 kg/m2 &/or waist circumference >88cm in women, >102cm in men & having 3mg/dl, Uric Acid >6 mg/dl (p=NS). Gender, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and SBP was significantly associated with MHO (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the MHO phenotype is still seen in octogenarians, but at lower rates than in the general population suggesting MHO may not simply be an intermediary stage, driven by length of spent in the obese state. Those with this phenotype tended to have lower triglycerides, higher HDL, and lower body fat % than their metabolically at risk obese counterparts (p<0.05), however, degree of subclinical CVD was not different. Further studies are needed to explore the related risk of CVD among MHO octogenarians.

scholarly journals Metabolically healthy obesity: Is it really benign?

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Kourris ◽  
Konstantinos Tziomalos
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity

Recently, a subgroup of patients with obesity but without cardiometabolic abnormalities has attracted considerable attention and has been characterized as metabolically healthy obese (MHO) patients. MHO is quite prevalent among patients with obesity. Even though these subjects have less pronounced metabolic abnormalities compared with patients with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), they are at increased risk for progressing to MUO and for developing cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, diet, exercise and appropriate pharmacotherapy should be recommended to patients with MHO as strongly as in those with MUO.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Metabolically Healthy Obesity and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Lin Yeh ◽  
Hsin-Hao Chen ◽  
Szu-Ying Tsai ◽  
Chien-Yu Lin ◽  
Shu-Jung Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Ottawa Scale

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is unclear. We searched databases from inception to May 2019. Data were pooled using a random effects model. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment was performed. Primary and secondary outcomes were CVD risk and all-cause mortality. Forty-three studies involving 4,822,205 cases were included. The median percentage of females, age and duration of follow-up was 52%, 49.9 years and 10.6 years, respectively. The mean Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score of the articles was 7.9 ± 1.0. Compared to individuals with a metabolically healthy normal weight, individuals with MHO had higher adjusted risk of CVD and all-cause mortality. We identified a significant linear dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and CVD risk among metabolically healthy individuals (p < 0.001); every unit increase in BMI increased the CVD risk. Multivariate meta-regression analysis showed that an increased proportion of women and age resulted in the risk of CVD affected by MHO reduction (p = 0.014, p = 0.030, respectively). Age and sex explained the observed heterogeneity and reported the adjusted R2. MHO resulted in a significantly increased risk for CVD; therefore, long-term weight loss should be encouraged.

The effects of transitions in metabolic health and obesity status on incident cardiovascular disease: Insights from a general Chinese population

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748732093555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Guo ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Shasha Yu ◽  
Hongmei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Background Recent studies have investigated the association of transitions in metabolic health and obesity status over time with the risk of cardiovascular disease, focusing on the subgroup demonstrating metabolically healthy obesity. However, these studies have produced inconsistent results. This study evaluates the relation in a general Chinese population. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in a general population in Northeast China, with examinations of cardiovascular health from 2012–2015 and follow-up for incident cardiovascular disease until 2018. Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of baseline metabolic health and obesity status and transitions in those statuses with cardiovascular disease risk. Results A total of 7472 participants aged ≥35 years who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline were included in this analysis. Over a median follow-up of 4.66 years, a total of 344 cardiovascular disease events occurred. Among the 3380 participants who were obese at baseline, 37.1% were metabolically healthy. Metabolically healthy obesity was associated with a 48% increased risk of cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio: 1.48; 95% confidence interval: 1.07–2.06) compared with the metabolically healthy non-obese group at baseline. Transition from metabolically healthy obesity to metabolically unhealthy obesity was associated with elevated cardiovascular disease risk with an odds ratio of 1.82 (95% confidence interval: 1.06–3.14) compared with metabolically healthy non-obesity throughout after adjustment. Even maintaining metabolically healthy obesity over time was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (odds ratio: 1.72; 95% confidence interval: 1.00–2.97). Conclusions Weight control and management of existing metabolic disorders should be prioritized in all obese population.

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