Is it Feasible to Use an Oral-Fluid Based Rapid Test Facilitated by Frontline Workers to Improve HIV Screening of Pregnant Women in Indian Rural Settings?

A study was performed on 100 pregnant women in the outpatient department of gynecology and obstetrics of Maternity and Children Hospital in Al-Diwaniya City during the period between (March to September 2016). One hundred blood samples (50 for patients and 50 for control) were collected under the supervision of the treating gynecologist. The detection of Helicobacter. pylori was done by the use of the serum antibody Rapid test. The results showed that 50 (100%) were positive and 50 (100%) were negative for H. pylori in above method.All blood of patients and control samples were used for the extraction of genomic DNA,where the 107 bp PCR product size. Genotyping of the TNF-α-308 SNP (G/A)was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR (RFLP-PCR). PCR products were digested with restr NcoI iction enzyme. Individuals with the TNF-α-308(GG) homozygote produced digested DNA bands at 80,and 20 bp bp. A heterozygous genotype ofTNF-α-308 (GA)produced 107 bp,80 bp,and 20 bp bands. Individuals with the TNF-α-308 (AA) homozygote genotype had no amplicon digested and generated only one band of 107 bp. There was a significant difference in the frequency of the TNF-α-308(GG)genotype between H. pylori positive group and H. pylori negative group(72%,78% respectively). Also for GA genotype,there was a significant difference between H. pylori positive group and H. pylori negative group(24%,18% respectively). Concerning the frequency of the TNF-α-308 (AA)genotype between H. pylori positive group and H. pylori negative group,there was no significant difference between the two groups.

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Cost-Effectiveness of with Rapid-Test Etiological vs. Syndromic Diagnosis in Non-Pregnant Women with Symptoms of Cervical Infection

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2194567 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Javier Díaz Rojas ◽

Mario García Molina ◽

Liliana Chicaíza ◽

Alexander Moreno Calderón ◽

Víctor Prieto Martínez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Cervical Infection ◽

Syndromic Diagnosis

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Serum Concentrations of Selected Organochlorines in Pregnant Women and Associations with Pregnancy Outcomes. A Cross-Sectional Study from Two Rural Settings in Cambodia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17207652 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (20) ◽

pp. 7652

Author(s):

Margit Steinholt ◽

Shanshan Xu ◽

Sam Ol Ha ◽

Duong Trong Phi ◽

Maria Lisa Odland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Low Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural Settings

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 194 pregnant women from two low-income settings in Cambodia. The inclusion period lasted from October 2015 through December 2017. Maternal serum samples were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The aim was to study potential effects on birth outcomes. We found low levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP), except for heptachlors, β-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor epoxide, and p,p’-DDE. There were few differences between the two study locations. However, the women from the poorest areas had significantly higher concentrations of p,p’-DDE (p < 0.001) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (p = 0.002). The maternal factors associated with exposure were parity, age, residential area, and educational level. Despite low maternal levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, we found significant negative associations between the PCB congeners 99 (95% CI: −2.51 to −0.07), 138 (95% CI: −1.28 to −0.32), and 153 (95% CI: −1.06 to −0.05) and gestational age. Further, there were significant negative associations between gestational age, birth length, and maternal levels of o,p’-DDE. Moreover, o,p’-DDD had positive associations with birth weight, and both p,p’-DDD and o,p’-DDE were positively associated with the baby’s ponderal index. The poorest population had higher exposure and less favorable outcomes.

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Feasibility of supervised self-testing using an oral fluid-based HIV rapid testing method: a cross-sectional, mixed method study among pregnant women in rural India

Journal of the International AIDS Society ◽

10.7448/ias.19.1.20993 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 20993 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Archana Sarkar ◽

Gitau Mburu ◽

Poonam Varma Shivkumar ◽

Pankhuri Sharma ◽

Fiona Campbell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Oral Fluid ◽

Rural India ◽

Mixed Method Study ◽

Rapid Testing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Testing Method ◽

Self Testing ◽

Hiv Rapid Testing

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Determinants of preconception care among pregnant women in an urban and a rural health facility in Kenya: a qualitative study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-04201-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

J. K. Okemo ◽

D. Kamya ◽

A. M. Mwaniki ◽

M. Temmerman

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Preconception Care ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Preventive Health Care ◽

Structured Interview ◽

University Hospital ◽

Rural Setting ◽

Rural Settings ◽

And Child Health

Abstract Background Preconception care (PCC) is a form of preventive health care that is offered to women and couples before conception, with the aim of improving their health status and mitigating various risk factors that could contribute to poor maternal and child health outcomes. The levels of PCC utilization are still low globally, especially in developing countries and in rural areas. Little is known regarding PCC use in Kenya that could help in addressing this shortfall. This study aimed to qualitatively assess the determinants of PCC in urban and rural settings in Kenya. Methods A qualitative approach was employed to assess determinants of PCC using a semi-structured interview guide. The study was conducted from May to October 2017. Selected pregnant women seeking antenatal care (ANC) were recruited by quota sampling, at the Mother and Child Health (MCH) clinics in Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi (AKUH, N-urban) and Maragua Level Four Hospital (MLFH-rural). The interviews were thereafter transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Findings A total of 26 women were invited, of whom 21 accepted to participate in in-depth interviews (IDIs). Saturation of themes occurred with 13 interviews (7 at AKUH and 6 at MLFH). Transcription, coding and thematic analysis of the IDIs yielded 12 themes. Eleven of these themes were identified as determinants of PCC. The twelfth theme contained suggested strategies of increasing PCC awareness and utilization, such as using the media, setting up PCC clinics and integrating PCC into other clinics. The dominant themes were awareness about PCC and attitudes towards PCC and pregnancy. The broad determinants of PCC were similar in urban and rural settings – with a few notable exceptions. For example, in the rural setting, women’s level of education and a pervasive history of poor interactions with healthcare providers were major determinants of PCC. Conclusion From this study we conclude that women’s lack of awareness about PCC, in conjunction with attitudes towards PCC and pregnancy impact strongly on its utilization. This lack of awareness could be addressed through health education programs for both the public and for healthcare providers, as well as integrating PCC in the curricula of the later.

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Determinants of Preconception care among Pregnant Women In an Urban and a Rural Health Facility In Kenya: A Qualitative Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-228068/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joan Khavugwi Okemo ◽

Dorothy Kamya ◽

Abraham Mukaindo Mwaniki ◽

Marleen Temmerman

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Preconception Care ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Preventive Health Care ◽

Structured Interview ◽

University Hospital ◽

Rural Setting ◽

Rural Settings ◽

And Child Health

Abstract BACKGROUNDPreconception care (PCC) is a form of preventive health care that is offered to women and couples before conception, with the aim of improving their health status and mitigating various risk factors that could contribute to poor maternal and child health outcomes. The levels of PCC utilization are still low globally, especially in developing countries and in the rural areas. Little is known regarding PCC use in Kenya that could help in bridging this gap. This study aimed to assess the determinants of PCC in urban and rural settings in Kenya.METHODSSelected pregnant women seeking antenatal care (ANC) were recruited by purposive sampling at the Mother and Child Health (MCH) clinics in Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi (AKUH, N-urban) and Maragua Level Four Hospital (MLFH-rural). A qualitative approach was employed to assess determinants of PCC using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically.RESULTS A total of 26 women were invited, of whom 21 accepted to participate in in-depth interviews (IDIs). Saturation of themes occurred after 13 interviews (7 at AKUH and 6 at MLFH).Transcription, coding and thematic analysis of the IDIs yielded 12 main themes. Eleven of the main themes were identified as determinants of PCC while the twelfth theme contained suggested strategies of increasing PCC awareness and utilization, such as using the media, setting up PCC clinics and integrating PCC into other clinics. The dominant themes were awareness about PCC and attitudes towards PCC and pregnancy.The broad determinants of PCC were similar in urban and rural settings – with a few notable exceptions. For example, in the rural setting, women’s level of education and a pervasive history of poor interactions with healthcare providers were major determinants of PCC.CONCLUSIONFrom this study we conclude that women’s lack of awareness about PCC, in conjunction with attitudes towards PCC and pregnancy impact strongly on its utilization. This lack of awareness could be addressed through health education programs for both the public and for healthcare providers, as well as integrating PCC in the curricula of nurses and doctors.

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Revised guidelines for HIV testing, counselling, and screening in the United States

Weekly releases (1997–2007) ◽

10.2807/esw.06.01.01998-en ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

K. A. Fenton ◽

C McGarrigle

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Service Providers ◽

The United States ◽

Hiv Treatment ◽

Hiv Screening ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Perinatally Acquired ◽

Clinical Advances

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the United States has published a report containing revised guidelines for HIV counselling, testing, and referral (CTR), and revised recommendations for HIV screening of pregnant women (1). The CTR guidelines replace the existing 1994 guidelines (2) and contain recommendations for policy-makers and service providers of HIV CTR. The revised recommendations for HIV screening for pregnant women replace the 1995 guidelines (3). The revision was prompted by recent advances in both HIV CTR and HIV treatment and prevention and clinical advances in preventing perinatally acquired HIV.

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